Oregon State Hospital

Abstract Long-term cold exposure induces many endotherms to invest in metabolic heat production, but how precipitation impacts thermogenic capacity in the context of different thermal conditions is largely undescribed in animals. In this study, songbirds (red crossbills; Loxia curvirostra) were held in warm (21°C) or cold (6°C) temperatures and either dry or rain precipitation treatments while experiencing a more northern or southern latitude photoperiod. We hypothesized that individuals experiencing winter rain would increase investment in thermogenic capacity, metabolic machinery and catabolic enzymes to cope with increased thermogenic demands. Food intake and activity were monitored weekly, summit (Msum) and basal metabolic rates were measured in November, January and February, and tissues were collected at the end of the study. Individuals held in cold rain treatments achieved the highest Msum and had higher food intake, subcutaneous fat, heart mass and metabolic enzyme activities. Furthermore, birds in dry conditions showed slight disinvestment of Msum in late winter, while birds in rain treatments maintained thermogenic investment. Our results suggest that cold rain induces increased investment in thermogenic capacity across the winter season. Thus, rain may offset the potential thermal benefits that warming winters would otherwise provide to small-bodied endotherms.

LSTM, proposed by German computer scientists Sepp Hochreiter and Jürgen Schmidhuber in 1997 [3], has shown outstanding performance in various tasks, especially in tasks that require capturing long-term dependencies. These tasks include language modeling and machine translation in the field of natural language processing, as well as stock price prediction. This project aims to explore the potential of LSTM models in the field of music generation by analyzing Mozart's classical piano works using music21 and creating a training dataset. The project uses LSTM to learn this dataset, adjusting the forget gate, input gate, and different training iteration times to generate diversified outputs. Finally, the generated music data was manually selected and labeled.

Collaborative inter-organizational networks such as supply networks, multi-stakeholder initiatives, and complex development projects address problems that single organizations cannot. The structure and behavior of these networks are shaped by the distribution of power among network members and member diversity. Similar configurations of power and diversity give rise to similar combinations of information processing norms that are manifested as the network curates, governs, and makes sense of potentially relevant information drawn from its embedding field. These norms help maintain network social structure, and in some cases, make problem solving more efficient. Our paper suggests these norms also lead to collective blind spots that can hamper complex problem-solving success. Four archetypal collective blind spots are identified - partial vision, tunnel vision, kaleidoscopic vision, and blurred vision, and examples are provided. Our theory suggests than any collaborative inter-organizational network, regardless of its power distribution or participant diversity, can experience collective blind spots. Blind spots are a type of unintended consequence of what makes information processing norms worthwhile.

The entrepreneurship literature has taken an increased interest in the complex mechanisms and outcomes of storytelling in recent years. However, the literature around storytelling and its specific relevance to the context of entrepreneurship remains both fragmented and contains significant theoretical “blind spots,” with a distinct bias towards qualitative methods, internal storytellers, and positive outcomes. We take a narrative practice approach to our review of the relevant literature by linking together a storyteller and their audience (who) as agents in the use of content (what) and mechanisms (how) to generate outcomes (why). This approach allows us to frame our study using a method consistent with our subject to create a foundational conceptual framework of the key mechanisms of entrepreneurial storytelling, the main theoretical contributions and themes which drive it, and its underlying assumptions and boundary conditions. Having outlined these essential elements for the 81 articles included in our analysis, we synthesize the insights and outline several promising directions for future research to build a more holistic understanding of the unique and influential mechanisms of storytelling in entrepreneurship.

Provenance-based Intrusion Detection Systems (PIDS) are threat detection methods which utilize system provenance graphs as a medium for performing detection, as opposed to conventional log analysis and correlation techniques.Prior works have explored the creation of system provenance graphs from audit data, graph summarization and indexing techniques, as well as methods for utilizing graphs to perform attack detection and investigation.However, insufficient focus has been placed on the practical usage of PIDS for detection, from the perspective of end-user security analysts and detection engineers within a Security Operations Center (SOC).Specifically, for rule-based PIDS which depend on an underlying signature database of system provenance graphs representing attack behavior, prior work has not explored the creation process of these graph-based signatures or rules.In this work, we perform a user study to compare the difficulty associated with creating graph-based detection, as opposed to conventional log-based detection rules.Participants in the user study create both log and graph-based detection rules for attack scenarios of varying difficulty, and provide feedback of their usage experience after the scenarios have concluded.Through qualitative analysis we identify and explain various trends in both rule length and rule creation time.We additionally run the produced detection rules against the attacks described in the scenarios using open source tooling to compare the accuracy of the rules produced by the study participants.We observed that while the graph-based creation exercises required more effort to complete, they resulted in higher interpretability and lower false positives as compared to log-based methods.

