Poplar Forest

Journal Article Captives of Conquest: Slavery in the Early Modern Spanish Caribbean Get access Captives of Conquest: Slavery in the Early Modern Spanish Caribbean. By Erin Woodruff Stone. (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2021. 235 pp. $49.95.) Stephan Lenik Stephan Lenik Corporation for Jefferson's Poplar Forest, Forest, Virginia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 109, Issue 4, March 2023, Page 909, https://doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jaad012 Published: 01 March 2023

Quantifying the scale of offspring dispersal is essential for understanding demographic connectivity across landscapes and rates of population spread. However, characterizing natal dispersal in fishes is complicated by the difficulties of tracking origins and movement during early life-history stages. We combined direct observation of natal dispersal based on otolith chemistry with indirect estimates of dispersal from population genetics to quantify intergenerational dispersal of smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) inhabiting a river network. Average parent–offspring dispersal was estimated as 7.7 km from genetic isolation-by-distance and demographic population data. Otolith chemistry indicated that adults were captured an average of 8.3 km from their natal tributary, supporting the genetics-based estimate. Our estimate of intergenerational dispersal is higher than previous estimates for lotic fishes and considerably higher than estimates for smallmouth bass in lake systems. Differences in availability of seasonal habitats for smallmouth bass may account for the contrasting scales of dispersal between lake and river populations. The large intergenerational dispersal distance of riverine smallmouth bass should be considered in conservation of fisheries or efforts to control invasive populations in river networks.

- Rémi de Bercegol et Lucie Dejouhanet (RdB & LD). Mathieu Quet, we would like to begin by introducing you to our readers as a resolutely field-oriented researcher. As a sociologist, you show a predilection for long-term, in-depth field work in remote and sometimes hard to access locations, using very similar methods to those used by ethnography. In your book’s introduction, you mention how your approach requires you to “glean” information (Quet 2018, 39): this brings us to the topic of this...

The gymnosperm diversity of Aguascalientes, Mexico, is presented. Fifteen species from five genera and three families are reported, two of Coniferales (Cupressaceae and Pinaceae) and one of Gnetales (Ephedraceae). Pinus is the most diverse and abundant genus with seven species. The most abundant species is P. teocote, while P. strobiformis is the scarcest. Juniperus is the next most diverse genus, represented by four species, with J. deppeana the most abundant and J. durangensis the scarcest. Cupressus lusitanica, Taxodium mucronatum and Ephedra compacta are each the sole representatives of their genera. Most conifers occupy the mountainous part of the state, forming temperate forest; exceptions are Taxodium, which is located on the margins of permanent streams, and J. coahuilensis, which is found in the low parts of the Aguascalientes Valley over calcareous soils in the northern part of the state. Ephedra is distributed in the northeast part of Aguascalientes in microphyll desert scrub. The current status of the gymnosperm communities in the state of Aguascalientes is discussed.

White poplar riparian forests along the upper Mura River, Hungary. I studied the phytosociological characteris-tics of white poplar riparian forests (senecioni sarracenici-Populetum albae) growing along the Mura river in south-west Hungary by collecting and analyzing twenty vegetation samples. These forests grow in the highest parts of the lower floodplain on alluvial soil, which developed over gravel and coarse sand. Their species composition and rich shrub layer make them clearly distinct from white willow forests (leucojo aestivi-salicetum albae), which grow1–1.5 m below them on heavy, muddy soil, and have no shrub layer at all. They also differ from hardwood riparian forests (Carici brizoidis-Ulme-tum) growing in the upper floodplain. The herbaceous layer in these forests often host plants that are rare or fully absent from other parts of the Great Plains, such as adoxa moscha-tellina, Carex brizoides, C. remota, C. strigosa, Chrysosp-lenium alternifolium, Corydalis solida, equisetum hyemale, Fritillaria meleagris, Oenanthe banatica, Omphalodes scor-pioides, scilla drunensis, stellaria nemorum. The association is placed in the sub-alliance Populenion nigro-albae Kevey2008.

There is a need to identify better biomarkers to monitor diseases and/or assess therapeutic responses. For those with cancer, one can identify DNA fragments that contain somatic mutations originating in the tumor DNA in plasma or serum. There have been several early studies suggesting that advances in sequencing technologies will allow identification of somatic genomic alterations that can be used to monitor tumor dynamics. Dawson et al. investigated circulating cell-free DNA carrying tumor specific alterations in patients with breast cancer. The authors compared CT imaging from 30 women with metastatic breast cancer receiving treatment, using two assays for circulating tumor DNA, CA 15-3, and CTCs. Taken the two methods together circulating tumor DNA was detected in 29 or 30 women (97%) and 115 of 141 plasma samples (82%). Circulating tumor DNA levels showed a greater dynamic range and greater correlation with changes in tumor burden than did CA 15-3 or CTC. The relatively small study showed that circulating tumor DNA has a superior sensitivity to other circulating biomarkers and a dynamic range that correlates with tumor burden.