Pontifical University of Salamanca

El aumento de problemas de salud mental en la educación primaria ha impulsado la búsqueda de estrategias pedagógicas que promuevan el bienestar socioemocional. Este trabajo analiza investigaciones recientes sobre la relación entre educación emocio­nal and music en el ámbito escolar mediante un mapeo sistemático de literatura que incluye artículos científicos indexados en Web of Science, Scopus y Google Académico y publicados entre 2021 y 2024. Los resultados muestran que la música y las artes fun­cionan como herramientas pedagógicas que favorecen la mejora del clima escolar, la salud emocional y el rendimiento académico. En particular, la práctica musical colectiva se vincula con el desarrollo de la empatía, la cohesión grupal y la autorregulación emo­cional, mientras que la selección adecuada de géneros musicales estimula emociones positivas y reduce la ansiedad. Además, se identifican beneficios y riesgos en el con­sumo musical de adolescentes y la influencia de las políticas educativas en la expresión emocional del alumnado. Se concluye que la integración sistemática de la música en la educación emocional es esencial, aunque persisten vacíos de investigación en formación docente y diseño curricular.

The love for horses is deeply rooted in human history and culture, captivating us with their magnificent nature. For millennia, horses have been crucial to human survival and development, providing transportation, labor, and even status. Currently, interest in human relationships with other animals has grown significantly, in the context of promoting the well-being and essential health of both species. This entry aims to explore the possibilities of human–horse relationships, from early interactions to strong bonds. The literature collected here highlights the complexity of this relationship, with special attention to the various biological and social factors involved. The text compares historical practices with current perspectives, examining how these changes affect the relationship between humans and horses. It examines how connecting with horses potentially benefits both humans and horses, underlining the importance of recognizing horse behavior and noting that our assumptions may not reflect their true needs. This literature enriches our understanding of the multifaceted nature of human–horse relationships, offering a new perspective on horse care, which focuses on positive relationship and well-being, and therefore on the importance of harmonious provision of all domains of well-being, highlighting the importance of healthy behavioral interactions and emotional stability of both species.

Objective: This study compared two switch strategies during a 16-minute simulated CPR: every 2 minutes (as per ERC guidelines) versus self-paced switching based on perceived fatigue. Methods: Eighteen lifeguards completed three tests: a 2-minute individual CPR test and two 16-minute partner-based simulations, one with 2-minute changes and the other with self-selected changes. CPR quality (QCPR, QCC, QVR), heart rate (HR), and perceived exertion (RPE) were assessed. Results: Global CPR quality was significantly higher in the 2-minute switch protocol compared to the self-paced strategy. Fatigue markers (HR and RPE) were also lower with the standard approach. However, participants with better performance in the individual test were able to sustain longer interventions under the self-paced condition. Conclusion: Switching every 2 minutes results in better CPR quality and reduced fatigue. However, individual ability predicts performance in self-paced scenarios, supporting the potential of personalized protocols and training in lifeguard CPR interventions

Background/Objective: Nurse educators are central to consolidating nursing as a discipline and shaping professional identity, yet their preparation is heterogeneous. This study aimed to identify profiles of nurse educators based on the value they assign to teaching competencies and to analyze factors influencing these profiles. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive research design was applied, using convenience sampling to recruit 326 nurse educators from Spanish universities. Data were collected through a self-administered online questionnaire distributed to nursing faculty from public, private, and affiliated (semi-private) universities across Spain. The instrument included sociodemographic and academic variables, along with nine teaching competencies. Descriptive statistics, cluster analysis, ANOVA, chi-square tests, and multinomial logistic regression were conducted using SPSS. Results: Three distinct profiles of nursing faculty were identified. The academic–pedagogical profile assigned the highest importance to all competencies (means 4.78–4.91), the clinical–pragmatic profile assigned the lowest (3.61–4.04), and the intermediate–researcher profile showed moderate values (4.26–4.50). Doctoral degree (χ2 = 65.36, p < 0.001) and pedagogical training (χ2 = 33.89, p < 0.001) were the strongest predictors of membership in the academic–pedagogical group, confirmed in multivariate regression (OR for doctorate = 0.07; OR for pedagogical training = 0.13, both p < 0.001). Conclusion: This study delineates three coherent and statistically robust profiles of nursing faculty based on their appraisal of teaching competencies. Academic qualifications and pedagogical training emerged as key determinants of these profiles. Tailored faculty development strategies that reinforce doctoral-level preparation and pedagogical expertise are critical to advancing the quality and consistency of nursing education.

Abstract Several studies have been published on how the recent pandemic negatively affected mental health and addictive behaviors. Nonetheless, further research is needed into potential differences in tobacco and alcohol use that occurred over the course of the pandemic. Towards this end, we examined changes in prescribing patterns of drugs used in nicotine and alcohol addictive disorders (DUAD) to evaluate the long-term effect of the pandemic on population behavior regarding the use of tobacco and alcohol. New prescriptions for DUAD were analyzed over 6 years, divided into three periods of 2 years each: pre-pandemic, pandemic, and post-pandemic, from March-2018 to February-2024. New prescriptions were studied considering sex and age groups. New nicotine-related DUAD prescriptions increased significantly during the pandemic and also in the post-pandemic, mainly in women. During the pandemic, the increase was driven by individuals over 20 years old, and in the post-pandemic by those aged 40 and over. New alcohol-related DUAD prescriptions decreased significantly during the pandemic, driven by men over 60 years old, and remained stable during the post-pandemic. In general, men received more than twice as many new alcohol-related DUAD prescriptions as women. Results provide population-based data to draw attention to the extent of harmful alcohol consumption during a lockdown, as occurred during the pandemic. However, during and after the pandemic, attempts to quit smoking increased. Stepping up information campaigns about the risks of excessive alcohol or tobacco consumption and about the resources available to those who wish to reduce their alcohol or tobacco consumption may prove useful in future unprecedented events.

Background: Shoulder soft tissue disorders, such as rotator cuff tears and subacromial impingement, are among the most common causes of musculoskeletal disability. Both physical examination tests and imaging techniques are routinely used in clinical settings; however, their respective contributions to patient outcomes and their potential complementarity remain underexplored. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Controlled clinical studies comparing pre- and post-intervention outcomes in adults with suspected or confirmed shoulder soft tissue pathology were included. Two groups were analyzed: studies using musculoskeletal imaging (ultrasound or MRI) and studies applying orthopedic physical examination tests (e.g., Neer, Hawkins, and Jobe). Functional outcomes were converted into standardized mean differences (SMDs) and synthesized using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was quantified using the I2 statistic. Results: In total, 11 studies met the inclusion criteria (n = 6 imaging, n = 5 orthopedic tests). Imaging-based studies showed a pooled SMD of 4.85 (95% CI: 2.77–6.93), indicating substantial clinical improvement. Orthopedic test-based studies yielded a pooled SMD of 2.34 (95% CI: 1.27–3.41). Heterogeneity was high across both groups (I2 > 90%). Conclusions: Imaging was associated with a larger overall clinical effect, while orthopedic tests provided functional insight valuable for screening and monitoring. These findings support the complementary use of both strategies to enhance diagnostic accuracy and treatment planning in shoulder care.

Original text, spanish translation and commentary of the document: DICASTERY FOR THE CLERGY, Decree on the discipline of Mass intentions.

In the original publication, the affiliation was NEDECOR, which will be replaced by NECODOR [...].