Partium Christian University

A tanulmány azokat a potenciális társadalmi, gazdasági és térszerkezeti változásokat mutatja be, amelyek Horvátország (2023. január 1.) és Románia (2025. január1.) schengeni övezethez történő csatlakozásából adódhatnak. A vizsgálat hangsúlyt helyez a magyar-román és magyar-horvát határszakaszok eltérő földrajzi, társadalmi és gazdasági jellemzőinek, valamint különböző integrációs motivációinak az elemzésére. Ezek a szempontok együttesen segítik a határon átnyúló együttműködések jövőbeli fejlődési irányainak felvázolását. A tanulmány bevezető részében ismertetjük az Európai Unió schengeni integrációjának általános jelentőségét: rávilágítunk arra, hogy a helyi adottságok jelentős mértékben befolyásolhatják az integráció eredményességét a különböző határszakaszokon. Ezt követően összefoglaljuk a magyar-román és a magyar-horvát határvidékek legfontosabb földrajzi, társadalmi és gazdasági sajátosságait. Az összehasonlítást, illetve a két határszakasz jellemzőinek kiértékelését öt dimenzió (határ menti népességsúly, városi vonzás, infrastruktúra, határforgalom és kulturális összetevő) mentén, benchmarking módszerrel végezzük el. A kutatás újszerűsége abban rejlik, hogy a két, eltérő időpontban megvalósult schengeni csatlakozás összehasonlításán keresztül bemutatjuk a határ menti integráció különböző dimenzióit, és ezáltal olyan referencia‐keretet kínálunk, amely iránymutató lehet a más európai határtérségekben végzett vizsgálatok számára is.

Using game-based learning (GBL), especially digital game-based learning (DGBL), as a teaching and learning environment can be a pedagogical resource and a good strategy in the classroom to support mathematical learning. Effective manipulatives and games play a crucial role in promoting mathematical understanding. They support students in building, reinforcing and connecting varied representations of mathematical concepts. High-quality games are particularly valuable for learners as they provide them with control and adaptability. These games have properties that are adapted to cognitive and mathematical structures, facilitating the development of connections between different pieces and forms of knowledge. Digital games can help to achieve the same effects. In this paper, we conduct a quasi-experiment using games developed for this purpose. Our aim is to investigate whether non-digital games vs. digital games yield different results. Our results indicate that while students enjoyed themselves and found the task-solving enjoyable during both types of game-based learning, the use of non-digital games vs. digital games can sometimes lead to different outcomes.

Abstract Tax evasion is reducing the revenues of public budgets of many European Union (EU) Member States (MS). To improve the effectiveness of tax collection, during the last decade authorities in several MS have taken measures to reduce the value added tax (VAT) gap (i.e., revenue received as a percentage of theoretical liability). In the Central and Eastern European region, VAT gap reduction measures have been implemented effectively in Hungary and Poland, whereas in Romania the effectiveness of these measures is very low: Romania has been the worst-performing EU MS in collecting VAT for more than 10 years. Our study analyses the factors influencing this VAT gap. Our analysis relied mainly on a fixed effects panel regression model, using for a balanced panel an individual and time fixed-effects with cluster-robust standard errors model, and for the unbalanced panel the fixed-effects regression with individual-specific slopes. Our results show that the size of the VAT gap is primarily influenced by five variables: the transparency index, the tax collection ratio, the law enforcement index, the VAT revenues ratio and the digitisation index.

A well-functioning public transport system is one of the foundations of the Smart city concept and sustainable cities. The COVID period offers an excellent opportunity to examine the impact of different factors, because throughout this period society was faced with both health and governmental impacts that had different effects. Public transport use in the EU member states from the turn of the millennium until the beginning of the pandemic ranged from 17–18% to 27% of total journeys. The COVID-19 virus caused a 5–7% decrease in public transport use. The present study analyses the relationship between these effects and the number of paying passengers on public transport in Debrecen. Four hypotheses were put forward, i.e., that (1) the evolution of travel tickets, (2) general passes, (3) discounted passes and (4) replacement tickets were influenced by the evolution of the active COVID-19 case rate. The data were collected from the Debrecen Transport Company (DKV) for the period 1 January 2020–12 December 2021, and the Worldometers.info database. Statistical analyses were performed using an autoregressive and moving average (ARMA) model. We found that COVID’s active case numbers did not affect sales, but some of the government measures did have an effect. The results of this research can be used to inform future decisions to maintain and improve urban transport.

Einstein's theory of relativity affected how time was viewed in physics, but it also had a major influence on the arts. Relativity widened the horizons of representation of time. Not only did it weave through the story in the linear presentation of the chronology of events, as that supposed the existence of one fixed point of view. Relativity allowed for various points of view to be applied when representing time. Thus, time is more than a cinematic narrative element or a system of measurement, a) it may be the subject matter of a film that is about time, b) still as the subject matter of the film, it may weave into the fabric of the narrative, c) on a metanarrative level, it could be the artistic representation of the theory of relativity as they show a disrupted linear presentation of the plot. Films like In Time, Minority Report, Déjà vu, Tenet, 21 Grams, and Memento will be used to illustrate situations in which time is present in the cinematic narrative on more than the level of the chronology of events. A close reading of the cinematic texts will prove that time enriches not only the structure but also the content of films.

