Orangutan Information Centre

Abstract: The widespread popularity of contemporary music among today’s Christian children and teenagers reflects a serious content crisis in religious music. Many songs are sung merely for their catchy rhythms, without a deep understanding of their meaning, and are often adapted from secular culture with modified lyrics to appear spiritual. This crisis poses a significant threat to the formation of faith and the psychosocial-spiritual development of the young Christian generation. This article addresses the issue by presenting the Song of Moses in Deuteronomy 32 as an early model of music that serves as an effective, intergenerational medium for faith education. The study employs a descriptive qualitative method with a library research approach, examining biblical literature, Christian educational theology, child developmental psychology, and music theory in faith learning. The findings reveal that the Song of Moses is a concrete example of music used as an educational tool to warn, shape, and strengthen the faith of the people of Israel. The song was designed by God to be remembered and internalised across generations as a means of embedding divine truth. The study further shows that sacred music can be an effective strategy in Christian Religious Education (CRE), particularly in teaching faith values to children and youth. Music composed with theological and pedagogical considerations has the potential to deepen doctrinal understanding, build a personal relationship with God, and inspire authentic Christian living. Therefore, this article recommends that churches and Christian educational institutions develop contextual, biblical, and age-appropriate faith-learning songs. Abstract: Fenomena maraknya musik populer yang digemari oleh anak-anak dan remaja Kristen masa kini menunjukkan adanya krisis konten yang serius dalam musik keagamaan. Banyak lagu yang dinyanyikan hanya karena iramanya yang menarik, tanpa pemahaman makna yang mendalam, bahkan tak jarang diadopsi dari budaya sekuler dengan lirik yang dimodifikasi agar tampak rohani. Krisis ini menjadi ancaman bagi pembentukan iman dan perkembangan psikospiritual generasi muda Kristen. Artikel ini merespons isu tersebut dengan mengangkat Kidung Musa dalam Ulangan 32 sebagai model awal dari musik yang berfungsi sebagai media pendidikan iman yang efektif dan lintas generasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi pustaka (library research), yang menelaah literatur Alkitabiah, teologi pendidikan Kristen, psikologi perkembangan anak, dan teori musik dalam pembelajaran iman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Kidung Musa merupakan contoh konkret penggunaan musik sebagai alat edukatif untuk memperingatkan, membentuk, dan memperkuat iman bangsa Israel. Lagu tersebut dirancang Tuhan agar diingat dan dihayati lintas generasi sebagai bentuk internalisasi kebenaran ilahi. Temuan ini juga menunjukkan bahwa musik rohani dapat menjadi strategi yang efektif dalam Pendidikan Agama Kristen (PAK), khususnya dalam pengajaran nilai-nilai iman kepada anak dan remaja. Musik yang disusun dengan pendekatan teologis dan pedagogis berpotensi memperkuat pemahaman doktrin, membangun hubungan personal dengan Allah, dan mendorong praktik hidup Kristen yang otentik. Oleh karena itu, artikel ini merekomendasikan perlunya gereja dan lembaga pendidikan Kristen mengembangkan lagu-lagu pembelajaran iman yang kontekstual, alkitabiah, dan relevan

Abstract Pante Bayam is a coastal area in Madat District, East Aceh Regency, Aceh Province. This area is well known for its natural mangrove ecosystems and the potential for biodiversity conservation and blue carbon storage. This study investigates carbon stocks and CO 2 adsorption in mangrove at Pante Bayam, Aceh. Data were gathered using basal area measurements, biomass estimation, and carbon stock and absorption calculations based on IPCC standards and current field data. The results showed that the Xylocarpus granatum species dominated the stands with the highest basal area value of 9,402 m 2 /ha. The total carbon stock stored reached 74.48 tons/ha, consisting of 30.41 tons/ha of carbon aboveground and 44.06 tons/ha belowground. Meanwhile, carbon dioxide absorption by all mangrove species was recorded at 58,589.22 kg or 0.249 tons/ha, with the largest contribution also coming from X. granatum . These findings confirm that the mangrove forest on Pante Bayam has significant potential as a blue carbon sink area and supports ecosystem-based conservation policies. Management strategies that maintain dominant species and complex stand structures are highly recommended to maintain the sustainability of mangrove ecological functions in the coastal areas of Aceh.

