Oslo School of Architecture and Design

Service design has increased its attention on healthcare services in both research and practice. Despite the promise of considering the wellbeing of all actors involved in these services, it is very much the patient that is ‘focal actor’, with healthcare workers (HCWs) often being marginalised in these processes. Concurrently, diminished wellbeing of HCWs is leading to burnout and in turn medical errors that seriously impact patients and the healthcare service system. This paper reports on explorative, transdisciplinary design research that makes the HCWs the focal actor of the process and looks to design service rituals as an approach to at-work recovery. It contributes by offering insight into the development process of a replicable and transferable approach for service ritual in critical service systems. It offers reflection on this process whilst introducing the concept of ‘design for coping’ for those tasked with delivering our vital service systems.

Despite its intuitive allure, complexity is problematic to define, assess, and measure objectively. This counterintuitive realization clashes with the fact that complexity and its evaluation play a relevant, if not vital, role in everyday life and almost every kind of endeavor. Within the broad study of the different types of complexity, topological complexity refers to how intricate shapes and forms are, a highly relevant parameter for design and production. This paper advances a functional approach to define, delimit, and evaluate topological complexity for manufacturing purposes. Based on this assessment, we discuss how additive manufacturing (AM) technologies can be used to deal with the research, design, and production hurdles that topological complexity poses. Finally, experimentation with AM wind musical instruments is presented and discussed as a case study of how this has been achieved in practice.

ABSTRACT In response to the recent trend of implementing less stringent climate control practices for museum exhibition and storage areas, issues related to the conservation of soft and dripping paints need to be addressed. Soft and dripping paint has been documented in paintings created by more than 30 Western artists between 1917 and 2008, with the majority executed in the twentieth century. For conservators, it is important to recognize the condition issues as they indicate several kinds of sensitivities to high relative humidity, transportation, vibration, touch, and solvents. Risks connected to soft oil paint are an understudied area. Through novel nanoindentation testing of micro samples, performed in a climatic chamber, a correlation has been established between increased relative humidity and increasing softening for soft bone black paints identified in oil paintings by Asger Jorn (1914–1973) and Karel Appel (1921–2006). These paints were also tested for dynamic vapor sorption (DVS) to determine their moisture sorption isotherms. This paper will discuss what these new nanoindentation findings can mean for preventive conservation of paintings composed of soft and dripping paints.

A circular development in cities aims to create ecologically regenerative and resilient environments to transition towards a more sustainable future. This involves rethinking how we design, build, and disassemble, favoring reuse and regenerative cycles. The result is longer building lifespans and, therefore, helps reduce CO₂ emissions from the construction sector. For architects and city planners, the challenge lies in balancing between developing densification strategies to limit urban sprawl with preserving the built environment by extending lifecycles. How does densification affect the demolition and lifespan of buildings in neighborhoods, and what are the possible circular transformations? The objectives of this research are to discuss changes in the built environment in relation to densification strategies and reflect on how these changes might support or hinder circular practices. The paper explores the evolution in building stock over time, using the city of Trondheim, Norway, as a case study. First, data on the existing building stock is analyzed to understand the location and age of various building types across different neighborhoods. Buildings are classified into five categories: low-density housing, high-density housing, public services, industrial and work-related buildings, leisure, and smaller constructions (such as garages, cabins, or sheds). This data is then compared with historical records of buildings being demolished and newly built structures from 2012 to 2021 to trace the transformation of the built environment. It includes information on building type, square meters, construction and demolition dates, and location. The data collected from the municipal cadaster is visualised using Geographical Information System (GIS) software to support a spatial neighborhood-based analysis. The results first present differences in the number of demolitions, building projects, and densification across city areas. Next, the study examines the age distribution within the five building categories. Two main findings emerge: variations in the neighborhood densification over the past decade, and differences in building lifespans across areas. This analysis supports projections for future urban developments, and identifies opportunities for circularity. Additionally, comparing the age of the current building stock with that of demolished buildings highlights the premature obsolescence of certain building types. The findings show that some categories are more prone to demolition or new construction. These results are discussed alongside urban planning and densification strategies, offering policy insights and supporting a contextualised approach to circular development.

High-quality collaboration is crucial for safety in safety-critical operations such as ship navigation. Presenting key task information in Augmented Reality (AR) could aid collaboration by facilitating Situation Awareness (SA) and communication about SA. A preregistered, forty-participant, between-group experiment was conducted. Participants performed the role of ship bridge lookout in two different navigation scenarios simulated in virtual reality, under two conditions: one with conventional navigation equipment and one with navigation equipment enhanced with AR features. We measured SA, communication about SA, usability, and reflections on AR for ship navigation. SA and the frequency of communication about SA were higher in the AR condition. The AR prototype was judged as usable. Participants indicated advantages and disadvantages of AR for ship navigation and suggested directions for further research and development. These findings suggest that AR can facilitate shared situation awareness and collaboration in safety-critical operations like ship navigation.

While Norberg-Schulz’s theory of genius loci has garnered significant attention, his fascination with the baroque—particularly the Bohemian baroque of Kilian Ignaz Dientzenhofer and the baroque-inspired designs of Paolo Portoghesi—has been largely overlooked. Norberg-Schulz’s passion for the baroque is noteworthy for its timing, as he explored the works of Dientzenhofer and Portoghesi through research-driven teaching between 1963 and 1968, the formative years of the 1968 generation. This article unpacks Norberg-Schulz’s studies of the baroque as profoundly opaque, revealing first that his examination of Dientzenhofer’s relevance for contemporary architecture was “contaminated” by what Norberg-Schulz learned from Giedion and Portoghesi. The second part focuses on the formal lessons of “complexity and contradiction” that Norberg-Schulz extracted from Dientzenhofer’s “pulsating” buildings. In its third section, this article explores Norberg-Schulz as a teacher and examines how his dense and apolitical interpretation of the baroque entangled with political “obedient disobedience” among the 1968 generation.

Inclusiveness is a principle of our current school system. Inclusive education should ensure equal learning opportunities for all, avoid stigmatising differences, and accept diversity in pupils. The goals are promising, but the implementation of inclusive education is a wicked problem intertwined with student, teacher, school community and wider societal factors that are difficult to manage and reconcile. Can the goals of inclusive education to be achieved or will inclusiveness of schools lead to a situation where the conditions for learning, school practices and teaching resources are further stretched and learning for all becomes more narrowly focused? This article examines inclusive education as a wicked problem and how this perspective can aid in managing the inclusive education challenge at hand and how systemic design approach and service design can tackle these challenges. There will be provided four practical challenges where the proposed approaches and tools can be especially useful.

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