Orange Coast College

Stigma affects roughly 40% of undergraduate students in the United States, all of whom attend community colleges (CCRC, 2025). It compromises a student’s academic self-concept while leading to increased impostor feelings and a decrease in motivation (Cokley et al., 2015). The current study examined whether community college stigma can be predicted by grit, impostor phenomenon, and academic self-concept. We hypothesized that grit and academic self-concept negatively predict stereotype internalization and meta stereotype awareness, while impostor phenomenon positively predicts stereotype internalization and meta stereotype awareness. Secondly, we hypothesized that stereotype internalization negatively correlates with future academic and professional pursuits. Data were collected as part of the Psi Beta National Research Project (N = 2,035). A multiple regression analysis found that the selected variables accounted for 42% of stereotype internalization; identification with academics, grade point average, and grit negatively predicted stereotype internalization, while impostor phenomenon positively predicted stereotype internalization. Another multiple regression analysis found that the selected variables accounted for 12% of meta-stereotype awareness; identification with academics and grit negatively predicted meta-stereotype awareness, while impostor phenomenon and grade point average positively predicted meta-stereotype awareness. Lastly, a weak negative correlation between stereotype internalization and future academic and professional pursuits was found. The results support that the selected variables predict stereotype internalization, while also predicting meta-stereotype awareness. These findings suggest that stigma could be decreased by prioritizing one’s passion and perseverance in their pursuits, increasing study time, involvement in campus activities, and confidence in one’s abilities.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition often associated with delayed motor skills.The Motor Assessment Battery for Children -Second Edition (MABC-2) is a standardized motor assessment for identifying motor delays pertaining to ASD.It evaluates fine and gross motor tasks across three domains: Manual Dexterity, Aiming & Catching, and Balance.These tasks are categorized into three age bands: 3-6, 7-10, and 11-16.Virtual Reality (VR) has emerged as a promising intervention in the ASD realm.This study aimed to investigate the potential of VR to assist children with ASD in performing the gross motor skills (i.e., ball skills and balance) in the MABC-2.The children who participated in the study were attendees of a local Autism Summer Camp.Our research focused on adapting motor tasks for ages 7-10 (i.e., Age Band 2) to VR, as most campers fell in this age range.Within the VR environment, children could observe avatar demonstrations and practice motor skills in a highly immersive setting.The VR environment featured avatars demonstrating ball skills and balancing tasks.Developed with the Unity game engine, 3D software Blender, C# scripting, and mixed reality toolkits, this environment was tested on the Meta Quest 2 Oculus.The children's gross motor skill performance was scored before and after VR interactions.The test standard scores were categorized through a traffic-light scoring system comprising red, amber, and green zones.A standard score 4 is classified in the red zone, indicating a significant movement difficulty; a standard score >4 and 7 is classified in the amber zone, indicating a risk for movement difficulty; and a standard score >7 is classified in the green zone, indicating no movement difficulty detected.Following the VR intervention, we observed a notable improvement in the balance score (p < 0.05).Furthermore, using the Random Forest machine learning model, we analyzed a combined dataset of MABC-2 scores from 250 children across all age bands from the Autism Summer Camp in previous years and the MABC-2 scores from the 18 children in the present study.Our analysis revealed that Balance was crucial in classifying children with ASD with motor delays, with an importance score of 0.195, nearly double that of Manual Dexterity and Aiming & Catching.When the model was exclusively applied to the Balance component score, it achieved an impressive accuracy rate of 91% in identifying children with ASD.In summary, our findings underscore the promise of VR in enhancing balance among children with ASD.The Random Forest analysis reaffirmed the significant role of balance in identifying children with ASD.Given its precision in detecting children with ASD based on their balance performance, we anticipate the potential of future machine learning advancements in this field.Our research validates the effectiveness of a VR-based approach and emphasizes the significance of collaborative research in providing valuable support to the underserved ASD population.

