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This study investigated the contamination of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), its isomers, and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in seafood from Thailand to assess public health risks. A total of 144 samples from eight marine species were collected from three provinces-Rayong, Samut Sakhon, and Bangkok-between 2022 and 2023. Samples were analysed using a validated ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) technique. PFOS and PFOA were detected in all samples, with concentrations ranging from < 24 to 623 ng/kg wet weight (ww) and < 48 to 419 ng/kg ww, respectively. PFOS was detected at a higher concentration than PFOA, and both compounds were found predominantly in cockles. Geographically, seafood from Rayong province revealed higher PFOS contamination, likely due to industrial activities. Linear PFOS was the most prevalent isomer, accounting for 84% of the total PFOS. The maximum levels of PFOS and PFOA in fish and molluscs complied with the European Union limits, and the estimated PFOS exposure assessment from seafood consumption was below the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) guideline. However, for children (3-12.9 years) in the high-seafood-consuming group, the estimated exposure was two-fold higher than the guideline of 4.4 ng/kg body weight/week. These findings highlight the need for continued PFAS monitoring and for implementing strategies to mitigate risks for vulnerable populations.

Climate change and fluctuating temperature have become significant environmental issues impacting public health. However, the association between temperature and mortality in Thailand, particularly how this relationship changes over time, remains underexplored. This study aimed to investigate the time-varying association between ambient temperature and non-accidental mortality in Thailand, using the data from 2000 to 2020. The analyses of this study were separated into three sections. In the first section, the relationship between ambient temperature and mortality at the provincial level was explored using a combination of the distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) and quasi-Poisson regression. In the second section, the province-specific estimates were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis to calculate the regional and national associations between ambient temperature and mortality. In the third section, the temporal association was assessed by dividing the data into two periods, which are 2000-2009 and 2010-2020. The same steps from the first and second sections were repeated for each predefined period to explore the temporal changes in the temperature-mortality relationship. Results indicated that the minimum mortality temperature (MMT) decreased from 28.7°C in 2000-2009 to28.0°C in 2010-2020, and the mortality fractions attributable to heat had an increasing trend over time, while those attributable to cold followed a downward trend. This finding highlights the need for adaptive public health strategies, as heat-related mortality continues to evolve. Furthermore, this study provides critical insights for policymakers into protecting public health from the effects of climate change and temperature fluctuations in Thailand.

Reported herein is the development of an intramolecular oxidative cyclization of ketoximes with alkenes for the preparation of isoquinoline N-oxides. The reaction, which utilizes phenyliodine bis(trifluoroacetate) (PIFA) as an oxidant and 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) as a solvent, proceeds to afford various N-heterocyclic products, including aryl/heteroaryl-fused pyridine N-oxides, isoindole N-oxides, and 2-benzazepine derivatives. Preliminary experimental and computational mechanistic studies suggest that the ionic pathway is the primary mechanism. The synthetic utility of the developed method was highlighted via several product transformations.

This study investigates the impact of personal characteristics (PER), personal environment (PEV), individual factors (INF), and urban development (DEV) on the quality of life (QoL) in the northeastern (Isan) region of Thailand, specifically focusing on Roi Et Province. The research employs a quantitative approach using stratified random sampling to select a sample of 400 individuals from a population of just over 1 million residents. Data analysis was conducted using LISREL 9.1 for confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) to explore the relationships between the variables. The results reveal significant positive relationships between the studied variables and their influence on public services. Personal characteristics showed a moderate positive effect on QoL, highlighting the importance of gender and community relationships. The personal environment significantly impacted QoL, emphasizing the role of supportive living conditions. Individual factors were crucial for QoL, indicating the significance of societal roles and personal well-being. Urban development directly influenced QoL, suggesting that well-planned infrastructure enhances residents' QoL. These findings align with the Social Determinants of Health framework and New Urbanism theory. This research underscores the multifaceted nature of QoL determinants in rural settings, demonstrating that both individual and environmental factors contribute to residents' well-being. The study provides valuable insights for policymakers and urban planners, suggesting that enhancing personal and environmental factors, alongside strategic urban development, can significantly improve the quality of life in rural areas.

