Orel State University named after I.S. Turgenev

Introduction. Traffic accidents are a leading cause of death. In 2024, 19,940 people were killed in accidents in the EU, while in Russia this number amounts to 14,400 people. A significant proportion of accidents are associated with dangerous maneuvers: abrupt lane changes, overtaking, emergency braking, and running red lights. Traditional monitoring methods are limited by cost and scalability. The goal of this research is to develop a system for automatic detection and classification of dangerous maneuvers based on video data obtained with YOLOv8 and Deep SORT. Materials and Methods. A system consisting of four modules is proposed: a modified YOLOv8n (with a P2 layer, LW_C2f, Wise-IoU) for vehicle detection; an optimized Deep SORT for tracking; trajectory analysis with camera calibration; maneuver classification based on acceleration thresholds (0.35g for lane change, 0.30g for braking), lane marking crossing, and traffic light status (YOLOv8). The system was trained on 45,000 vehicle images and on 20,000 images for re-ID. Results . Testing of 150 hours of video (various conditions) has shown the following results: mAP vehicle detection – 92.7%, MOTA tracking – 86.3%, maneuver classification accuracy – 89.3% (F1: lane change – 89.4%, braking – 89.7%, red light – 85.2%) at 28 FPS on RTX 3070. Latency – 0.12 s. Discussion and conclusions. The system under investigation is superior to similar systems in speed and maneuver coverage, and is suitable for ITS applications. Limitations refer to decreased accuracy in foggy or rainy weather. Further research can lead to expanding the class range, edge computing, and risk prediction. The system implementation will reduce accidents and results in automated traffic enforcement.

This article discusses the problems associated with bus passenger seats, analyzes the structure of the passenger seat of a long-distance bus, and proposes a draft mechanism for adjusting the position of the passenger seat using a hydraulic jack. An assessment of the effectiveness of its use is given.

Relevance. The digitalization of the economy is a defining vector for the transformation of all spheres of life. The effective development of the digital innovation ecosystem of the region's economy largely depends on the use of digital platforms as an infrastructure core that ensures the interaction of key participants in the innovation process – the state, business and society. The purpose is to reveal the importance of digital platforms as a tool for developing the digital innovation ecosystem of the region's economy. Objectives: to systematize approaches to the interpretation of the concept of "digital platform"; to identify key characteristics and functions of digital platforms; to determine their place and role in the architecture of the digital innovation ecosystem of the region's economy. Methodology. The research uses methods of analysis and synthesis, logical and comparative generalization, as well as system, network and integration approaches. The empirical base consists of statistical data, as well as the results of the author's generalization of the scientific positions of various researchers on the stated issues. Results. As a result of the theoretical analysis, the interpretations of the concept of "digital platform" are systematized, and the key characteristics are summarized. The place of digital platforms in the architecture of the digital innovation ecosystem of the region's economy has been clarified. The expediency of using platforms in the context of increasing the adaptability of the regional economy to digital challenges and achieving a synergistic effect from the interaction of participants is substantiated. Conclusions. Digital platforms are a critical component of the digital innovation ecosystem of the region's economy, ensuring the transmission of network interactions, reducing transaction costs and creating new consumer value in the context of digital transformation. Their use helps to expand the channels of interaction between the subjects of the innovation process, accelerates data exchange and increases the transparency of communications. Collectively, these effects enhance the adaptive capabilities of the regional economy, create institutional conditions for the growth of entrepreneurial activity and ensure long-term sustainability.

Objective : to develop and test a methodology for studying the state of the regional market of tourism services (RMTS); to apply the methodology to identify and analyze the problems of RMTS development in Orel oblast. Methods : the research is based on a systematic approach. The author used a set of general scientific and general logical methods (analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization, classification, systematization), as well as statistical analysis. The methodology involves the collection and comparison of data from official sources (Federal Tax Service, Rosstat, UIISS, sector registers of the Russian Ministry of Economic Development), and analytical digital services (Yandex.Wordstat). Results : the author analyzed the approaches to studying the state of regional markets of tourist services in Russia, sources and systems of indicators used. The study substantiates the need to take into account the specifics of the RMTS formation under the modern conditions; to systematically use a wider range of sources and a system of indicators when analyzing its state to make decisions on formation and development. The author developed a methodology for studying the state of the regional market of tourist services, defined the research design, and detailed its content and sources of information. The methodology helped to identify the problems of RMTS functioning in Orel oblast. Scientific novelty : the author developed a methodology and design for studying the state of RMTS, which comprehensively reflects the modern market structure, the composition of its participants and their digital activity. Unlike existing approaches, the methodology integrates the analysis of data from government and commercial digital resources and directly links the diagnosis with the identification of specific functioning problems. Practical significance : the identified problem areas and specific problems of the RMTS in Orel oblast provide the executive authorities and the business community with an objective basis for developing targeted solutions and regulatory mechanisms aimed at boosting tourism and economic growth in the region. The methodology can be applied to analyze other regional markets.