The Manual of Neuroanesthesia: The Essentials covers all important aspects relating to Neuroanesthesia. This book is unique in the fact that it was edited by three very experienced and knowledgeabl...

Abstract Existing models of galaxy formation have not yet explained striking correlations between structure and star formation activity in galaxies, notably the sloped and moving boundaries that divide star-forming from quenched galaxies in key structural diagrams. This paper uses these and other relations to “reverse engineer” the quenching process for central galaxies. The basic idea is that star-forming galaxies with larger radii (at a given stellar mass) have lower black hole (BH) masses due to lower central densities. Galaxies cross into the green valley when the cumulative effective energy radiated by their BH equals ∼4× their halo gas-binding energy. Because larger-radii galaxies have smaller BHs, one finds that they must evolve to higher stellar masses in order to meet this halo energy criterion, which explains the sloping boundaries. A possible cause of radii differences among star-forming galaxies is halo concentration. The evolutionary tracks of star-forming galaxies are nearly parallel to the green-valley boundaries, and it is mainly the sideways motions of these boundaries with cosmic time that cause galaxies to quench. BH scaling laws for star-forming, quenched, and green-valley galaxies are different, and most BH mass growth takes place in the green valley. Implications include the radii of star-forming galaxies are an important second parameter in shaping their BHs; BHs are connected to their halos but in different ways for star-forming, quenched, and green-valley galaxies; and the same BH–halo quenching mechanism has been in place since z ∼ 3. We conclude with a discussion of BH–galaxy coevolution and the origin and interpretation of BH scaling laws.

ABSTRACT This paper studies pseudo-bulges (P-bulges) and classical bulges (C-bulges) in Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) central galaxies using the new bulge indicator ΔΣ1, which measures relative central stellar-mass surface density within 1 kpc. We compare ΔΣ1 to the established bulge-type indicator Δ〈μe〉 from Gadotti (2009) and show that classifying by ΔΣ1 agrees well with Δ〈μe〉. ΔΣ1 requires no bulge–disc decomposition and can be measured on SDSS images out to z = 0.07. Bulge types using it are mapped on to 20 different structural and stellar-population properties for 12 000 SDSS central galaxies with masses 10.0 &amp;lt; log M*/M⊙ &amp;lt; 10.4. New trends emerge from this large sample. Structural parameters show fairly linear log–log relations versus ΔΣ1 and Δ〈μe〉 with only moderate scatter, while stellar-population parameters show a highly non-linear ‘elbow’ in which specific star formation rate remains roughly flat with increasing central density and then falls rapidly at the elbow, where galaxies begin to quench. P-bulges occupy the low-density end of the horizontal arm of the elbow and are universally star forming, while C-bulges occupy the elbow and the vertical branch and exhibit a wide range of star formation rates at a fixed density. The non-linear relation between central density and star formation rate has been seen before, but this mapping on to bulge class is new. The wide range of star formation rates in C-bulges helps to explain why bulge classifications using different parameters have sometimes disagreed in the past. The elbow-shaped relation between density and stellar indices suggests that central structure and stellar populations evolve at different rates as galaxies begin to quench.

ABSTRACT We present catalogues of calibrated photometry and spectroscopic redshifts in the Extended Groth Strip, intended for studies of photometric redshifts (photo-z’s). The data includes ugriz photometry from Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey (CFHTLS) and Y-band photometry from the Subaru Suprime camera, as well as spectroscopic redshifts from the DEEP2, DEEP3, and 3D-HST surveys. These catalogues incorporate corrections to produce effectively matched-aperture photometry across all bands, based upon object size information available in the catalogue and Moffat profile point spread function fits. We test this catalogue with a simple machine learning-based photometric redshift algorithm based upon Random Forest regression, and find that the corrected aperture photometry leads to significant improvement in photo-z accuracy compared to the original SExtractor catalogues from CFHTLS and Subaru. The deep ugrizY photometry and spectroscopic redshifts are well suited for empirical tests of photometric redshift algorithms for LSST. The resulting catalogues are publicly available at http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/36064/. We include a basic summary of the strategy of the DEEP3 Galaxy Redshift Survey to accompany the recent public release of DEEP3 data.

