Ofcom

Abstract Social media offers many benefits but also carries risks, including exposure to distressing content. The UK’s Online Safety Act requires certain platforms to empower users to control the content they see. Content controls can reduce users’ exposure to sensitive content. However, there is little public data on how platform design shapes the use of these controls. In our online randomised controlled trial on a simulated social media platform, participants were given an initial choice between seeing ‘All content types’ or ‘Reduced sensitive content’. After browsing, they were given the opportunity to change their choice. In the Control arm, none of the options were pre-selected. 24% chose ‘Reduced sensitive content’. Pre-selecting ‘All content types’ reduced this proportion to 15%. Conversely, adding a description of ‘sensitive content’ on the choice page increased that figure to 29%. The initial choice proved to be ‘sticky’. When invited to review after browsing, those defaulted away from ‘Reduced sensitive content’ did not switch any more than those whose choice was not influenced by a default. Overall, user choice was susceptible to choice architecture, and users’ tendency to update their initial choice was weak. This highlights the importance of platform design to deliver genuine user empowerment.

Abstract Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS) aim to enhance road safety, traffic efficiency and environmental performance of road transportation by enabling communication between the vehicles and the road infrastructure. Today, vehicle manufacturers and road operators are investing significantly in C-ITS technology and infrastructure implementation to realise its potential benefits. In Europe, the C-Roads platform aims to harmonise the deployment of C-ITS infrastructure and services across Europe. As part of the C-Roads platform, Transport Infrastructure Ireland implemented C-ITS pilot infrastructure to deliver C-ITS services to road users via ITS-G5 and cellular communications. For the deployment of ITS-G5 Roadside Units along a 60 km distance of the pilot routes in Ireland, a radio coverage planning exercise was undertaken to optimise the deployment. Several technical and practical factors were taken into consideration during this exercise. This paper outlines Transport Infrastructure Ireland’s C-ITS pilot infrastructure, discusses the key technical and practical factors taken into consideration and summarises the results achieved. As a result of this radio coverage planning exercise, we were able to achieve over 50% cost savings on infrastructure deployment for C-ITS services via ITS-G5 technology on the M50 and M1 motorways.

In the quest to interpret complex cellular responses, selfsupervised learning (SSL) methods have been developed, promising powerful generic representations. However, their performance on biologically critical tasks such as mechanism of action (MoA) classification remains limited. We argue that no single model-no matter how sophisticated or generalisable-can produce representations that are optimal for all downstream tasks, as different objectives impose conflicting requirements. To address this, we propose a novel framework called Task-guided Representation exaptation (TRex). In TRex, a generic (possibly self-supervised) model first extracts broad and rich morphological embeddings, which are then refined by a lightweight adaptation network optimised for biological relevance linked to the specific downstream tasks. This modular design enables rapid and resource-efficient transformation of generic features into biologically meaningful, taskfocused representations - without the need to retrain largescale models. We evaluate TRex on a 20-plate Cell Painting dataset spanning two cell lines and show that MoA-based adaptation not only significantly improves MoA classification performance (doubling the mAP), but also enhances compound recognition. Our results highlight the limitations of static, generic representations and demonstrate the utility of task-aware adaptation for maximising the biological relevance of morphological profiling.

The paper focuses on how the efficiency and effectiveness of the Video Interviewing and Digital Scoring (VIDS) system in the NHS recruitment process could be improved. VIDS enables remote participation, reducing logistical costs and providing real-time feedback. However, its implementation is resource-intensive, necessitating significant technical support. The study focuses on optimising the VIDS process, particularly through the standardisation and automation of scoring to ensure consistency and reduce human error. Adopted in 2012, Multiple Mini Interviews (MMIs) were enhanced in 2023 by VIDS, allowing candidates to participate remotely, thus minimising the need for physical assessment centres. The pilot phase of VIDS demonstrated high user satisfaction but highlighted the need for continuous technical support. The study outlines methods for optimising this support, such as diagnostic tools, bypass procedures and streamlined technical assistance. The results confirm that these optimisations contributed to a more efficient recruitment process. While VIDS offers clear benefits, the paper emphasises the necessity of ongoing support and refinement to maximise its effectiveness in future NHS recruitment efforts.

Resumo: Sob uma constelação audiovisual em que a linguagem dos corpos baila em cena, convocando-os uns aos outros, entendemos este gesto de leitura, como um movimento semelhante à umbigada. Imbricado à metodologia das constelações fílmicas (SOUTO, 2019) e em cruzo (RUFINO, 2018), atravessado pelo território e suas sensibilidades, propomos uma reflexão sobre a movência do samba de roda como forma de circulação de sentido e emergência de imagens decoloniais, trazido à cena acadêmica para tirar para dançar outras perspectivas. Neste conjunto de interações, observamos incorporações de dimensões do sensível, nem sempre visibilizadas, entre agentes humanos e não-humanos (ambientais, tecnológicos, espirituais). O movimento circular da umbigada entre corporalidades nos reconecta com práticas e subjetividades comunitárias amefricanas, ameríndias, periféricas, da ancestralidade brasileira, sobretudo ligadas ao feminino.

This chapter offers in simple, easy to understand terms the relationships between wind speed and power and energy production from wind turbines, wind statistics and mapping, and forecasting wind resources. The chapter explores a basic and extremely important issue: how much electrical energy can a wind turbine be expected to produce over the course of an average year? The answer is the key to its economic justification, and the chapter presents analytical and statistical tools that enable the student and the analyst in making wind turbine performance assessments. These assessments are then used in cost analysis presented in Chapter 8.

The University of Toronto Mississauga (UTM) central social media team has developed an overarching strategy and system over the course of three years, from 2020 to 2023, to help improve their vertical video production while building a community of practice with other internal campus content creators. This case study will discuss the benefits for campus content collaborators. It identifies three types of social video collaborations employed by UTM communications staff to meet the unique requirements and capabilities of different teams. Pulling from the UTM social media team's findings, this paper shares a formula for success used to create vertical videos that improve key performance indicators while building capacity among practitioners. By highlighting strategic practical tips to utilise when creating higher education video content, the authors aim to illuminate the steps involved for those wishing to set up a similar system and strategy. This case study concludes with a reflection on the lessons learned and pitfalls to avoid when collaborating with other campus content creators.

Aim: Little is known regarding uptake of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) treatments or patient burden in UK real-world practice.Methods: Cross-sectional surveys of patients with advanced EOC and healthcare professionals (HCPs).Results: 101 HCPs and 142 patients participated. Time from initial primary care consultation to diagnosis was ∼7 weeks. 83% patients were offered hereditary genetic testing, with 89% uptake. 53% HCPs reported surgery was performed ≤1 month in non-neoadjuvant setting. Surgery delay negatively impacted patient quality of life (61%), mental health (89%), and surgical outcomes (63%). 56% patients received active first-line maintenance treatment; patients on active surveillance had greater emotional/psychological distress.Conclusion: Treatment delays and low uptake of active first-line treatment should be addressed. Emotional support must be readily accessible throughout treatment.