Ordesa (Spain)

Early behavioral problems may influence adult psychopathology, and early-life nutrition plays a critical role in shaping behavioral outcomes during childhood. This study investigated whether subcortical brain volumetry at age six is associated with early behavioral trajectories and the potential influence of early nutrition on this relationship. Data from 82 children participants in the COGNIS study were included in the present analysis. During the first 2 months of life, fifty infants were randomized to one of two formula diets until 18 months of age: a standard formula (SF, n = 26) or an experimental formula (EF, n = 24) supplemented with bioactive compounds. A reference group of breastfed infants (BF, n = 32) was also included. Behavioral assessments were conducted using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) at 18 months, 2.5 years, and 4 years. Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed at 6 years to assess volumes of bilateral subcortical nuclei, brainstem, cerebellum, and total intracranial volume. Complete behavioral and imaging data were available for 37 participants (SF = 19, EF = 18). Weights for linear, quadratic, and mixed linear/quadratic growth curves were computed for CBCL total, internalizing, externalizing, and DSM-oriented scales. Non-parametric correlations between CBCL growth curves and subcortical brain volumetry were computed after adjusting for relevant confounding factors. Generalized linear mixed model for repeated measures was performed. No significant effects of early nutrition on behavioral trajectories were found; in fact, EF and BF groups exhibited similar patterns across internalizing, externalizing, total problems and DSM-oriented scales. CBCL domains followed distinct developmental trajectories, and interestingly, children's subcortical volumetry of specific brain area at 6 years old, were primarily associated with non-linear behavioral growth curves. Amygdala volume correlated with total problems scores and DSM-oriented scales, while hippocampal volume was linked to internalizing, oppositional defiant, and ADHD-related behaviors. Cerebellar cortex volume correlated with ADHD and externalizing problems, the latter also associating with putamen. Pallidum volume was correlated with internalizing and anxiety symptoms. These findings suggest that non-linear behavioral growth models more effectively reflect brain-behavior associations. Futhermore, subcortical brain morphometry, particularly of the hippocampus, may be shaped by behavioral patterns during critical developmental windows-most notably around 2.5 years of age.

HighlightsWhat are the main findings?Spanish pediatricians show substantial variability in the diagnosis and management of cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA), particularly in oral food challenge use, elimination diet duration, and tolerance monitoring.Although many practices follow current guidelines, inconsistent application leads to risks of overdiagnosis, nutritional deficiencies, and delayed tolerance development.What are the implications of the main findings?Strengthening professional training, parental education, and standardized diagnostic and reintroduction procedures is crucial to improve safety and promote earlier tolerance in both IgE- and non-IgE-mediated CMPA.National pediatric and allergy societies should drive the development of unified diagnostic pathways, tolerance monitoring protocols, and formula recommendations, alongside closer coordination between primary and hospital care. Implementing national policies for routine reassessment and timely reintroduction would align Spanish practice with international standards and improve children’s long-term quality of life.Background: Cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA) is among the most common pediatric food allergies. Understanding tolerance acquisition and diagnostic approaches is critical for optimizing care, particularly in Spain, where regional differences may impact management. This study analyzed real-world practices for determining CMPA oral tolerance acquisition by Spanish pediatricians. Methods: A questionnaire was distributed to healthcare providers in primary and hospital pediatric settings across various Spanish provinces. The survey addressed demographic profiles, diagnostic approaches, tolerance acquisition, and dietary modifications. Results: Among the 269 health professionals included (mean age 48.3 ± 11.0 years, 62.3% women), most worked in primary care (55.4%), 20.4% in public hospitals, and 17.8% in private practice. Overall, 35.5% routinely referred CMPA cases to specialists. Specific IgE testing (27.9%) and elimination diets (41.3%) were the main diagnostic tools. Diagnostic dairy-exclusion duration varied, mainly in non-IgE cases. Hospital-based diagnostic oral food challenges (OFC) were preferred for suspected IgE-mediated cases (95.7%), while home-based protocols were used for non-IgE suspected cases (80.7%). Guideline adherence for home-based OFC varied by specialty. Tolerance acquisition was evaluated annually by 67.7% of participants, with a mean success rate of 80%. Therapeutic dairy-exclusion duration varied, with 64.7% excluding CMP for 6–12 months. Minimum age for CMP reintroduction was considered dependent on phenotype and severity, with 12 months of age mentioned most frequently (17.1%). Conclusions: Despite general alignment with international guidelines, relevant variability exists in CMPA management in Spain. Harmonizing diagnostic and therapeutic practices across specialties and care levels may help standardize care and improve patient outcomes.

