Observatorio Astronómico Los Molinos

ABSTRACT In this article, we examine the interconnections between international labor migration and extractivism through a case from Guatemala’s southwestern department of Retalhuleu. Expansion of extractive sugarcane production and sustained migration to the United States both have negative impacts on the availability and accessibility of land for smallholders in the six communities studied. The case reveals how migration and extractivism are entangled in ways that co-construct landscapes, leading to persistence in rural spaces as well as displacement. Findings also demonstrate that inflows of migrant remittances and savings can function as a ‘check’ on the territorial expansion or extent of extractivist enterprises.

Introduction: DLBCL has heterogeneous clinical outcomes, and prognosis depends on patient´s and biological variables. Nevertheless, treatment for the last decades has relied on RCHOP schema for all patients fit for it. Results of the POLARIX study have challenged the paradigm of RCHOP treatment for every patient showing increased Progression Free Survival (PFS) in the experimental arm. Due to the high cost of Polatuzumab, there has been a great effort to identify patients most likely to benefit from this approach. Activated-B cell derived DLBCL, elderly and high risk patients by IPI seemin the study cohort to benefit the most. In limited resource countries, a careful selection of patients in whom to invest on more expensive therapies is extremely important. Furthermore, availability of effective second line treatment for the30% of patients expected to relapse are scarce, making this selection even more important. Objectives: Analyze the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with DLBCL treated in our country, trying to identify those who have the worst outcomes with conventional treatments and should be considered for novel therapies. Methods: Retrospective, observational study of patients with confirmed diagnosis of DLBCL treated with RCHOPor R-miniCHOP form 8 public and private institutions in Montevideo-Uruguay from 2008 to 2024. Primary mediastinal, primary SNC lymphoma and transformed DLBCL were excluded. COO was evaluated by Hans algorithm due to lack of access to GEP. Results: 294 patients included, 71.4% from private centers, 51.4% female. Median age 68 (19–90) 191 (65%) IPI 0–2, 103 (35%) 3–5. By Hans algorithm 44.2% GCB, 37.1% nonGCB, 18.7% unclassified. 91% received RCHOP, 9% RminiCHOP. Median of 6 cycles (0–7) CR achieved in 71%. 99 (33.7%) relapsed/refractory (R/R). Median follow up was 28.3 months (0.39–178) PFS and OS at 5 years were 48% and 58% respectively with a significant difference in IPI 0–2 versus 3–5 (59% vs. 29%) at 5 years for PFS p < 0.001 and 73% versus 23% for OS p < 0.001. In patients > 60 with IPI 3–5 OS at 5 years was 20% No difference in OS or PFS observed according to COO by IHQAmong R/R, OS at 5 years 23%. 25% received autoSCT. Conclusions: Our data show that with conventional RCHOP, the subset of patients with IPI 3–5 irrespective of stage or age alone have a dismal prognosis with a significantly shorter PFS and OS compared to IPI0–2, worse than what has been reported in international studies. COO did not correlate with outcomes which we attribute to quality of the reported IHQ. RR patients in our country have limited effective therapies available, mostly platinum-based chemotherapy and autoSCT in fit patients and very recently PolaBR in unfit patients. Lack of access to new agents like CART or bispecific antibodies in 2L compels us to make the most out of 1L therapy specially for those with the worst reported outcomes (IPI 3–5) in whom more expensive and effective therapies is justified. Research funding declaration: none Keywords: other; aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma; cancer health disparities No potential sources of conflict of interest.

Rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament is the oldest and most prevalent cause of osteoarthrosis (OA) of the patellofemoral joint (PFJ) in canines, being 75% of all PFJ surgical pathologies. To assess the long term clinical, radiological and orthopaedic results of a modification of Hulse’s technique for intracapsular surgical correction of cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CrCLR). A heterogeneous population of 12 canines who had undergone surgery for CrCLR was called for the study, of which 3 underwent surgery on both PFJs. The technique was modified by using a pre folded crochet needle and a tiny lateral arthrotomy performed just under the lateral collateral ligament. This study was done after 20 months on average from de surgery (range 8 to 36 months) and all the surgeries were performed by the same surgeon. All animals were monitored during the study period, which lasted 4 months. A blind radiological assessment of 3 observers was performed using the Bioarth scale, an orthopaedic assessment to quantify the degree of claudication and PFJ angles (goniometry) and two scales were also used for the assessment of chronic pain and animal welfare i.e., Helsinki's scale and CPBI (canine pain brief inventory). The radiographic assessment of OA yielded a mean of 9.13, with SD of 5.50 and a SE of 1.42. The average subjective assessment of OA according to the Bioarth scale was moderate. The qualitative orthopedic assessment showed that 7 patients did not present claudication, 4 patients showed grade 1 claudication and one grade 2. The CPBI and Helsinki animal welfare scales showed an excellent subjective assessment by the tutors. The Hulse technique, modified with a crochet needle, was sufficient to surgically correct the CrCLR in an heterogeneous population of 12 canines, achieving that all patients functionally used the operated limb or limbs, possessing a very good to excellent quality of life according to their owners, despite having evidenced a moderate degree of OA with an average of 9.13 on the Bioarth scale.

