Polygon Physics (France)

Normandy Hadrontherapy (NHa) is developing, in collaboration with Ion Beam Applications (IBA), a full hadrontherapy treatment solution based on a new multiparticle cyclotron. 12C6+ and 4He2+ ions will be accelerated up to 400 MeV/u and (H2)+ up to 260 MeV/u. Three different ion sources will be carried out for each accelerated particle: the mono-charged ion source (H2)+ and low charged ion source He2+ are provided by the Polygon Physics (PP) company. The carbon ion source is under development at NHa in collaboration with IBA and PP. The (H2)+ ion source is an industrial Tubular ECR Source (TES) fitted for the needs of the NHa C400 cyclotron (30 µA of (H2)+). The He2+ ion source is a classic 10 GHz ECR type with a new concept because the complete source is set inside a vacuum chamber and it runs under 10−6 mbar of gas residual pressure. The 12C6+ ion source is also an ECR type ion source operating at 14.5 GHz frequency, its design is under progress to produce a beam providing stability and reproducibility levels compatible with clinical use. The article will present the External Injection System of the NHa C400 cyclotron hence it will focus on the experimental results obtained with the (H2)+ ion source and preliminary outputs from the He2+ ECRIS. A presentation of the multicharged ECRIS design dedicated to the 12C6+ production will be done.

course Share on Japanese animation in 2021: to CG or not CG? Authors: Yuya Takahashi Toei Animation Since 1956 Toei Animation Since 1956View Profile , Marc Salvati OLM, Inc. OLM Digital, Inc. OLM, Inc. OLM Digital, Inc.View Profile , Andreas Bauer Polygon Pictures Polygon PicturesView Profile Authors Info & Claims SA '21: SIGGRAPH Asia 2021 CoursesDecember 2021 Article No.: 4Pages 1–266https://doi.org/10.1145/3476117.3483427Published:17 December 2021Publication History 0citation147DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations0Total Downloads147Last 12 Months87Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access

Literature concerning corporotomy location in multicomponent inflatable penile prosthetic surgery via a penoscrotal approach is scarce if not nonexistent. Aim of our study was to report practices in low-, moderate-, and high-volume penile implant centers regarding corporotomy location and evaluate its potential impact on intraoperative and short-term postoperative complications. Data from 18 (13 European and 5 American) implant centers were collected retrospectively between September 1st, 2018 and August 31st, 2019. Variables included: intraoperative proximal and distal corpus cavernosum length measurement, total corporal length measurement, total penile implant cylinder length, and length of rear tip extenders. Eight hundred and nine virgin penile implant cases were included in the analysis. Mean age of participants was 61.5 ± 9.6 years old. In total, 299 AMS 700™ (Boston Scientific, USA) and 510 Coloplast Titan® (Minneapolis, MN USA) devices were implanted. The mean proximal/distal corporal measurement ratio during corporotomy was 0.93 ± 0.29 while no statistical difference was found among low-, moderate-, and high-volume penile implant centers. A statistically significant correlation between lower proximal/distal measurement ratio and higher age (p = 0.0013), lower BMI (p < 0.0001), lower use of rear tip extenders (RTE) (p = 0.04), lower RTE length (p < 0.0001), and absence of diabetes (p = 0.0004) was reported. In a 3-month follow up period, 49 complications and 37 revision procedures were reported. This is the first study reporting the current practices regarding corporotomy location during IPP placement in a multicenter cohort, particularly when including such a high number of patients. Nevertheless, the retrospective design and the short follow up period limits the study outcomes. Corporotomy location during penoscrotal IPP implantation does not correlate with intraoperative or short-term postoperative complication rates. Future studies with longer follow up are needed in order to evaluate the association of corporotomy location with long-term complications.

This study provides the first comprehensive evaluation of the population of Coscinodon horridus (J.Muñoz & H.Hespanhol) Hugonnot, R.D.Porley & Ignatov in France, a recently discovered species in Meygal (Haute-Loire). A total of 876 individuals (one cushion = one individual) were recorded amongst lava scree on three sucs (volcanic summits), of which 99.6% occur on a single summit. The detailed population counts provide an accurate base-line for future monitoring. Male plants are very rare and the sex-ratio is strongly biased towards females. Sporophytes are also very rare. Coscinodon horridus is a mountain species, strongly linked to harsh environments, mostly on steep exposed slopes of south–east aspect yet is predominately associated with sheltered niches that are protected from direct precipitation and insolation. Sheltered individuals tend to be vegetatively more robust than those growing in more exposed situations. The unique hairpoint anatomy of C. horridus, complex water relations and competitive interactions may explain the narrow niche that this species occupies. Due to the very small area of occupation in France and the low number of individuals, Coscinodon horridus is considered to be threatened in France and is classified as Endangered.