Relevance. Probiotic-based starter cultures are used to improve the quality and safety of whole-grain bread. The aim of the study is to use plant substrates with prebiotic properties as fermentation media. Whole-grain buckwheat flour, rich in antioxidants, essential amino acids, vitamins and minerals, can serve as such a substrate. Fermentation using probiotic starter cultures in whole grain bread technology increases the bioavailability of active compounds, nutritional value and microbiological safety of the product. Methods. Experimental data are presented on the effect of whole-milled buckwheat flour on the growth of lactic acid bacteria and a probiotic yeast strain during the production of thick starter cultures. The antagonistic properties of starter microorganisms against Bacillus subtilis and mold fungi of the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium, Mucor, and Rhizopus were studied, along with the fermentative activity of the starter. The optimal dosage of thick buckwheat probiotic starter for whole wheat bread production was determined, along with the amino acid composition and antioxidant activity of the resulting bread. Results . It was found that starter strains developed better in a medium made from the Bashkir Red-Stem buckwheat variety. Antagonistic activity of the studied lactic acid bacteria and yeast strains was observed against Bacillus subtilis VKM-B-501 and certain mold strains of Aspergillus, Penicillium, Mucor, and Rhizopus. The most promising lactic acid bacteria strains were selected for creating a thick buckwheat probiotic starter. The starter was deemed suitable for baking applications. The optimal amount of thick buckwheat probiotic starter was 40% of the mass of dispersed wheat grain. Using this starter in whole wheat bread technology resulted in bread with enhanced antioxidant activity and a more balanced amino acid profile.

Background. Resistance to antiplatelet therapy increases the likelihood of cardiovascular complications and coronary death. Overcoming resistance to acetylsalicylic acid helps reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular events in the future. Purpose. To evaluate the effectiveness of the enteric-coated form of acetylsalicylic acid in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease and to consider ways to overcome resistance to it. Materials and methods. In order to assess the initial level of platelet aggregation activity, 74 patients were examined, 54 of whom formed the main group of patients with chronic coronary heart disease and 20 patients formed the control group. Results. Initially, the level of platelet aggregation activity between the groups differed significantly. The differences persisted after the use of Thrombo ASS 100 mg/day, which suggested low efficiency of antiplatelet therapy in some patients. Combined use of acetylsalicylic acid and lipid-lowering therapy, along with high motivation of patients for drug treatment, led to an additional decrease in platelet aggregation activity and a decrease in resistance to it. Conclusion. The results of the study indicate that patients with chronic coronary heart disease have significantly increased platelet aggregation activity. The use of lipid-lowering therapy and high adherence to drug treatment significantly increases the effectiveness of antiplatelet therapy.

The article examines the ideas of the XXI century traditionalism and assesses their significance for analysing the problems of modern state administration. It substantiates the natural appeal to tradition as a source of stability and continuity in the context of globalisation, digitalisation, crisis of trust in institutions, and fragmentation of cultural space. Drawing on the Russian Federation’s historical experience and global philosophical thought, the authors argue that periods of crisis and geopolitical instability encourage the return to traditional foundations that can serve as integrative and legitimising elements in the political order. The focus is on the works of the classics of traditionalism, such as R. Génon, J. Evola, F. Schuon, and M. Eliade, who offered a systematic critique of modern and postmodern. They emphasised the destruction of the sacred and cultural foundations of society under the influence of liberalism, secularism, and globalist unification. Modern interpretations of traditionalism, presented by A. de Benoist, D. Venner, and A.G. Dugin, link these ideas to the problems of information sovereignty, cultural identity, and sustainability of states in the context of globalisation. The authors emphasise that traditionalism cannot be considered as a practical programme for state-building, but its analytical potential lies in the ability to critically examine the categories of power, legitimacy, hierarchy, and relationship between tradition and innovation. It allows us to identify the vulnerabilities of liberal-democratic models, analyse the limits of democratic procedures in unstable environments, and explore cultural identity as a resource for political consolidation. In this way, the ideas of traditionalism are not so much an alternative to modern as an intellectual counter-position that expands the methodological toolkit of political science. Their study contributes to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of legitimising power and finding sustainable models of public administration in the face of the global challenges of the XXI century.

An analytical review of the prospects to use liquid friction bearings in rotation drives of promising wind power generators is carried out. The description of the structure and functionality of an experimental stand for studying the characteristics of hydrodynamic satellite axle beds of a planetary gearbox of a powerful wind turbine drive is presented. The method of measuring the main parameters and methods of processing experimental data are considered. The results of experimental studies are analyzed, and recommendations are proposed for ensuring a long-term resource in conditions of the required load capacity and energy efficiency.