Pakistan Army

This study investigates the impact of workplace ostracism on job performance, with a focus on the moderating role of emotional intelligence. Using a quantitative research design, the study collected data through purposive sampling from a sample of 170 university employees (102 females, 68 males), Participants complete questionnaires measuring workplace ostracism, job performance, and emotional intelligence using Workplace Ostracism scale, Job Performance scale, and the Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence scale. In SPSS data were analyzed using Pearson Correlation, one-way ANOVA, independent sample t-test, regression and the PROCESS macro. Findings indicate a significant negative correlation between workplace ostracism and job performance. Additionally, a negative correlation exists between workplace ostracism and emotional intelligence, whereas emotional intelligence and job performance showed a significant positive correlation. Results further indicated that less experienced employees experienced higher workplace ostracism than more experienced ones, and age and qualification levels also varied. However, emotional intelligence does not moderate the relationship between workplace ostracism and job performance suggesting that emotional intelligence alone may not be sufficient to mitigate its effects. The study emphasizes fostering inclusive workplaces and enhancing emotional intelligence training to improve job performance.

Abstract Introduction: Non-prescription sale of controlled medicines is a growing public health problem, especially amongst low-middle-income countries, not helped by weak regulatory enforcement. Consequently, controlled medicines continue to be purchased without a prescription, exacerbating misuse and increasing morbidity and mortality. Currently, little is known about this in Pakistan. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of non-prescription dispensing of controlled medicines in Pakistan. Materials and Methods: A multicentre, cross-sectional study using simulated clients (SC) was conducted in Lahore, Pakistan. SC visited 378 drug outlets (285 pharmacies and 93 medical stores) to purchase controlled medicines without providing a prescription. Data about dispensing, interactions and grounds for refusal were acquired. Results: About 61.9% of outlets dispensed controlled medicines without a prescription. The most commonly dispensed controlled medicines were tramadol (29.5%), followed by codeine (26.1%) and alprazolam (23.1%). There was no significant difference in non-prescription dispensing between pharmacies and medical stores. However, outlets lacking licenced personnel were significantly more likely to dispense controlled drugs without a prescription ( P = 0.049). Refusals were mainly due to prescription requirements (55.6%) or product unavailability (44.4%). Conclusions: There was appreciable dispensing of controlled medicines without a prescription, greater when licenced personnel were not present. Enhanced regulatory enforcement and increased presence of certified personnel are necessary going forward.

Abstract In this study, we showcase a case examination, emphasizing the importance of dispersion crossover analysis from cross-dipole sonic data in a cased hole environment by using the slowness-frequency domain, utilizing two vertical wells drilled in the Tal block located in the northern region of Pakistan with highly complex geological conditions. Dispersion analysis is employed to distinguish the source of anisotropy by examining the fast and slow shear responses in low porosity Carbonates and Sandstone to identify fractures, their orientation, and the direction of maximum horizontal stress.

Unlike any other, this study investigated how possible innovative nutritional labeling techniques affected consumers' intentions to purchase packaged food products. These elements included; the effects of employing color markings, QR codes, sensors, smart expiration dates, halal emblems, clear disclaimers, and larger print sizes through which a study could identified key factors that boosted consumer confidence and transparency in the product. The study also ascertained how catchy cartoon characters or celebrities feature on labels would also tempted the young audience into resulting in purchasing decisions. According to results 59.9% consumers claimed they were willing to pay more for such products and 51.2% consumers say these changes affected their willingness to buy. Price was still a major determinant for some individuals, but because of demographic analysis, women and those educated to a higher level are ready to embrace these features. From these outcomes, it can be inferred that inclusive, clear, culturally appropriate, and personal labeling mechanisms had a substantial impact on consumer decisions. Therefore, this report calls for further research on regional differences and digital labeling technologies towards firm-targeted strategies.

The ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily B1 (ABCB1) gene is responsible for encoding the permeability glycoprotein (P-gp), a crucial protein involved in multidrug resistance. P-gp functions as an ATP-dependent efflux pump, actively removing diverse substances, including carcinogens, from cells. However, a specific genetic variation called the C3435T polymorphism of the ABCB1 gene has been linked to reduced plasma levels of P-gp substrates. This genetic variation leads to the accumulation of harmful compounds within cells, which may increase susceptibility to hematological malignancies. This study aims to determine the frequency of ABCB1 gene polymorphism C3435T (rs1045642) in acute myeloid leukemia patients at tertiary care hospitals in Lahore, Pakistan. A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted to investigate the association between ABCB1 gene polymorphism (C3435T) and acute myeloid leukemia. A total of 100 samples (50 cases and 50 healthy controls) were genotyped using restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. The TT genotype of ABCB1 C3435T was more prevalent in cases (62%) compared to the control group (20%). In different genetic models, the TT genotype was significantly associated with acute myeloid leukemia when compared to the CC and CT genotypes. This study suggests that the TT genotype of the ABCB1 C3435T gene polymorphism is more strongly associated with acute myeloid leukemia compared to controls. This specific genotype may contribute to the development or progression of this malignancy. Further research is needed to explore the functional implications of this genetic variation in the pathogenesis.

Mesenchymal stem cells, Diabetic nephropathy, Glomerular filtration rate.

The PAFMJ is one of the few South Asian biomedical journals that was created within the original framework of military and civilian collaboration within the medical field.1 The first volume of the PAFMJ was published with very few resources and personnel; however, it laid the foundation for a strong future. By the time it completed its first decade of publication (1950-1965), the PAFMJ had already published over one hundred scientific papers in a wide variety of newly emerging areas of medicine, such as pathology, virology, and tropical medicine.2 These early contributions were made by a small group of people, usually done on typewriters, and demonstrated an enormous amount of perseverance and curiosity that has led to the success of the PAFMJ today. Between the years 1970 to 2000, PAFMJ transitioned from an institutional newsletter to an organized, nationally recognized medical journal. The establishment of the Army Medical College and Department of Basic Medical Sciences in the late 1970s created the foundation for the journal’s institutionalization. In addition, the 1990s witnessed dramatic changes that significantly improved the quality and credibility of PAFMJ. These changes included the establishment of an Editorial Advisory Board, under the direction of Surg Gen DGMS(IS), and adherence to best practices for medical journals (e.g., adoption of Vancouver style for references and implementation of a strict policy of double-blind peerreviewed evaluations to eliminate bias in manuscript evaluations. In keeping with these changes, PAFMJ expanded its publication cycle to a regular quarterly format, whereas, before this, it was published sporadically. Thus, by 2005, PAFMJ had become a regular, and therefore a mainstay, scientific journal in the biomedical sciences of Pakistan with four issues published each year by following the ICMJE and COPE standards for editorial processes.3

Vaccines are essential health interventions that have become a cost-effective tool for maintaining public health. Access to vaccines in Nigeria and other developing countries is, however, affected by various relevant issues, including insufficient supply, inequitable distribution, vaccine hesitancy, and a lack of local manufacturing capacity. This study, therefore, aimed to gain an in-depth understanding of the challenges impeding vaccine production in Nigeria, taking lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic. A qualitative study was undertaken using a purposive sampling strategy to recruit key stakeholders across Nigeria's vaccine value chain. Interviews were carried out using a semi-structured interview guide. Relevant stakeholders with varying levels of experience across the vaccine value chain were interviewed to ensure that robust and comprehensive data were obtained. The data collected were subjected to thematic analysis, following the interpretivist tradition. Throughout the study, trustworthiness was assured by adopting relevant processes such as data triangulation, reflexive and audit trails. Ethical approval was obtained from the National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development Health Research Ethics Committee prior to the commencement of data collection. This study revealed eight thematic areas underpinning the gaps associated with local vaccine production in Nigeria. Challenges included limited capacity, inadequate research and development, infrastructure deficits, and a sub-optimal environment for vaccine development. Furthermore, the challenges associated with commercialisation and distribution were identified. Findings also revealed a lack of critical factors required for expediting vaccine manufacturing in Nigeria, including poor commitment to collaboration, an absence of sustainability policies and sub-optimal legislation. The study provides insight into systemic and structural barriers to local vaccine production in Nigeria. It identifies key areas requiring urgent intervention, which include funding, infrastructure, human capacity, and regulatory reform. Addressing these gaps through multi-level strategies is critical for improving vaccine self-sufficiency. Evidence from this study can help develop contextual strategies that will expedite vaccine production and Medicines' Security in Nigeria.

This paper develops a representation of a sequence in terms of sample of its short-time Fourier transform and synthesis of the original se- quence. Here, the problem of chord detection where one wishes to identify play chords in a music life is discussed. By investigation, the DFT along side an application in music processing. Finally, the method of Discrete Fourier transform (DFT) are considered as special cases of this representation.