Background/Objectives: Growing pains are a common cause of recurrent limb pain in children, but their etiology remains unclear. Physical activity and nutrition are important factors for musculoskeletal health, but their specific relationship with growing pains has not been well established in young athletes. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of growing pains in child and adolescent athletes and evaluate their adherence to the Mediterranean Diet. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 916 athletes aged 8–17 years from sports academies in Alicante, Spain. Data were collected via an online survey assessing demographics, pain types, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Results: Self-reported pain was highly prevalent, affecting 78.5% of children and 93.5% of adolescents. Musculoskeletal and nocturnal pain increased with age, with nocturnal pain significantly more frequent in girls among children (p < 0.001). Additionally, 32.6% of children and 51.9% of adolescents had received a formal diagnosis of growing pains. Despite this, only 13.7% reported using analgesics, with no significant gender differences. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was mostly moderate, with children reporting higher fruit and vegetable intake than adolescents, while adolescents consumed more healthy fats and carbohydrates, and participants without pain showed overall healthier dietary patterns. Conclusions: Idiopathic musculoskeletal pain is highly prevalent among young athletes, and their adherence to a healthy diet is suboptimal, challenging the assumption that physically active children maintain well-balanced diets. This underscores the importance of early nutritional education as a strategy to support musculoskeletal health and reduce pain in physically active youth.

This article demonstrates the pivotal role of strategic management in guiding manufacturing enterprises through the challenges of international expansion.As companies move into global markets, they face an unpredictable environment, necessitating comprehensive analysis and structured planning.The use of strategic tools, such as SWOT and PESTLE analysis, is explored in depth, highlighting how these frameworks enable businesses to evaluate internal capacities, identify external opportunities and threats, and develop informed strategies.These tools are particularly effective for manufacturing companies that need to navigate complex local market conditions while maintaining their global objectives.The study further emphasizes the importance of flexibility and continuous innovation in a competitive global landscape.Manufacturing enterprises must remain adaptable to changing market trends, technological advancements, and 9(9) 2024 328 evolving consumer preferences.The article discusses how strategic management facilitates this adaptability by integrating advanced data analytics, improving supply chain efficiency, and fostering innovation through the adoption of technologies like Industry 4.0.These proactive strategies ensure that enterprises are better prepared to capitalize on emerging opportunities and mitigate risks such as political instability or supply chain disruptions.The balance between global integration and local responsiveness is highlighted as a key factor in international success.Manufacturing enterprises are shown to benefit from standardizing core business operations while tailoring their marketing, product offerings, and customer engagement strategies to fit local market conditions.Risk management is identified as another critical component of strategic management, particularly in international operations where enterprises are exposed to a wider range of risks.The article asserts that strategic management is an indispensable framework for manufacturing enterprises seeking sustainable growth in international markets.By fostering innovation, optimizing resource allocation, managing risks, and ensuring compliance with various regulations, strategic management equips enterprises to thrive in an increasingly dynamic and competitive global environment.

The modern era of digitalization in education presents a particularly important task – developing effective methods for individualized learning. This approach should consider the personal needs of the student, their achievements, motivations, and adapt the learning process accordingly. Adaptive educational technologies allow for determining the state of the learning process, analyzing the student’s thought process, identifying challenging topics, and adapting the content for a deeper understanding of the subject matter.In our view, the use of artificial intelligence is one of the most effective methods for developing adaptive learning systems. This article examines the use of customized artificial intelligence (AI) modules to create personalized learning trajectories. It is emphasized that the application of artificial intelligence in adaptive learning systems promotes the individualization of the learning approach for each student, making the learning process as effective as possible. Additionally, it is highlighted that the implementation of artificial intelligence should aim to preserve and enhance all the strengths of the teacher.

The second leading cause of death in children under five years old is diarrheal disease. Probiotics, specifically bifidobacteria, have been associated with a reduction in the number of diarrhea episodes and their severity in babies. In this paper, we summarize the preclinical and clinical evidence of the efficacy of B. longum subsp. infantis IM1® against various gastrointestinal pathogens using in vitro models, animal models, and clinical studies carried out in our laboratory. The preclinical data demonstrate that IM1® effectively inhibits rotavirus replication (by up to 36.05%) in MA-104 and HT-29 cells and from infection (up to 48.50%) through the production of an 11-amino-acid peptide. IM1® displays the capability to displace pathogens from enterocytes, particularly Cronobacter sakazakii and Salmonella enterica, and to reduce the adhesion to the HT29 cells of C. sakazakii and Shigella sonnei. In animal models, the IM1® strain exhibits in vivo protection against rotavirus and improves the clinical symptomatology of bacterial gastroenteritis. A clinical study involving infants under 3 months of age revealed that IM1® reduced episodes of diarrhea, proving to be safe, well tolerated, and associated with a lower prevalence of constipation. B. infantis IM1® emerges as an effective probiotic, diminishing episodes of diarrhea caused by gastrointestinal pathogens.

ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ СИСТЕМИ ДИСТАНЦІЙНОГО НАВЧАННЯ НА РІВЕНЬ РОЗВИТКУ МЕТОДИЧНОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ МАЙБУТНІХ УЧИТЕЛІВ

РОЗВИТОК ЛІДЕРСЬКИХ ЯКОСТЕЙ ПІДЛІТКІВ:ІНОЗЕМНИЙ ДОСВІД Анотація: В даній роботі проведено дослідження актуальності розвитку лідерства як однієї з м'яких навичок.М'які навички розглядаються як особисті якості та здібності, які характеризують здатність людини ефективно взаємодіяти з іншими.Як установлено, y зарубіжній науковій літературі значна увага приділяється розвитку м'яких навичок, в тому числі і лідерству.Статтю присвячено вивченню зарубіжного досвіду з розвитку лідерських якостей саме в підлітковому віці.Результати аналізу показали, що з зазначеної теми здійснюються дослідження науковцями в різних країнах.В огляді висвітлено контексти досліджень, присвячених лідерству в підлітковому віці, а також рекомендації, надані науковцями, адже зарубіжний досвід може бути корисним для України в контексті глобалізації.В зарубіжних наукових публікаціях йдеться про необхідність приділення належної уваги розвитку лідерських якостей підлітків на теоретичному та емпіричному рівнях, як самостійному феномену, так і з метою дослідження його впливу на лідерство в дорослому віці, що має низку важливих наукових і практичних наслідків, адже розвиток лідерських якостей у підлітковому віці може зміцнити самооцінку і стати каталізатором процвітання в дорослому житті.Це грунується на позиції, що процеси прийняття рішень та міжособисті стосунки дуже відрізняються в дорослому та підлітковому віці, а також велике значення мають відмінності між поколіннями.Констатовано, що важливу роль у розвитку лідерських якостей підлітків відіграють шкільні та позашкільні гуртки, спортивні секції та громадські роботи, де діти мають можливість дослідити та проявити свої сильні сторони та лідерські якості.В той самий час звертається увага на недостатнє методологічне обгрунтування багатьох проєктів.Представлено позитивний досвід програм з розвитку лідерських якостей, в яких передбачено залученням підлітків до роботи громад.Зазначається, що участь в організації або програмі на рівні громади може надати підліткам можливість

The study of the human microbiome is one of the most pertinent areas of science and medicine today. The impact of changes in the microbiome is widely discussed in the context of new approaches to the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of many diseases. At the same time, approaches to the management of patients with precancerous and cancerous diseases are changing along with the discovery of new approaches to the management of this category of patients. Scientists all over the world are studying changes in the vaginal microbiome and its role in the female oncological pathology. This article contains the latest information in this direction. It is known that the vaginal microbiome is predominantly composed of anaerobic and facultative anaerobic flora. Normally, the dominant bacteria in the vagina are lactobacilli. A decrease in the number of lactobacilli facilitates the penetration of pathogenic bacteria and the development of sexually transmitted diseases and precancerous transformations. Studies on the effectiveness of chemotherapy have shown that interventions in the vaginal-cervical microbiome can improve patient response to platinum-based drugs and enhance the therapeutic effect of chemotherapy. Several studies have reported an increased prevalence of Sneаthia spp. in the vaginal microbiome of patients with high-risk human papillomaviruses, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive cervical carcinoma. Further research is needed on microbiome changes in vaginal and vulvar cancer. The composition and functions of the vaginal microbiome have been shown to change in women with human papillomavirus. In future studies, it is necessary to conduct analyses in larger samples and more complex populations, taking into account differences in the clinical characteristics of women and focusing on dynamic changes in cancer occurrence, in order to understand the overall development of the disease and the general trend of microbiome changes in gynecological cancer. In addition, close attention should be paid to the development of individualized screening and treatment, and by studying differences in populations, screening and treatment plans can be more precisely formulated and have better results.