Images are a convenient way to specify which particular object instance an embodied agent should navigate to. Solving this task requires semantic visual reasoning and exploration of unknown environments. We present a system that can perform this task in both simulation and the real world. Our modular method solves sub-tasks of exploration, goal instance re-identification, goal localization, and local navigation. We re-identify the goal instance in egocentric vision using feature-matching and localize the goal instance by projecting matched features to a map. Each sub-task is solved using off-the-shelf components requiring zero fine-tuning. On the HM3D InstanceImageNav benchmark, this system outperforms a baseline end-to-end RL policy 7x and a state-of-the-art ImageNav model 2.3x (56% vs . 25% success). We deploy this system to a mobile robot platform and demonstrate effective real-world performance, achieving an 88% success rate across a home and an office environment.

Historically, disability employment has been recognized as a human rights issue of major concern in our society. Seminal research finds that people with disabilities are underemployed, underpaid, and consistently face barriers to productivity and advancement at work, including often finding themselves being “last hired, first fired” (Schur, Kruse, & Blanck, 2013). Of central concern is disability disclosure and the associated need for workplace accommodations. Requesting accommodations and has been known to be a pain point among employees with disabilities (Gold, Oire, Fabian, & Wewiorski, 2012). Even the decision about when and how to broach the topic, whether during the interview or after the job has been acquired and launched is controversial. Some say that disability disclosure and the conversation about accommodations should be held until after the job is secured, while others advocate for the benefits of sharing this information up front, which include honesty, transparency, and the ability the control the narrative (Ameri & Kurtzberg, 2022). From the employer’s standpoint, accommodations are similarly a gray territory. Though some employers have reported workplace accommodations to be worthwhile (Unger, 2002), with anecdotes including improved productivity, retention, and culture (Kaye, Jans, & Jones, 2011; Hartnett, Stuart, Thurman, et al., 2011), all while incurring minimal costs (Soloveiva, Dowler, & Wall, 2011), others feel apprehension and discomfort (Hernandez, McDonald, Divilbiss, et al., 2008; Lengnick-Hall, Gaunt, & Kulkarni, 2008; Domzal, Houtenville, & Sharma, 2008). The trepidation among cautious employers is typically driven by (1) fears of egregious costs (even if unfounded), (2) a poor understanding of what accommodations are and how they might help, (3) difficulty in setting up proper accommodations, and (4) little support from the outside world to guide these decisions and processes (Schur, Nishii, Adya, et al., 2014; Gamble, Dowler, & Orslene, 2006). The papers in this presentation symposium explore the topic of accommodations from several different perspectives. In the first presentation, the authors ask, how do accommodations specifically associated with Assistive Technologies (AT) come across to potential employers? They study hypothetical job candidates with and without disabilities and with and without requests for accommodations to evaluate reaction on trust, risk, and employability. Quantitative and qualitative results show that the request for accommodations, in general, is problematic. And while using AT seems to have some benefits for perceptions of trust, it is still perceived as risky and does not categorically improve employability ratings. This paper highlights that there is still work that needs to be done to minimize the fears associated with accommodation requests. In the second presentation, the authors ask, what are the ethical concerns associated with assistive devices? For example, camera-based devices that convert visual information into auditory input for a blind employee may be resisted by the user’s workgroup if they see it as a potential source of surveillance that can cause career and social repercussions for them (Denning, Dehlawi, & Kohno, 2014). Or, in sports-related employment, devices (e.g., prosthetic legs) that might confer added advantages are likely to be viewed as unethical by able-bodied competitors (Burkett, McNamee, & Potthast, 2011). The provision of such devices raises questions of fair eligibility versus entitlement. This question is further complicated by assistive devices, such as cochlear implants, that become a part of the person themselves (Christie & Bloustien, 2010). Business, legal, and ethical arguments arise when considering such accommodation requests. In the third presentation, the authors ask, what types of workers are most likely to request and receive workplace accommodations? Using an intersectional lens, the authors explore differences in particular for those with multiple marginalized identities such as older women and people of color (POC). This study compares the results from a survey of legal professionals to a representative sample of 38,000 employed people in the US. Using the 2021 Current Population Survey (CPS) Disability Supplement, the authors investigate who is more likely to request workplace accommodations and have such requests granted. In the fourth presentation, the authors ask, do workplace accommodations help workers with Long Covid maintain their attachment to and advance in the labor force? The analysis will use data from the American Community Survey and Current Population Survey to track the absolute and relative incidence of people with cognitive and mental health impairments, with a focus on differentials by gender and race/ethnicity. The authors triangulate this analysis with data on Long Covid from the Household Pulse Survey and the Patient-Led Research Collaborative. The paper concludes with a close investigation of relevant accommodations in the workplace, including remote work, shorter workdays, and flexible scheduling. Neat gizmo!/That looks scary: Employer reactions to assistive technology Author: Mason Ameri; Rutgers Business School Author: Terri R Kurtzberg; Rutgers Business School The ethics of assistive devices and the shifting boundaries of disability Author: Mukta Kulkarni; Indian Institute of Management, Bangalore Author: David Baldridge; Oregon State U. Workplace accommodations through an intersectional lens Author: Fitore Hyseni; Syracuse U. Author: Nanette Goodman; Syracuse U. Long Covid symptoms, disability, and accommodations: An intersectional analysis Author: Jennifer Cohen; Miami U. Author: Yana Van Der Meulen Rodgers; Rutgers U., School of Management and Labor Relations

