Prüf- und Forschungsinstitut Pirmasens (Germany)

Fungi were among the first eukaryotes to transition from aquatic to terrestrial life, developing multicellular hyphae, polar growth, and expanded secretomes for nutrient processing, defense, and symbiosis. We present a reliable method for purifying and characterizing extracellular vesicles (EVs) from Aspergillus nidulans and demonstrate that the induction of xylanase C is associated with increased EV release and EV-associated enzymatic activity. Using a mCherry reporter replacing xylanase C, we generalized this effect, showing that reporter induction increases EV production and reporter loading into EVs. This phenomenon primarily depends on the signal peptide (SP), suggesting that the induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)- trafficked proteins has a pronounced effect on EV production and cargo loading. We speculate that EV biogenesis may originate at the ER, where ER-translated proteins could be selectively loaded into vesicles and subsequently trafficked directly to the plasma membrane or through multivesicular bodies (MVBs). EV secretion is minimal in the first 24–48 hours but increases later in growth, coinciding with biofilm formation. This timing allows A. nidulans to modify the secretome, adapting it to new nutrient sources.

This paper presents the results of research on a new method of chromium recovery from solid waste generated during the tanning of raw hides. In the first stage, the shredded mixture of useless leather scraps is decomposed through thermal pressure hydrolysis (TPH) in nitric acid in appropriate process conditions. Then, the liquid product of this process (hydrolysate) is fractionated using membrane separation techniques. The microfiltration (MF) process enables the initial purification of the hydrolysate by concentrating the organic matter. On the other hand, the nanofiltration (NF) process enables a three-fold concentration of total chromium in the pre-purified hydrolysate. The total chromium concentrate prepared in the above manner was successfully used in the model tanning processes. These processes were carried out on pickled bovine hides, using a mixture of a commercial chromium tanning agent and chromium concentrate after nanofiltration. The reference sample was bovine hide traditionally tanned with a commercial chromium tanning agent. Based on the results of the physical and chemical analyses, it was found that the properties of hides tanned using chromium recovered from waste are similar to those of hides tanned traditionally using a commercially available chromium tanning agent. The industrial implementation of the developed tannery waste valorisation technology would enable transition from a linear economy to circular economy.

Connections between load-bearing glass components play a major role in terms of the structural integrity and aesthetics of glass applications. Recently, a new type of adhesive connection, known as embedded laminated glass connections, has been developed where a metallic insert is embedded within a laminated glass unit by means of transparent polymeric foil interlayers and assembled through an autoclave lamination process. In this study, a novel variant of this connection, consisting of a thin steel insert encapsulated by a transparent cold-poured resin, is proposed and examined. In particular, the axial tensile mechanical response of this connection is assessed via numerical (FE) analyses and destructive pull-out tests performed on physical prototypes at different displacement rates in order to assess the effect of the strain rate-dependent behaviour of the resin interlayer. It was found that the pull-out stiffness, the maximum load-bearing capacity and the failure mode of the connection are significantly affected by the imposed displacement rate. The numerical (FE) analysis of the pull-out tests, performed in Abaqus, showed that the complex state of stress in the vicinity of the connection is the result of two load-transfer mechanisms and that the relative contribution of these mechanisms depends on the insert geometry and the relative stiffnesses of the constituent materials. Overall, it is concluded that the prototypes are promising in terms of manufacturability, aesthetics and structural performance and thus the novel variant connection considered in this study offers a promising alternative to existing load-bearing connections for laminated glass structures, but further investigations are required to ascertain its suitability for real-world applications.

Das was wir Soziale Marktwirtschaft nennen muss wiederholt verteidigt werden. Verstaatlichung, kollektive Losungen werden gegen die Soziale Marktwirtschaft ins Feld gefuhrt.

