PragmatIC (United Kingdom)

This paper presents a novel structure for a fully differential Successive-Approximation Register Analog-to-Digital Converter (SAR-ADC) Flexible Integrated Circuit (FlexIC). The ADC's fully differential structure makes it very robust against DC offset variance caused by supply voltage and temperature variation, resulting in consistent performance in a broader range of operation scenarios. Measurement results indicate the ENOB (Effective Number of Bits) is about 7.47 bit. Also, measurement results post-fabrication show that the circuit achieves a maximum INL of ± 1.5 LSB, with a footprint of just 3.3mm<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and consuming 0.84mW power.

<h3></h3> Current guidelines recommend anti-inflammatory reliever (AIR) therapies that combine inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and formoterol for newly diagnosed asthma and patients treated with SABA only. Budesonide-formoterol (BUD-F) is the only combination licensed for as-needed AIR in the UK; however, beclometasone-formoterol (BDP-F) may be used as an alternative in the real-world setting. We conducted a non-inferiority study (pre-specified 20% non-inferiority margin; IRR 1.20) for exacerbation prevention of BDP-F (Fostair) AIR compared with BUD-F (Symbicort) AIR. We compared exacerbations pre- and post-AIR initiation, oral corticosteroid (OCS) use, and risk of acute cardiovascular (CVD) events. A historical cohort study using the Optimum Patient Care Research Database, UK. Adults with asthma, no other chronic respiratory condition, and ≥1 year GP registration who initiated BDP-F AIR or BUD-F AIR (‘likely intent’ based on prescription instructions and ≤1 SABA inhaler at follow-up) for the first time (index date) after July 2012 were followed up for ≤1 year. Inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW), adjustment and prior event rate ratio (PERR) methods controlled for baseline differences between groups. Non-inferiority of exacerbations used Poisson regression (incident rate ratios [IRR] with bootstrapped confidence intervals [95% CI]). Changes in OCS use and incidence of acute CVD events post-initiation of AIR were also compared. Among 8,750 adult patients, 1,630 (18.6%) were initiated onto BDP-F AIR and 7,120 (81.4%) BUD-F AIR between Jul 2012 and Apr 2025. BDP-F AIR was found to be non-inferior to BUD-F AIR for exacerbation prevention: IRR=0.85 (0.61,1.16). The percentage of people with ≥1 exacerbation at baseline reduced by 7.0% after initiation of BDP-F AIR (relative reduction: 67.5% [57.1,79.8]; p&lt;0.001) and 3.3% after initiation of BUD-F AIR (relative reduction: 76.9% [66.2,88.9]; p&lt;0.001). OCS use reduced with both AIR regimens, but the reduction was significantly greater in the BDP-F AIR group (0.24 mg vs 0.05 mg; p&lt;0.001). Incidence of CVD events post-initiation of AIR was similar for both groups: IRR=1.04 for BDP-F vs BUD-F [0.46,2.34]). BDP-F AIR is non-inferior to BUD-F AIR for exacerbation prevention, results in significantly lower OCS use, and has comparable outcomes for acute cardiovascular events.

Elevated lipoprotein(a) increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, and previous research suggests that lipoprotein(a) levels are higher in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases. Knowledge about lipoprotein(a) in persons with HIV (PWH) is sparse. We aimed to assess if living with HIV is associated with high levels of lipoprotein(a). From the Copenhagen Comorbidity in HIV infection (COCOMO) study, we included 789 PWH matched on sex and age with 3156 controls from the Copenhagen general population study. All participants underwent uniform physical examinations, blood sampling and responded to questionnaires regarding lifestyle and health. Lipoprotein(a) was measured using isoform-insensitive immunoturbidimetric assays. High levels of lipoprotein(a) were defined as plasma levels >50 mg/dl. Living with HIV was not associated with high levels of lipoprotein(a) [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.98 [95% CI: 0.80 to 1.21], P = 0.88]. Furthermore, none of the examined clinical and demographic factors - including age, sex, diabetes, statin therapy, cholesterol levels, renal function and HIV specific risk factors were significantly associated with elevated lipoprotein(a) levels as well as and none of the examined clinical or demographic risk factors were found to be significantly associated with elevated lipoprotein(a) levels. In this study, living with HIV was not independently associated with high levels of lipoprotein(a) and none of the examined clinical or demographic risk factors were found to be significantly associated with elevated lipoprotein(a) levels.