Epidemiological studies have suggested that prostatitis may increase the risk of prostate cancer due to chronic inflammation. We studied the association between several genitourinary infections and the risk of prostate cancer based on data from the EPICAP study. EPICAP is a population-based case-control study conducted in the département of Hérault, France, between 2012 and 2014. A total of 819 incident cases and 879 controls have been face to face interviewed using a standardized questionnaire gathering information on known or suspected risk factors of prostate cancer, and personal history of genitourinary infections: prostatitis, urethritis, orchi-epididymitis, and acute pyelonephritis. Odds Ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence interval were estimated using multivariate unconditional logistic regression. Overall, 139 (18%) cases and 98 (12%) controls reported having at least one personal history of genitourinary infections (OR=1.64 [1.23-2.20]). The risk increased with the number of infections (p-trend<0.05). The association was specifically observed with personal history of chronic prostatitis and acute pyelonephritis (OR=2.95 [1.26-6.92] and OR=2.66 [1.29-5.51], respectively) and in men who did not use any non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (OR=2.00 [1.37-2.91]). Our results reinforce the hypothesis that chronic inflammation, generated by a personal history of genitourinary infections, may play a role in prostate carcinogenesis.

Better understanding of uranyl toxicity in bacteria is necessary to optimize strains for bioremediation purposes or for using bacteria as biodetectors for bioavailable uranyl. In this study, after different steps of optimization, Escherichia colicells were exposed to uranyl at low pH to minimize uranyl precipitation and to increase its bioavailability. Bacteria were adapted to mid acidic pH before exposure to 50 or 80 µM uranyl acetate for two hours at pH≈3. To evaluate the impact of uranium, growth in these conditions were compared and the same rates of cells survival were observed in control and uranyl exposed cultures. Additionally, this impact was analyzedby two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis proteomics to discover protein actors specifically present or accumulated in contact with uranium.Exposure to uranium resulted in differential accumulation of proteins associated with oxidative stress and in the accumulation of the NADH/quinone oxidoreductase WrbA. This FMN dependent protein performs obligate two-electron reduction of quinones, and may be involved in cells response to oxidative stress. Interestingly, this WrbA protein presents similarities with the chromate reductase from E. coli, which was shown to reduce uranyl in vitro.

The element distribution in the crystal structure of the stable phase of the well-known phase-change material Ge2Sb2Te5 was determined at temperatures up to 471 °C using single crystals synthesized by chemical transport reactions. Because of the similar electron count of Sb and Te, the scattering contrast was enhanced by resonant diffraction using synchrotron radiation (beamline ID11, ESRF). A simultaneous refinement on data measured at the K-absorption edges of Sb and Te as well as at additional wavelengths off the absorption edges yielded reliable occupancy factors of each element on each position (a = 4.2257(2) A, c = 17.2809(18) A, Pm1, R1 (overall) = 0.037). The dispersion correction terms Δf′ were refined and match experimental ones obtained from fluorescence spectra by the Kramers–Kronig transform. The structure contains distorted rocksalt-type blocks of nine alternating cation and anion layers, respectively, which are separated by van der Waals gaps between Te atom layers. Ge atoms prefer the cation positions near the center of the rocksalt-type block (occupancy factors Ge0.60(4)Sb0.36(2)), Sb atoms the one near the van der Waals gap (Ge0.33(7)Sb0.66(4)). Anti-site disorder is not significant. During heating up to 471 °C and subsequent cooling, a reversible structural distortion was observed. The refinements show that with increasing temperature the first pair of anion and cation layers next to the van der Waals gap becomes slightly detached from the block and increasingly resembles a GeTe-type layer. Thus, the difference between interatomic distances in the 3 + 3 cation coordination sphere of the mixed Ge–Sb position next to the gap becomes more pronounced. The element distribution, in contrast, neither changes during the heating experiment nor upon long-time annealing. Thus, the behavior of 9P-Ge2Sb2Te5 single crystals is predominantly under thermodynamic control.

The amyloid beta Ab(1-40) and Ab(1-42) peptides are the main components of the fibrillar plaques characteristically found in the brains affected by Alzheimer's disease. Fibril formation has been thoroughly studied in vitro using synthetic amyloid peptides and has been described to be a nucleation dependent polymerization process. During this process, defined by a slow nucleation phase followed by a rapid exponential elongation reaction, a whole range of aggregated species (low and high molecular weight aggregates) precede fibril formation. Toxic species related to the onset and development of Alzheimer's disease are thought to be found among these prefibrillar aggregates. Two main procedures are used to experimentally monitor fibril formation kinetics: through the measurement of the light scattered by the different peptide aggregates and using the fluorescent dye thioflavin T, which fluorescence increases when specifically interacting with amyloid fibrils. Reproducibility may, however, be difficult to achieve when measuring and characterizing fibril formation kinetics. This fact is mainly due to the difficulty in experimentally handling amyloid peptides, which is directly related to the difficulty of having them in a monomeric form at the beginning of the polymerization process. This has to do mainly with the type of solvent used for the preparation of the peptide stock solutions (water, DMSO, TFE, HFIP) and the control of determinant physicochemical parameters such as pH. Moreover, kinetic progression turns out to be highly dependent on the type of peptide counter-ion used, which will basically determine the duration of the nucleation phase and the rate at which high molecular weight oligomers are formed. Centrifugation and filtration procedures used in the preparation of the peptide stock solutions will also greatly influence the duration of the fibril formation process. In this chapter, a survey of the alluded experimental procedures is provided and a general frame is proposed for the interpretation of the fibril formation kinetics, intended to integrate the results from the different experimental approaches. The significance of the different aggregated species in terms of cell toxicity will be discussed. Special emphasis will be given to the influence of pH on the structural and toxic characteristics of amyloid aggregates, an aspect that may be particularly relevant in some specific physiological conditions.