Abstract We investigate the galaxy quenching process at intermediate redshift using a sample of ∼4400 galaxies with M * &gt; 109 M ⊙ between redshift 0.5 and 1.0 in all five CANDELS fields. We divide this sample, using the integrated specific star formation rate (sSFR), into four subgroups: star-forming galaxies (SFGs) above and below the ridge of the star-forming main sequence (SFMS), transition galaxies and quiescent galaxies. We study their UVI (U − V versus V − I) color gradients to infer their sSFR gradients out to twice effective radii. We show that on average both star-forming and transition galaxies at all masses are not fully quenched at any radii, whereas quiescent galaxies are fully quenched at all radii. We find that at low masses (M * = 109–1010 M ⊙) SFGs both above and below the SFMS ridge generally have flat sSFR profiles, whereas the transition galaxies at the same masses generally have sSFRs that are more suppressed in their outskirts. In contrast, at high masses (M * &gt; 1010.5 M ⊙), SFGs above and below the SFMS ridge and transition galaxies generally have varying degrees of more centrally suppressed sSFRs relative to their outskirts. These findings indicate that at z ∼ 0.5–1.0 the main galaxy quenching mode depends on its already formed stellar mass, exhibiting a transition from “the outside-in” at M * ≤ 1010 M ⊙ to “the inside-out” at M * &gt; 1010.5 M ⊙. In other words, our findings support that internal processes dominate the quenching of massive galaxies, whereas external processes dominate the quenching of low-mass galaxies.

Today’s proliferation crisis centers on the proliferation programs of North Korea and Iran. How have the actions of the United States after the attacks of September 11, 2001 been interpreted by the strategic culture of North Korea and Iran after being labeled inside the Axis of Evil. Although this idea has been forgotten by most Americans, the term still has resonance in Iran and North Korea. This chapter explores the pseudo-environment of all three countries and how each country’s perceptions have led them in the cases of North Korea and Iran to proliferation and in the case of the United States to actively try to thwart the efforts of the two small states. Using the synthesis of the theoretical framework developed in other chapters, we establish the activities of the Iranians and North Koreans are not strategic (the effort to blackmail or conquer another state), these activities are designed to improve each state’s international status in order to enhance domestic legitimacy. Therefore, the United States should be aware of the perception the Axis of Evil term produced and not rush in to create a crisis environment; which could turn into war.

This paper uses radial colour profiles to infer the distributions of dust, gas and star formation in z=0.4-1.4 star-forming main sequence galaxies. We start with the standard UVJ-based method to estimate dust extinction and specific star formation rate (sSFR). By replacing J with I band, a new calibration method suitable for use with ACS+WFC3 data is created (i.e. UVI diagram). Using a multi-wavelength multi-aperture photometry catalogue based on CANDELS, UVI colour profiles of 1328 galaxies are stacked in stellar mass and redshift bins. The resulting colour gradients, covering a radial range of 0.2--2.0 effective radii, increase strongly with galaxy mass and with global $A_V$. Colour gradient directions are nearly parallel to the Calzetti extinction vector, indicating that dust plays a more important role than stellar population variations. With our calibration, the resulting $A_V$ profiles fall much more slowly than stellar mass profiles over the measured radial range. sSFR gradients are nearly flat without central quenching signatures, except for $M_*>10^{10.5} M_{\odot}$, where central declines of 20--25 per cent are observed. Both sets of profiles agree well with previous radial sSFR and (continuum) $A_V$ measurements. They are also consistent with the sSFR profiles and, if assuming a radially constant gas-to-dust ratio, gas profiles in recent hydrodynamic models. We finally discuss the striking findings that SFR scales with stellar mass density in the inner parts of galaxies, and that dust content is high in the outer parts despite low stellar-mass surface densities there.