Pemaquid Oyster Company (United States)

Macroeconomic outcomes depend on the distribution of markups across firms and over time, making firm‐level markup estimates key for macroeconomic analysis. Methods to obtain these estimates require data on the prices that firms charge. Firm‐level data with wide coverage, however, primarily come from financial statements, which lack information on prices. We use an analytical framework to show that trends in markups over time or the dispersion of markups across firms can still be well‐measured with such data. Measuring the average level of the markup does require pricing data, and we propose a consistent estimator for such settings. We validate the analytical results using simulations of a quantitative macroeconomic model and offer supporting evidence from firm‐level administrative production and pricing data. Our analysis supports the use of financial data to measure trends in aggregate markups.

In many applications such as urban navigation and robotics, finding the shortest path in a 2D grid is crucial but computationally expensive using traditional optimal algorithms like Floyd-Warshall or Dijkstra. These traditional algorithms guarantee to find the shortest path at the cost of time complexity, leading to a time-consuming computation, particularly for large-scale grids. Non-optimal algorithms that trade accuracy for speed have emerged to address the issue. However, the impact of grid obstacle density on the accuracy of the algorithms has not been well understood. This paper presents a theoretical framework for evaluating the accuracy of two non-optimal algorithms. By integrating theoretical analysis with extensive experimental data, this paper demonstrates how obstacle density influences algorithm performance, and proposes a methodology to select the best non-optimal algorithms based on the grid obstacle density. The theoretical framework has practical implications for applications requiring rapid path finding in complex environments.

James Dickson teaches English and creative writing at Germantown High School, just outside of Jackson, Mississippi, where he lives with his wife and son. His poems, book reviews, and essays have appeared in The Common, Ruminate, The Louisiana Review, Spillway, Slant, Poetry Quarterly, and McSweeney's, among other publications, and his debut poetry collection, Some Sweet Vandal (Kelsay Books), was published in 2022. "Songbird" © 2024 by James Dickson. Contact the author on X: @SomeSweetVandal. Art of Nursing is coordinated by Christine Moffa, senior clinical editor: christine.[email protected].

O texto discute a violência contra os povos indígenas (PIs) no Brasil, caracterizada pela dinâmica histórica de ocupação territorial do país e da construção das instituições nacionais. Contrapondo mitos de cidadania e igualdade, o artigo explora as complexas camadas de significado por trás dessas violências, trazendo conceitos como etnocídio e necropolítica. Dividido em três partes, abrange aspectos gerais, indicadores quantitativos e um caso específico de violência: o assassinato de Bruno Pereira e Dom Phillips que exemplifica a teia de significados e subjetividades que permeiam as interconexões dos fenômenos e a multiplicidade de perspectivas envolvidas. Destaca-se a ideologia integracionista como uma sombra persistente, enfatizando a atualidade da violência política contra os indígenas na Amazônia.

Cancer of the tongue is an uncommon cancer site, with only 31,378 cases in the SEER 1975-2017 database, fewer than 1% of all reported cancers. This article updates trends in incidence, prevalence, short and long-term survival and mortality of tongue carcinoma.

Currently, the practice of bodybuilding is increasing among individuals, whether due to concern with aesthetics or the pursuit of a healthy lifestyle. However, information related to sports nutrition is scarce, leading to food myths among athletes and resulting in inadequate dietary consumption. The present study aims to analyze the form of nutrition and use of supplements by athletes who attend a gym located in the city of Natal/RN, aiming to contribute to the discussion about the presented theme. To achieve the objective, we have here an exploratory research, of a qualitative nature with content analysis and application of a questionnaire. Forty questionnaires were applied to Forty men between 18 and 45 years old, approached at the entrance of the gym. Among the results obtained, most respondents said they consume sweet potatoes with chicken and Whey Protein shakes pre-workout and post-workout, guided by a physical educator, internet, friends, and bodybuilders. This research concluded there wasn’t a perception of the differentiation around pre- and post-workout food for the athletes.

