Patna University

This research aims to improve cardiovascular disease diagnostic accuracy and interpretability by developing a multi-dimensional feature fusion model that captures the complex, multi-faceted nature of cardiovascular conditions. The framework integrates five modalities — Electrocardiogram (ECG), Photoplethysmography (PPG), echocardiogram video, heart sounds, and clinical text—using modality-specific neural networks for feature extraction. These features are consolidated via feature-level concatenation and processed through a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) classifier. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis was subsequently employed to evaluate individual modality contributions and ensure clinical transparency. Testing against public databases demonstrated a peak diagnostic accuracy of 96.8%. This performance significantly outperformed all unimodal and partial-modal benchmarks across key performance metrics, including precision, recall, and F1-score. To provide clinical interpretability, SHAP analysis was utilized to quantify the contribution of each modality to the final prediction. The analysis revealed that echocardiogram and ECG data provided the highest predictive power within the multi-modal framework. By successfully consolidating disparate biomedical signals, this approach provides a robust path for advanced diagnostics. Future development will focus on privacy-preserving architectures and the integration of these models into wearable technology for real-time, remote patient monitoring systems, ensuring the model remains viable for clinical environments. This framework uniquely integrates five distinct biomedical modalities with SHAP interpretability, establishing a revolutionary diagnostic path that outperforms traditional unimodal systems in both accuracy and clinical transparency.

We present a rare case of an unmarried woman in her mid-twenties with primary amenorrhoea who was found to have the unusual coexistence of mosaic Turner syndrome (45, XO/46, XX) and Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome with MURCS association (Müllerian agenesis, Renal anomalies, Cervicothoracic Somite dysplasia). The patient exhibited normal secondary sexual characteristics and was phenotypically female. The patient underwent successful laparoscopic Davydov vaginoplasty in anticipation of marriage. This case highlights the diagnostic complexity and management challenges associated with dual congenital anomalies that affect both gonadal and Müllerian development.

Abstract This study investigates the linear stability of mixed convection
flow of an Oldroyd-B viscoelastic fluid in a vertical porous channel
subjected to differential heating. To understand how thermal properties
influence stability, two representative Prandtl numbers, Pr = 0.7
and Pr = 7 are considered. The governing equations for basic flow and
generalised eigenvalue problem, based on the viscoelastic form of the
volume averaged Navier-Stokes equations, are solved using a spectral
collocation approach. The analysis shows that variations in Reynolds
number strongly impact the critical Grashof number (Gr′), the propagation
speed of disturbances, and the overall instability mechanisms.
The results further highlight that flow stability is governed by a delicate
balance between fluid elasticity, buoyancy-driven forces, and the
permeability of the porous medium. The fluids with lower Prandtl
number display a stronger sensitivity to elasticity effects and further,
the fluid elasticity has significant impact on the disturbance convection
patterns inside the channel. The nature of instability is commonly
found to be thermal-bouyant for the range of parameters considered
in this study.

Abstract Cultural literacy has become an essential competency for social integration and peaceful coexistence in increasingly diverse societies. While much scholarship highlights its philosophical foundations, fewer studies empirically examine its contribution to nation-building, especially within multicultural contexts such as Nigeria. This paper investigates the relationship between cultural literacy, humanities exposure, national unity, and social cohesion using a quantitative design involving 742 respondents drawn from tertiary institutions, secondary schools, and community groups. Results show that cultural literacy significantly predicts national unity and social cohesion, with humanities exposure exerting an indirect effect mediated through cultural literacy. The findings underscore the enduring importance of humanities education in strengthening civic values, mutual respect, and collective identity. The study contributes to a renewed understanding of humanities as a catalyst for nation-building in a world marked by diversity, fragmentation, and competing identities.

Abstract The ecological impact of metal contamination in the Yamuna riverine ecosystem has remained understudied. This multi-matrix investigation of cadmium, zinc, chromium, copper, lead, and iron contamination at six key sites along the river Yamuna, Delhi, in the winter, early-monsoon, and late-monsoon seasons (2022–2023). Results revealed strong seasonal variations in heavy metal levels, peaking during winter and declining in early monsoon. Various indices (heavy metal pollution index, contamination factor, and pollution load index) identified Batla House, Burari, and Kashmiri Gate as major contamination hotspots. The study highlighted the transfer of toxic metals from river water and soil into locally grown vegetables. The metal concentrations in the river water, soil, and vegetables were in the order of Fe > Zn > Cr > Ni > Cu > Pb > Cd, Fe > Zn > Cr > Cu > Ni > Pb > Cd, and Fe > Cr > Zn > Cd > Ni > Pb > Cu, respectively. In vegetables, Spinacia oleracea and Raphanus sativus exhibited the highest and lowest levels of contamination, respectively. Further, higher and lower levels of contamination were recorded during the 2nd and the 3rd sampling periods, respectively. Cd and Pb were high in all vegetables, while Zn, Cu, and Ni were below their permissible limits. This integrated assessment is among the first to connect heavy metal flux in the river at Delhi with contamination in adjacent soil and cultivated vegetables, posing significant public health risks and offering valuable insights for risk evaluation.