Pit Radwar (Poland)

Cyclic voltammetry (CV) can be applied as a reliable method for the determination of chloride ions in a range from several to a couple hundred (about 200) ppm. Since the standard potential of chloride ion/gaseous chlorine is 1.36 V vs. normal hydrogen electrode (NHE), the efficient oxidation of Cl- ion occurs at very positive electrode potentials, usually higher than +1.7 V vs. NHE. It is possible to observe this phenomenon only at noble-metal or inert carbon electrodes. Many other solutes, usually organic compounds, are often oxidized at this potential. This is the reason why the determination of Cl- content directly from an increase in the oxidation current is not reliable and could lead to overestimated values. However, gaseous chlorine, generated at a positive potential dissolve in the analyzed solution, could be reduced in the reverse scan of a cyclic voltammetric curve. Optimization of the experimental procedure using statistical tools enables the development of an improved method for the direct quantification of chloride ions in acid copper electroplating baths. Under the proposed experimental conditions, the calibration curve (Cl2 voltammetric reduction current vs. chloride ions concentration) is represented by the linear model for the concentration of chlorides ranging from 10 to 200 mg/dm3. The developed method for analyzing chloride ions in an acid sulfate electroplating copper bath has many unique properties. It is fast; the time of a single analysis is less than 20 min. In automatic mode, it can be repeated up to 50 times a day. The method does not require processing of the sample of the analyzed bath before measurement. As a result, no additional chemical reagents are used, and the test sample can be returned to the plating bath.

ObjectivesThe overriding research goal is to describe and analyze the evolution of the change in the concept of military project management and the impact of the use of modern low-code and no-code technologies on this area.MethodsThe main research method used in the work is desk research, which allowed for searching, collecting and analyzing information from existing sources, and then formulating conclusions on the basis of the researched problem. Subsequently, an empirical method was used - participant observation, which allowed the observation of risk management processes in the implementation of military projects.ResultsCurrently, there is a noticeable tendency to transfer solutions from the civil to the military sector. This is confirmed by the description and analysis of the most important technical and management solutions used in military projects over the years.ConclusionsThe author argues that currently there is a noticeable tendency to transfer solutions from the civil to the military sector. This is confirmed by the description and analysis of the most important technical and management solutions used in military projects over the years. Research points to LCNC solutions as a technology with significant potential to be used to develop digital solutions faster with minimal risk and time. The LCNC project management methodology was presented along with key roles that can be used in military projects.

A simple solution of a vertically-polarized printed antenna is adapted to realize a control pattern of the IFF system, which requires to obtain appropriate coverage of sum-channel sidelobes in the azimuth and elevation planes. The proposed solution of an antenna operating in L-band and designed with phase reversal technique is presented, discussed and verified with electromagnetic simulations.

The article presents an algorithm that has been designed and implemented for classifying brain signals for control. The classification algorithm that was developed uses the graph theory, which accelerates its operation. The objectives of the classification were intentions of left- and right-hand movements. The basis for the algorithm is provided by signals from the brain read by means of the Emotiv Epoc mobile device. The results of the classification can be observed on a continuous basis in the dialogue window on the computer screen and with the help of a simple device based on the Arduino Uno R3 (Bluetooth) platform and a Wi-Fi module. The compliance with the results obtained and the movement intention can be analysed in reports generated in Microsoft Excel.

Abstract We present logistic support architecture of real simulation training system for military troops preparing to conduct battle operations at a level up to a whole battalion. Due to the need of cost reduction of system maintenance, the system components were designed to be easily serviced with an integrated supply chain support. A framework of multi-period multi-level multi-item production planning models with open and closed loop supply chains is introduced in the paper. Open loop supply chain (OLSC) and closed loop supply chain (CLSC) support alternatively production planning (PP) processes. In CLSC, a PP process is supported by the products recovery processes made in a closed loop chain. A computational complexity involved in preparing production plans for a long planning horizon is important problem when solving these models, so the model optimised for quick solution finding is presented. Most elements of the presented models are common for the military and civil industry.KeywordsMILPSupply chainClosed loopProduction planning

Density based search is the data mining method that can be used in PCL-PET plot level fusion. The following paper is focused on cluster parameter analysis on basis of which proper input parameter allocation to DBSCAN algorithm is discussed. What is more, a set of quality indicators is introduced along with a set of simulation results for observing algorithm performance as a function of input parameters.

The problem of estimating azimuth in rotating array radar with a beam, wide in the azimuth plane, is considered. Under such setup the echo signal usually has a very low signal to noise ratio, but the number of observations is large, because of long dwell times. The proposed solution is based on the maximum likelihood approach, but it employs simplifications which facilitate its implementation in real time systems. Results, obtained by offline postprocessing of data recorded in a real-world radar system, demonstrate that the proposed solution allows one to reach estimation accuracy comparable to that offered by a system employing a narrow beam.

The problem of minimizing dwell time in multifunction phased array radar is considered. Target of interest is assumed to fluctuate according to a generalization of Swerling family and the parameters of fluctuation model are assumed to be known. The a'priori position of the target is uncertain. Optimization, whose variables include pulse count and array transmit beampattern, is carried out subject to achieving a desired accuracy of angular coordinate estimates.

Waveguide monopulse summing-differential novel system is presented in the paper. The principle operation of proposed system and its sum and difference frequency characteristics are presented. Calculation of parameters waveguide system were done with aid CST Micro-Wave Studio computer program.

This paper demonstrates performance evolution starting with a traditional one band active radar through a two band radar using MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) data and signal fusion ending with a two band radar with some of a cognitive features such as resource management and waveform diversity. A probability of detection of small RCS targets can be improved by utilization of some MIMO processing features: centralized and decentralized fusion. The cognitive features can support the MIMO signal and data fusion to enhance the detection of the contemporary and future air threats.