Plant domestication and movement are large contributors to the success of new diseases. The introduction of new host species can result in accelerated evolutionary changes in pathogens, affecting long-established coevolutionary dynamics. This has been observed in poplars where severe epidemics of pathogens that were innocuous in their natural pathosystems occurred following host domestication. The North American fungus Sphaerulina musiva is responsible for endemic leaf spots on Populus deltoides. We show that the expansion of poplar cultivation resulted in the emergence of a new lineage of this pathogen that causes stem infections on a new host, P. balsamifera. This suggests a host shift since this is not a known host. Genome analysis of this emerging lineage reveals a mosaic pattern with islands of diversity separated by fixed genome regions, which is consistent with a homoploid hybridization event between two individuals that produced a hybrid swarm. Genome regions of extreme divergence and low diversity are enriched in genes involved in host-pathogen interactions. The specialization of this emerging lineage to a new host and its clonal propagation represents a serious threat to poplars and could affect both natural and planted forests. This work provides a clear example of the changes created by the intensification of tree cultivation that facilitate the emergence of specialized pathogens, jeopardizing the natural equilibrium between hosts and pathogens. This article is part of the theme issue 'Infectious disease ecology and evolution in a changing world'.

Cultivating high-quality social relationships is key to building a better workplace and a better society. Yet, in today’s uncertain and face-paced environment, modern organizations and their leaders are facing unprecedented challenges in doing so. This symposium comprises five papers that examine virtuous emotions, virtuous actions, and/or tensions inherent in social relationships to shed light on challenges in building positive and healthy workplace. The papers employ diverse theoretical perspectives (e.g., social learning theory, risk regulation theory, social comparison theory, ambivalence theories), theoretical foci (e.g., trickle-down effects, leader-follower congruence, a third party’s countervailing reactions, the intra- or interpersonal influence of ambivalence), methods (e.g., scale development, multi-wave survey, experimentation, qualitative methods), and study populations (e.g., racial minorities, working mothers). Together, five papers in this symposium highlight some intriguing and complex issues related to virtuous emotions, virtuous actions, and tensions in social relationships and provide insights into the challenges and useful ways of relationship management. The Ripple Effect of Gratitude Presenter: Lauren Rachel Locklear; Texas Tech U. Presenter: Meghan Kane; U. of Central Florida Presenter: Mark G. Ehrhart; U. of Central Florida The Impact of Supervisor Gratitude Expressions on Subordinate Feelings of Appreciation and Voice Presenter: Dejun Kong; U. of Colorado Boulder Presenter: Sharon Sheridan; College of Business, Clemson U. Presenter: Liuba Belkin; Lehigh U. Presenter: Maureen L. Ambrose; U. of Central Florida Presenter: William J. Becker; Virginia Tech Majority Group Observers’ Reactions to Acts of Oppositional Courage for Social Equity Presenter: Christian Noble Thoroughgood; Georgia State U., J. Mack Robinson College of Business Presenter: Dejun Kong; U. of Colorado Boulder Presenter: Katina Sawyer; George Washington U. Presenter: Jennica R. Webster; Marquette U. Presenter: Paige Watson; Clemson U. An Ambivalent Story: Implications of Simultaneously Agreeing and Disagreeing with Stereotypes Presenter: Laura Rees; Oregon State U. Presenter: Allie Freshley; Queen’s U. The Relational Contexts that Harness the Benefits of Leader Emotional Ambivalence on Engagement Presenter: Jamie Strassman; U. of Texas at Austin Presenter: Kate Walsh; U. of Wisconsin-Madison Presenter: Jean-Nicolas Reyt; McGill U.