BackgroundAllergic rhinitis (AR) is a prevalent public health concern globally, significantly impacting quality of life. In Thailand, the prevalence of AR is rising, with grass and weed pollen identified as primary outdoor triggers.ObjectivesThis study aimed to (1) assess patterns of pollen sensitization in Thai AR patients and (2) investigate correlations between demographics/clinical data and SPT results.MethodsA total of 121 individuals aged ≥18 years with clinically diagnosed AR were recruited. Skin prick testing (SPT) was performed using a panel of commonly encountered tropical grass and weed pollen extracts. SPT wheal sizes and clinical symptom scores were recorded. Correlations between SPT outcomes and symptom scores were analyzed.ResultsAmong the participants, 104 (85.95%) exhibited positive SPT reactions to at least one pollen type. Nutsedge (76/121), para grass (57/121), and Bermuda grass (48/121) were the most frequently identified allergens. Hurricane grass elicited the strongest reaction, evidenced by the highest average wheal size (6.2 mm). Poly-sensitization was observed in 77 (63.6%) of the SPT-positive individuals, with most cases involving two different pollen extracts (35/77). Notably, AR severity positively correlated with both average wheal size and the number of positive SPT tests.ConclusionThis study highlights nutsedge, para grass, and Bermuda grass as major allergenic pollen sources for Thai AR patients. Including nutsedge, hurricane grass, and careless weed in clinical SPT panels is recommended for improved diagnostic accuracy. Additionally, the positive correlation between AR severity and pollen reaction strength emphasizes the importance of implementing patient education and avoidance strategies.

Nazarov cyclization of the (E)-(2-stilbenyl)methanols under the catalysis of p-TsOH immobilized on silica (PTS-Si) proceeded to give the corresponding indanyl cation with the exclusive trans relationship at the two newly formed adjacent stereogenic centers. The ensuing intramolecular nucleophilic addition by the MOM-protected phenol (m = 0) or benzyl alcohol (m = 1) furnished the Indane-fused benzofuran [5/5] or isochroman [5/6] system, respectively, with the exclusive cis stereocontrol at the two-carbon ring junction. Thus, in a single step, from nonchiral starting materials, the intramolecular cascade carbocation cyclization (CCC) furnished the [5/5] or [5/6] oxygen-containing Indane fused-ring systems in moderate to good yields with excellent stereoselectivity on all three contiguous stereogenic centers.

In order to determine optimal conditions for maintaining biomass quality during storage, an analysis was conducted to investigate the changes in biomass characteristics in Bangkok, Thailand. The study focused on three types of biomass: corncob, woodchip, and bagasse, which are valuable renewable energy resources in the region. Each type of biomass was divided into two separate piles: one covered with a plastic sheet and the other left uncovered. Over a storage period of seven months (February-September), various characteristics of the biomass piles were evaluated, including pile temperature, moisture content, ash content, heating value, and dry matter loss. The findings indicate that the utilization of plastic sheets significantly enhanced the quality of corncob and woodchip biomass. This improvement was attributed to reduced moisture content, leading to higher heating values, lower ash content, and decreased dry matter loss in the covered piles compared to the uncovered ones. However, such improvements were not observed in the case of bagasse, as its quality exhibited fluctuations throughout the study period.

Thermodynamics studies of a prototypical quasi-two-dimensional frustrated magnet Ba$_2$Sn$_2$ZnCr$_{7p}$Ga$_{10-7p}$O$_{22}$ where the magnetic Cr$^{3+}$ ions are arranged in a triangular network of bipyramids show that the magnetic zero-point entropy for $p=0.98$ is 55(1)\% of the entropy expected when the Cr$^{3+}$ moments are fully disordered. Furthermore, when combined with a previous neutron scattering study and the perimeter scaling entropy of a spin jam, the analysis reveals that with decreasing $p$, i.e., doping of the nonmagnetic Ga$^{3+}$ ions, the variation in the magnetic zero-point entropy can be well explained by the combined effects of the zero-point entropy of the spin jam state and that of weakly coupled orphan spins, shedding light on the coexistence of the two types of spin states in quantum magnetism.