Phillips Graduate Institute

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Correctional scholars have suggested that research describing the world of imprisonment can help illuminate some of the consequences of incarceration, specifically how individuals experience incarceration and the ways in which these experiences effect their reentry and reintegration into society. The present study examines the perceptions, daily interactions, and relationships between prison inmates and correctional officers from the perspectives of those who have been incarcerated. Qualitative, in-depth interviews of men released from Texas prisons focus on former inmates’ personal experiences and perceptions toward correctional officers while serving time.

Abstract A myth is a story that has a parallel structure linking the past to the present and suggesting directions for the future. Myth, according to Lévi‐Strauss, allows anthropology to understand the underlying structure of a culture by examining linguistic elements and their relations to one another. A myth may be a cautionary or moral tale, or may be about idealized behavioral standards. Within sociology, the primary use of the word “myth” has been rather casual. This use of the term imputes a less than factual status to the topic of reference and calls into question the veracity of others' accounts and theories. Sociology currently lacks a clear concept of myth such as is found in anthropology or cultural studies.

Abstract Hybrids and couplers are common components used in most microwave integrated circuits. This article deals with the fundamental theory of these devices together with their applications. In addition, design aspects of hybrids and couplers together with characteristics such as losses and improvement in directivity are discussed.

A fluid mechanical model of the acoustic behavior of small orifices is presented which predicts orifice resistance and reactance as a function of incident sound pressure level, frequency, and orifice geometry. Agreement between predicted and measured values is excellent. The model shows the following: (1) The acoustic flow in immediate neighborhood of the orifice can be modeled as a locally spherical flow. Within this near field, the flow is, to a first approximation, unsteady and incompressible. (2) At very low sound pressure levels, the orifice viscous resistance is directly related to the effect of boundary-layer displacement along the walls containing the orifice, and the orifice reactance is directly related to the inertia of the oscillating flow in the neighborhood of the orifice. (3) For large values of the incident acoustic pressure, the impedance is dominated by nonlinear jet-like effects. (4) For low values of the pressure, the resistance and reactance are roughly equal.

Construction noise as a source of community noise pollution is reviewed. The review, divided into five parts, is written so that an engineer not familiar with acoustics can be aware of the environmental effect of the large number of construction projects underway in the United States. The five parts consist of: (1) A review of recent noise legislation and standards with which to measure construction noise; (2) the physiological and psychological aspects of exposure to excessive noise; (3) the current technology with regard to reducing the noise radiation from construction equipment; (4) the impact upon the community in terms of the number of people exposed to excessive noise levels; and (5) a review of the efforts underway by the construction industry to reduce construction noise.