With the ongoing expansion of digital technology and global communication, the need for rapid and accurate language translation has become increasingly important. Artificial intelligence has led to significant progress in translation, especially through innovations such as Neural Machine Translation (NMT) and Large Language Models (LLMs). Despite ongoing advancements, these translation systems often fall short in areas such as gender fairness, maintaining accuracy from the source language, and recognizing cultural subtleties. This paper systematically analyzes 29 selected research works to highlight the challenges, novel contributions, and potential implications of AI-assisted translation. The approach used was a systematic review. Results show that Artificial intelligence has improved translation efficiency and identified new opportunities in global trade, research, healthcare, and cross-cultural communication. Yet it needs to tackle several issues, such as algorithmic bias, challenges and nuances in cultural retention, and ethical challenges in the human translation industry. The results of this analysis underscore the need for more comprehensive, precise, and ethical AI models, as well as the importance of AI-human collaboration to achieve the highest-quality translations. This study helps to understand the development of AI-based translation and develop methods for its long-term usage.

Abstract Background Cannabis, which is a psychoactive plant, refers to the leaves, flowers, stems, and seeds. Cannabis is used globally for its psychoactive properties, with 2.5% of the world's population consuming it for recreational purposes. But in Indonesia, the plant is classified as a Class 1 narcotic, with a prevalence of use reaching 41.4%. Aceh is one of the largest cannabis-producing regions in Indonesia due to its favorable geographical and climatic conditions. Despite its illegal status, cannabis contains valuable phytocannabinoid compounds and is potentially important in medical applications. Previous studies have shown a correlation between the compound profile of cannabis and its geographical origin. This study aims to develop a classification method based on the cannabinoids compound profiles of dried cannabis samples taken from five regions in Aceh (Aceh Besar, Aceh Tengah, Bireuen, Lhokseumawe, and Pidie Jaya) by microscopy, Raman spectrophotometry, GC–MS, and parametric statistical analysis to assist authorities in tracing the source of cannabis for law enforcement and forensic purposes. Results In this study, dried Cannabis sativa from five regions of Aceh, Indonesia, was tested with Raman spectroscopy and GC–MS to produce informative cannabinoid compound profiles as plant profiling. The results obtained 10 cannabinoids quantified in plant samples (Δ9-THC, CBD, THCV, CBL, CBTC, Methoxy-THC, CBC, CBG, Δ9-THCH, and CBN). The cannabinoids compound profile showed Δ9-THC had the highest overall content and was indicated as the most important compound in the cannabis plant clustering profile. Among the various regions, Aceh Besar had the highest cannabis content. Statistical analysis of Raman spectroscopy and GC–MS data found (1) revealed compounds responsible for clustering cultivars between clusters, (2) variation among cannabis chemical profiles as a result of growing environment, and (3) facilitated prediction of cannabis profiles in helping to categorise regions of unknown cannabis origin based on chemical profiles. Conclusion Raman spectroscopy and GC–MS have proven reliable and efficient methods for classifying Cannabis sativa based on its cannabinoid profile in Aceh, Indonesia. The findings help reveal the geographical origin of the growing location of cannabis plant specimens. All five cannabis samples contained a major Δ9-THC psychoactive constituent. The highest Δ9-THC content comes from AB due to the influence of environmental factors. Parametric test analysis concluded that there was no significant effect of geographical origin related to the relatively close distance range of samples. Additionally, comparing these methods with other analytical techniques will support defined classification models and improve their application in forensic science, particularly in drug enforcement and quality assessment.