The objective of this paper was to examine potential factors contributing to smoking-related cancer mortality trends. Smoking associated cancer mortality data from 1970 to 2016 was extracted from the IARC Cancer Mortality Database and WHO Mortality Database. Data from the United States, Greece, Norway, Chile, and Colombia were analyzed due to variance in annual cigarette consumption per capita, the prevalence of current tobacco use, and geographical similarity. Norwegian males, Chilean males and females, and Colombian males and females saw decreases in cancer mortality rates during the study period; on the other hand, Greek males and females showed unchanged mortality rates, and Norwegian females showed a very slight increase in cancer mortality rates. United States age-standardized mortality rates (ASR) rose from 180.75 deaths per 100,000 persons in the year 1970 to the early 1980s before showing a steady and significant decline to 90.46 deaths per 100,000 persons in 2016. This study shows a strong correlation in developed countries (United States, Norway, and Greece) between advances in cancer therapies, early detection techniques, health screening, and public and legal health initiatives with a decrease in smoking-related cancer mortality rates. In developing countries (Chile and Colombia), widespread H. pylori testing, and treatment advances were found to be the main drivers of decreasing cancer mortality rates.

The March constitution – a constitution of paradoxes This article presents a synthetic attempt to address the role that the March Constitution of 1921 has played in the development of the Polish constitutional thought. It discusses the achievements and the weaknesses of the March Constitution. On the one hand, its significant advantages included recognising a catalogue of fundamental rights, guaranteeing independence of the judiciary, introducing judicial control of administrative acts and state liability for breaches of law. On the other hand, its weaknesses lay in the lack of solutions to stabilise the position of the government, a broad and imprecisely defined status of decree laws, and the lack of constitutionality review of laws. The modern and democratic solutions of the March Constitution exceeded the level of advancement of the political and legal culture in the society, which led to abuse and distortion of its constitutional mechanisms, and to an inability to secure the rule of law.

Although banking secrecy has been rooted in the European legal culture for a long time, its legal regulations have constantly evolved together with the development of information technology, changes in social perception and the approach to privacy issues within the society. Recently, there has been a growing tendency to “soften” the banking secrecy obligation, multiply exceptions from this obligation and to perceive its breach as a non-performance or improper performance of a banking contract. The aim of this article is to examine the relation between banking secrecy and privacy. The author attempts to show that the level of protection afforded to banking secrecy depends on whether, in a given jurisdiction, a link is seen between the said secrecy and the protection of an individual’s privacy. In the article it is observed that the tendency to limit the scope of banking secrecy results from a greater limitation on personal privacy. Such observation is connected with the fact that the sphere of privacy encompasses information protected by banking secrecy. Accordingly, this article contains an analysis of relations between the banking secrecy obligation and the private sphere in the light of the European Convention of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms as well as the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union under laws of Switzerland and England – which went in two opposite directions in the legal approach to the subject matter. The author looks at banking secrecy as an instrument of protecting individual’s privacy. The right to privacy is a fundamental human right and is protected by local and international legal measures. This entails the necessity to apply to banking secrecy not only the constitutional norms but also international standards of protection. It also requires that each exception from the confidentiality obligation be tested against the rule of proportionality and not be interpreted extensively. Switzerland, where the legal regulation of banking secrecy appears to be among the most restrictive ones in Europe, acknowledged that the right to privacy constitutes a source of the banking secrecy obligation, which was confirmed by the notable judgment of the Federal Tribunal of 1938. The example of Switzerland confirms that in jurisdictions where respect for personal rights is seen as a source of banking secrecy, the secrecy obligation is strict. In principle, in such jurisdictions the secrecy obligation is linked with delictual liability (which does not exclude a claim based on a contract), and its breach can be subject to criminal sanctions. On the other hand, England is an example of a jurisdiction where greater attention appears to be given to the public interest than to the individual’s, and where less attention is given to the link between disclosing confidential information and a breach of privacy. In this jurisdiction a tendency to attach contractual liability to the breach of secrecy can be observed. This is due to that fact that banking secrecy in England is treated as an implied contractual term between a bank and its client and results from a special relationship of trust between them. In consequence, liability for breaching the banking secrecy obligation is contractual in nature which can make it difficult or impossible for a banking secrecy beneficiary to obtain compensation for moral injury. In England, the scope of exceptions from banking secrecy obligations is less precise as compared to Switzerland and public authorities have easier access to confidential information.