IntroductionVenous thromboembolism (VTE) is a serious, frequent, and preventable medical complication in hospitalized patients. Although the efficacy of prophylaxis (pharmacological and/or mechanical) has been demonstrated, compliance with prophylaxis is poor at international and national levels.AimTo determine the indication and use of pharmacological thromboprophylaxis in hospitalized patients in Uruguay.MethodsAn observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, multicentre study involving 31 nationwide healthcare facilities was conducted. Baseline characteristics associated with hospital admission, the percentage of the population with an indication for thromboprophylaxis, and the percentage of patients receiving pharmacological thromboprophylaxis were assessed. The VTE risk was determined using the Padua score for medical patients; the Caprini score for surgical patients; the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG) guidelines for pregnant-postpartum patients.Results1925 patients were included, representing 26% of hospitalized patients in Uruguay. 71.9% of all patients were at risk of VTE. Of all patients at risk of VTE, 58.6% received pharmacological thromboprophylaxis. The reasons for not receiving thromboprophylaxis were prescribing omissions in 16.1% of cases, contraindication in 15.9% and 9.4% of patients were already anticoagulated for other reasons. Overall, just 68% of patients were “protected” against VTE. Recommendations of major thromboprophylaxis guidelines were followed in 70.1% of patients at risk.ConclusionsDespite the progress made in adherence to thromboprophylaxis indications, nonadherence remains a problem, affecting one in six patients at risk of VTE in Uruguay

We modeled the geometry and the three-dimensional orientation of the ejecta cone triggered by the impact of the DART spacecraft on the asteroid Dimorphos. We used eight LUKE images of the impact acquired by the CubeSat LICIACube that flew by the Didymos system shortly after the impact. These images, which show the ejecta cone in both face-on and side-on profiles, enabled us to reconstruct the ejecta cone in inertial space. We started our model as a simple cone with a circular base and developed it to a rotated cone with an elliptical base that best fit the data. The cone axis points to R.A., decl. (in J2000): , +. The cone is characterized by two perpendicular half-angles of and a rotation of ω = 12° around its axis. The apex of the cone is located near the center of Dimorphos within 15 m. The intersection of the cone and the surface of Dimorphos (surface enclosed by the cone) would correspond to a crater with a maximum radius of about 65 m. The characterization of the cone axis is directly related to the computation of the momentum enhancement factor (β) of the impact, and it hence proves the crucial need of studying impacts in the context of planetary defence scenarios. The results of this work could potentially be used to constrain whether the impact took place in a strength-dominated or a gravity-dominated regime. This work shows the important scientific return of the LICIACube CubeSat in the context of planetary defence.

The NASA Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) spacecraft successfully crashed on Dimorphos, the secondary component of the binary (65803) Didymos system. Following the impact, a large dust cloud was released, and a long-lasting dust tail developed. We have extensively monitored the dust tail from the ground and the Hubble Space Telescope. We provide a characterization of the ejecta dust properties, i.e., particle size distribution and ejection speeds, ejection geometric parameters, and mass, by combining both observational data sets and using Monte Carlo models of the observed dust tail. The size distribution function that best fits the imaging data is a broken power law having a power index of –2.5 for particles of r ≤ 3 mm and –3.7 for larger particles. The particles range in size from 1 μm up to 5 cm. The ejecta is characterized by two components, depending on velocity and ejection direction. The northern component of the double tail, observed since 2022 October 8, might be associated with a secondary ejection event from impacting debris on Didymos, although is also possible that this feature results from the binary system dynamics alone. The lower limit to the total dust mass ejected is estimated at ∼6 × 106 kg, half of this mass being ejected to interplanetary space.

A new species of pardaliscid amphipod is described and illustrated from a single male specimen collected from bathyal sediments (2125 m depth) in the southern Gulf of Mexico. The new species is morphologically closest to Pardaliscoides fictotelson Barnard, 1966, previously documented from Southern California, at 218 m depth. The new pardaliscid differs from other species in the genus in having antenna 1 with a 10-articulate accessory flagellum; maxilliped palp very long; pereopods 5-7 elongate, slender; basis pereopod 7 expanded; telson with a short U-shaped cleft and pointed lobes; uropods 1-2 outer ramus curved, peduncle flat, longer than rami; uropod 3 rami flat, fleshy-lined, with marginal distal short robust setae. An identification key for all known species in the Pardaliscoides genus is also provided. The new species increase the number of Pardaliscoides species documented to six worldwide.

ABSTRACT NASA sent the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission to impact Dimorphos, the satellite of the asteroid binary system (65803) Didymos. DART will release LICIACube prior to impact to obtain high-resolution post-impact images. The impact will produce a crater and a large amount of material ejected at high speed (several tens of m s−1), producing an ejecta cone that will quickly disperse. We analysed an additional effect: the lofting of material at low velocity due to the generation of seismic waves that propagate inside Dimorphos, producing surface shaking far from the impact point. We divide the process into different stages: from the generation of impact-induced waves, the interaction of them with surface particles, the ejection of dust particles at velocities, and the prediction of the observability of the dust coma and trail. We anticipate the following observable effects: (i) generation of a dust cloud that will produce a hazy appearance of Dimorphos’ surface, detectable by LICIACube; (ii) brightness increase of the binary system due to enhancement of the cross-section produced by the dust cloud; (iii) generation of a dust trail, similar to those observed in some Active Asteroids, which can last for several weeks after impact. Numerical prediction of the detectability of these effects depends on the amount and size distribution of ejected particles, which are largely unknown. In case these effects are observable, an inversion method can be applied to compute the amount of ejected material and its velocity distribution, and discuss the relevance of the shaking process.