Esta pesquisa objetivou analisar as formas tú e usted no espanhol oral de Valência, Espanha, a partir de uma interface entre o Funcionalismo e a Linguística Cognitiva. Nessa perspectiva, foram considerados os trabalhos de Givón (1995, 2001) sobre o princípio funcional da marcação e, ainda, os de Langacker (1987, 1991, 2007, 2008) para utilizar uma ferramenta analítica cognitiva que oportunizasse insights mais abrangentes sobre as nuances envolvidas no uso das formas em questão. Procedeu-se uma análise qualitativa dos dados, os quais foram obtidos a partir de 12 entrevistas do tipo semiestruturada provenientes do corpus Proyecto para el Estudio Sociolingüístico del Español de Valencia (PRESEVAL). As ocorrências analisadas foram codificadas e quantificadas para fins de frequência de uso. Desse modo, visando maior precisão e minimização de possíveis erros, utilizou-se o software Atlas.ti para essa finalidade. Após o tratamento dos dados, obteve-se um total de 597 registros de tú e usted e respectivos paradigmas. Desse total, o uso da forma tú na função de sujeito e objeto foi predominante. Os pronomes em sua função de sujeito demonstraram ser mais proeminentes que suas respectivas formas em função de objeto. Considerando um continuum de proeminência, a forma tú ocupa o primeiro lugar numa escala de mais proeminente a menos proeminente, seguido da forma usted, te, a ti, le, a usted, nessa ordem. Assim, as formas de segunda pessoa do singular em função de sujeito constroem o referente de modo mais claro e direto que as formas em função de objeto.

Nearly 50 years ago, Intel created the world's first commercially produced microprocessor-the 4004 (ref. 1), a modest 4-bit CPU (central processing unit) with 2,300 transistors fabricated using 10μm process technology in silicon and capable only of simple arithmetic calculations. Since this ground-breaking achievement, there has been continuous technological development with increasing sophistication to the stage where state-of-the-art silicon 64-bit microprocessors now have 30 billion transistors (for example, the AWS Graviton2 (ref. 2) microprocessor, fabricated using 7nm process technology). The microprocessor is now so embedded within our culture that it has become a meta-invention-that is, it is a tool that allows other inventions to be realized, most recently enabling the big data analysis needed for a COVID-19 vaccine to be developed in record time. Here we report a 32-bit Arm (a reduced instruction set computing (RISC) architecture) microprocessor developed with metal-oxide thin-film transistor technology on a flexible substrate (which we call the PlasticARM). Separate from the mainstream semiconductor industry, flexible electronics operate within a domain that seamlessly integrates with everyday objects through a combination of ultrathin form factor, conformability, extreme low cost and potential for mass-scale production. PlasticARM pioneers the embedding of billions of low-cost, ultrathin microprocessors into everyday objects.

Para a Linguística Interacional, a linguagem é um lugar de interação comunicativa, pela produção de sentido entre interlocutores, em uma dada situação de comunicação, constituída por um contexto histórico e ideológico. Os usuários da língua interagem enquanto sujeitos, que ocupam lugares sociais e falam e ouvem desses lugares. Para essa concepção, “A interação verbal constitui a realidade fundamental da linguagem”. Para Bakhtin, a comunicação só existe na reciprocidade do diálogo e é muito mais que a simples transmissão de mensagem, é, sobretudo, constituição de sujeitos. Constituição de sujeitos é uma das principais ações da linguagem. Considerar a língua como ação é assumir que a prática social, que chamamos linguagem, é indissociável de suas consequências éticas, sociais, econômicas e culturais. Por essa perspectiva, essa comunicação tem por objetivo observar, no texto A Ressurreição de Roma, de Lubich (1949), as consequências de seu dizer para a vida em sociedade. Chiara Lubich (1920-2008) é uma das figuras mais representativas do diálogo intercultural e interreligioso do século XX. Fundadora do Movimento dos Focolares, utilizou múltiplos meios de comunicação para difundir seus pensamentos, deixando um grande arquivo de publicações, ainda parcialmente inédito. Teoricamente, buscamos, principalmente, apoio em Bakhtin (2014) e na pragmática de Austin (1990). Metodologicamente, faremos um percurso bibliográfico. Espera-se consolidar a visão da linguagem enquanto ação e mostrar sua importância na construção de relações mais sólidas, ancoradas em um discurso, que encontre respaldo nas ações realizadas na sociedade.&#x0D; &#x0D; Palavras- chave: Linguagem, Ação, Lubich

Recent advances in flexible electronics have highlighted the importance of high throughput, digital additive microfabrication techniques. In this work, we demonstrate the combination of laser printing and laser sintering of a novel copper nanoparticle ink onto flexible substrates in order to produce oxide free conductive copper patterns in ambient atmospheric conditions. The printed patterns exhibit high reproducibility, very low resistivity (about 2x bulk), and negligible oxidation according to Raman spectroscopy. The process has been employed for the fabrication of an on-chip antenna on a flexible substrate for use in combination with a flexible circuit, in applications where a small form factor and simplicity of integration are required alongside ultra-low cost, e.g. consumable tagging.

Tras las investigaciones de los últimos años en que han aparecido distintas propuestas pragmáticas, se plantea la necesidad de una metodología única para la Lingüística. En el presente estudio se presenta una propuesta modular de Lingüística Pragmática que sirva de modelo global para toda manifestación discursiva. En ella se integran aspectos intralingüísticos y contextuales, que se influyen mutuamente. La rentabilidad de dicho modelo se demuestra con casos prácticos del nivel palabra, enunciado y texto.