Background: Stunting negatively impacts children’s growth, cognitive development, and future productivity. A frequently overlooked yet critical risk factor is the absence of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF). Many studies continue to explore and update the critical role and the urgency of EBF. Aims: This research aimed to identify and analyze the previous studies on the relationship between EBF and stunting to capture a comprehensive understanding of EBF’s role in stunting prevention and various associated factors. Methods: A Systematic Literature Review with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) protocol was employed through four steps – identification, screening, inclusion, and eligibility. A total of 865 articles were initially retrieved from electronic databases (Google Scholar and PubMed). Following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 18 studies resulted in the final review. Results: There was a significant relationship between EBF and stunting incidents. Key contributing barriers are predominantly observed in families with low socioeconomic status and limited educational attainment. In addition, prevailing public perceptions and traditional cultural practices—such as pre-lacteal feeding and CF-were also identified as influential factors. Conclusion: The failure to practice EBF contributes to increased stunting, primarily due to the absence of optimal nutrition and immune protection provided by breast milk. The ignorance of EBF stems from customs and culture that have been applied from era to era. Addressing this issue requires multidimensional interventions, particularly focusing on educational and environmental support. Future research should adopt a multi-sectoral approach to inform evidence-based policy-making for more effective stunting prevention. Keywords: Children aged under 5 years, chronic nutrition, exclusive breastfeeding, stunting, systematic literature review.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas dan kontribusi Surat Permintaan Penjelasan atas Data dan/atau Keterangan (SP2DK) terhadap penerimaan pajak pada KPP Pratama Malang Utara, serta mengevaluasi tanggapan pegawai pajak dan wajib pajak terhadap implementasinya. Menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif, data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dengan Account Representative dan wajib pajak, serta dokumentasi internal DJP selama periode 2019–2021. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa efektivitas SP2DK mengalami penurunan dari sangat efektif pada 2019 (114,03%) menjadi tidak efektif pada 2021 (27,63%). Demikian pula, kontribusinya terhadap total penerimaan pajak menurun dari 12,45% menjadi 2,78%. Meskipun demikian, penurunan ini juga mencerminkan meningkatnya kepatuhan sukarela wajib pajak. Respon dari pegawai menyatakan bahwa SP2DK tetap menjadi instrumen pengawasan penting, sedangkan wajib pajak menganggap SP2DK sebagai media klarifikasi yang edukatif, meskipun seringkali menimbulkan kekhawatiran awal. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan peningkatan kualitas data SP2DK dan penguatan komunikasi antara AR dan wajib pajak untuk mengoptimalkan penerimaan dan kepatuhan perpajakan.

Mangrove forests must be protected because they are an important ecosystem for climate mitigation. Mangrove forests are one of the “blue carbon” ecosystems capable of absorbing significantly more carbon than terrestrial forests. Mangrove restoration is being carried out in various regions as part of an effort to rehabilitate damaged ecosystems, one of which being Pasar Rawa Village in Langkat Regency. Sonneratia alba is a native plant that is employed in restoration activities. The purpose of this study is to investigate carbon stock in the S. alba monoculture restoration area in Pasar Rawa Village, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra Province. Purposive sampling was employed in this study, with plots distributed evenly around the research area. Carbon stock estimation is performed non-destructively by estimating carbon estimates based on diameter at breast height (DBH) and total height of trees. According to the research findings, the total carbon stored in the Sonneratia alba restoration area is quite low, at 60.89 ton.ha−1. S. alba produced 192.13 ton.ha−1 of absorbed carbon with CO2 absorption of 19212.84 g/m2 and so was classified as low.

We present a global sensitivity analysis that quantifies the impact of parameter uncertainty on model outcomes. Specifically, we propose variance‐decomposition‐based Sobol' indices to establish an importance ranking of parameters and univariate effects to determine the direction of their impact. We employ the state‐of‐the‐art approach of constructing a polynomial chaos expansion of the model, from which Sobol' indices and univariate effects are then obtained analytically, using only a limited number of model evaluations. We apply this analysis to several quantities of interest of a standard real‐business‐cycle model and compare it to traditional local sensitivity analysis approaches. The results show that local sensitivity analysis can be very misleading, whereas the proposed method accurately and efficiently ranks all parameters according to importance, identifying interactions and nonlinearities. Computational techniques uncertainty quantification sensitivity analysis polynomial chaos expansion C60 C63