ABSTRACTThe current European standard for dimensioning silicone adhesive joints in structural glazing applications is defined in the ETAG 002. Although there are several decades of field experience with this standard it still has some major limitations and mainly uses an empirical concept based on an average force by area engineering approach. In addition there are a number of other restrictions for example the limitation of specific substrates and rectangular shaped joints with defined aspect ratios as well as the exclusion of joints with non‐coplanar surfaces. The presented investigations are based on a combined numerical and experimental concept and demonstrate that appropriately designed elastic adhesive joints with complex geometries excluded by common standards can be evaluated and validated in a systematic and reliable way. The experimental test may easily be combined with well‐established and proven aging test schemes, for which long‐term reliable field experience is available. In addition any desired safety factor can be added.

Traditionell versteht man unter Verbundgläsern Laminate, die aus mindestens zwei Glasscheiben bestehen und durch eine polymerbasierte, als Folie oder Flüssigkomponente eingebrachte Zwischenschicht verbunden sind. Die Zwischenschicht erweitert das Eigenschaftsspektrum von Glasprodukten erheblich. Das Flüssig‐Laminationsverfahren wird als Alternative zum Autoklavenprozess mit Folienmaterialien immer beliebter, da verschiedene technische und visuelle Anforderungen leichter oder auch überhaupt nur damit zu erreichen sind. Ein Anwendungsfeld sind Verbunde von Glas mit anderen Werkstoffen, beispielsweise mit Produkten wie Naturstein oder Keramik. Hier kommt der Vorteil zum Tragen, dass bei der Lamination mit Liquid Composites weder hohe Temperaturen noch erhöhte Drücke notwendig sind, unter denen die z.T. filigranen Steinplatten geschädigt werden können. Der vorliegende Beitrag beleuchtet die Entwicklung eines Liquid‐Composites‐Systems, mit dem beide Werkstoffe sowohl dauerhaft, bruchfest und in visuell einwandfreier Qualität zusammengefügt als auch anschließend im Verbund verarbeitet werden können.

Die Gestaltung von Fassaden rückt immer stärker in den Fokus der modernen Medienkommunikation. G‐Glass wird gegenwärtig als eines der weltweit modernsten Medienfassadenprodukte betrachtet. Die erfolgreiche Laminierung und LED‐Verkapselung mit einem flüssigen Acrylverbundmaterial von Kömmerling ist dabei der Schlüssel zur Verwendung des Produktes als gebäudeintegriertes Bauteil. Die Integration dieser transparenten und tageslichtdurchlässigen Medien‐Fassaden in die Gebäudehülle bringen dabei spezielle Herausforderungen mit sich wie beispielsweise Langzeittemperaturbeständigkeit und UV‐Stabilität. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die passiven und aktiven Anwendungen von G‐Glass Produkten, beschreibt die Einkapselung von einfarbig weißen und bunten RGB (Rot Grün Blau; additiver Farbraum) LED‐Leuchtmitteln in Glaselemente und zeigt den Herstellungsprozess der UV‐härtenden Laminierung.

I když je zřícenina hradu Přimda národní kulturní památkou a jednou z nejvýznamnějších ukázek románské hradní architektury v Čechách, její odborné poznání tomu dosud neodpovídalo. Archeologie se zde uplatňovala téměř v bezvýznamné míře, vždy jen v souvislosti se stavebními pracemi, od 70. let 20. století. Od sklonku 19. století však byla památka opakovaně poškozována zásahy do terénu i zděných konstrukcí, bez archeologie a odpovídající památkové péče. Ovlivněny starším poznáním objektu se názory na vznik, podobu a význam hradu staly problematickými. Obdobně Přimda postrádala i aktuální dokumentaci. Uvědomění si této absence vedlo k revizi, aktualizaci a doplnění dokumentace hradního areálu. Cílem bylo podrobit památku různým dokumentačním metodám, umožňujícím získání a uchování dostupných informací. Článek podává přehled a charakteristiku těchto metod, aplikovaných v hradním areálu v letech 2012–2014, a jejich výsledků.