Over the past decade, there has been significant progress in the field of artificial intelligence (AI), marking it as an emerging technology with potential significance in the realm of education. It is poised to assume a substantial role in both the processes of teaching and learning in the immediate future. This study aims to delineate the viewpoints of university students pertaining to the concept of artificial intelligence. To this end, an online survey was conducted among students enrolled at Partium Christian University in Romania. The survey sought to gauge students' level of awareness regarding AI, the sources they utilize for acquiring knowledge about AI, their feelings toward AI, their perspectives on its potential impact across various domains, its primary advantages within the educational, teaching, and learning contexts, and also the potential drawbacks AI might bring to the educational sphere. This research is an integral component of a broader investigation and is characterized by its exploratory nature. Our primary objective was to comprehend how students within our university perceive artificial intelligence and how they envision its role within education. For the purpose of data analysis, an open-source software was employed, enhancing the precision of capturing the students' viewpoints and sentiments regarding artificial intelligence. The outcomes closely align with findings documented in the international body of literature.

UNESCO has declared 2023 the Bolyai Memorial Year, to mark the 200th anniversary on 3 November 2023 of the famous letter from János Bolyai to his father in Timisoara, in which he told him that he had created "a new and different world out of nothing". According to Róbert Oláh-Gál: "The Bolyai-Sommázat is not a traditional biography of Bolyai or a volume presenting the work of the Bolyai, but a selection of writings which I believe have contributed to sharpening and clarifying the image of the Bolyai and correcting some biographical errors".The author has contributed to the research on the Bolyai through thirty years of archival research. A very important part of the book is the Bolyai chronology, in which we find out in great detail, even broken down by the day, when and where the Bolyai were, what happened to them over a period of almost a hundred years, between 1768 and 1860.

In recent decades, we have witnessed an increasingly widespread and complex use of the concept of resilience. The aim of the present study is to present a holistic concept of resilience that, thanks to its systems theory basis, can be applied very well in educational sciences, including research on teacher training, the institutional environment of teachers, their well-being at work, professional development, or even in the analysis of practical pedagogical situations. The dynamic interactive model of resilience (Shafi, & Templeton, 2020) allows for the examination of the resilience of learners, teachers and the institution, and even the examination of students, educators and teacher training institutions involved in teacher training. In the second part of the study, we present resilience development programs that have proven to be effective in teacher training and further training (BRiTE, ENTREE), which, with their complexity, are well suited to the dynamic interactive model of resilience discussed above.

The geographical occurrence of natural medicinal factors and their use in medical tourism, show differences in different countries and nations.The hydrogeological situation of Hungary is unique in Europe, thanks to the outstanding quantity and quality of medicinal waters.This natural healing factor provides the basis of the country's medical tourism and plays a prominent role in the spa treatment of musculoskeletal issues for patients.Due to the increasing value of health and the tourist importance of medicinal waters, the development of spa towns with a view to the sustainability of natural healing factors is becoming more and more important, for which it is important to reduce territorial inequalities.Accordingly, our research aims to map the territorial inequalities of Hungarian medicinal waters using the polarization and distribution indicators of territorial research.From our results, we concluded that the territorial inequality and concentration of medicinal waters, are relatively low in Hungary, which indicates a small territorial inequality.Among the country's NUTS3 areas, the counties of the Northern and Southern Great Plains region, Zala, Vas, and Heves County and Budapest, are the most developed, in terms of medicinal waters.On the one hand, these results provide guidelines for spa town decision-makers regarding the need to equalize territorial inequalities in the area of natural healing waters.On the other hand, our results can assist with the planning of further development of settlements along with the development of spa treatments, based on the local medicinal water.In addition, our results also highlight the need for further research on the topic, to ensure the optimal and sustainable use of medicinal waters, as well as to meet the needs of the public and the various service providers.

Social enterprises are given special attention from a scientific and public policy point of view. In everyday life, we see them as organizations that can provide solutions to various social problems. From an academic perspective, they represent a new research topic with its own interdisciplinary nature. They have been examined mainly from the point of view of management and organizational culture. In terms of scientific analysis, the newly developed research area of social economy and social enterprises is still in the conceptualization phase. The theoretical and methodological framework for research measurements need to be finalized. In this study, we seek to answer the question of how social economy—in particular, the perception of social enterprises in international and Romanian literature—is changing as a result of economic and social changes in space and time. We examine the factors along which definitions of the social enterprise within social economy are attempted, and the indicators that facilitate the investigation of the social impact of social enterprises.