Praktikertjänst

BackgroundRecent breakthroughs in artificial intelligence research include the development of generative pretrained transformers (GPT). ChatGPT has been shown to perform well when answering several sets of medical multiple-choice questions. However, it has not been tested for writing free-text assessments of complex cases in primary care.ObjectivesTo compare the performance of ChatGPT, version GPT-4, with that of real doctors.Design and settingA blinded observational comparative study conducted in the Swedish primary care setting. Responses from GPT-4 and real doctors to cases from the Swedish family medicine specialist examination were scored by blinded reviewers, and the scores were compared.ParticipantsAnonymous responses from the Swedish family medicine specialist examination 2017–2022 were used.Outcome measuresPrimary: the mean difference in scores between GPT-4’s responses and randomly selected responses by human doctors, as well as between GPT-4’s responses and top-tier responses by human doctors. Secondary: the correlation between differences in response length and response score; the intraclass correlation coefficient between reviewers; and the percentage of maximum score achieved by each group in different subject categories.ResultsThe mean scores were 6.0, 7.2 and 4.5 for randomly selected doctor responses, top-tier doctor responses and GPT-4 responses, respectively, on a 10-point scale. The scores for the random doctor responses were, on average, 1.6 points higher than those of GPT-4 (p<0.001, 95% CI 0.9 to 2.2) and the top-tier doctor scores were, on average, 2.7 points higher than those of GPT-4 (p<0.001, 95 % CI 2.2 to 3.3). Following the release of GPT-4o, the experiment was repeated, although this time with only a single reviewer scoring the answers. In this follow-up, random doctor responses were scored 0.7 points higher than those of GPT-4o (p=0.044).ConclusionIn complex primary care cases, GPT-4 performs worse than human doctors taking the family medicine specialist examination. Future GPT-based chatbots may perform better, but comprehensive evaluations are needed before implementing chatbots for medical decision support in primary care.

Monografija je namenjena dvigu kakovosti PU visokošolskih študentov, vsem sedanjim in prihodnjim mentorjem visokošolskim učiteljem za PU in mentorjem v organizacijah, podjetjih in zavodih, kjer se izvaja PU. Koristna je za vse študente, ki opravljajo PU doma in v tujini ter za strokovnjake, ki se ukvarjajo z mentorstvom v praktičnem usposabljanju.

Across the globe, the effects of the Corona Virus is significant, a prevailing system of rules has to be established for the betterment of sustainability of life. Government across several countries are issuing guidelines so that spread of COVID-19 can be curbed. Vaccination is closely associated with immunization as a strong prevention measure, many countries have developed it and required mandatory by every citizen. But unfortunately, it has been observed that a majority of the population is not following basic safety assurance protocols like wearing the mask in public maintaining minimum social distance during the execution of work. This situation is raising a big threat of the spread of the virus in society and life endangerment as well. Countries with a high density of population like India are majorly suffering from these issues. In these countries majority of the population travels through public transport most government offices, as well as educational bodies, are over-crowded. There is an urgent requirement for a proper monitoring system to inspect the compliance of basic rules for safety. Defaulters must be detected, and reminders must be given, followed by punishment. We have developed a solution that can identify people with and without masks and take suitable action accordingly. The deep learning approach to detect the mask is showing up accuracy to a reasonable level. We have used publicly available data sets and random images available on the Internet to test our system.

Artikel ini membahas tentang Pembalikan Beban Pembuktian Pada Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang Studi Putusan Mahkamah Agung RI NO. 1454. K/PID.SUS/2011 Dan Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Lamongan No.262/PID.SUS/2017/PN LMG Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan penerapan Pembalikan Beban Pembuktian pada Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang di Indonesia dan menganalisis penerapan Pembalikan Beban Pembuktian tersebut telah bersesuaian dengan Pembalikan Beban Pembuktian yang dimaksud dalam Konvensi PBB Anti Korupsi Tahun 2003 serta praktik Pembalikan Beban Pembuktian di beberapa negara lain di antaranya di Hongkong dan India.. Jenis Penelitian ini adalah penelitian Hukum normatif yaitu dengan meninjau fakta terhadap Undang-Undang, meninjau norma dengan norma lain (norma yang khusus dengan norma yang umum). Penelitian ini bertitik tolak dari telaah hukum positif. pendekatan undang-undang, pendekatan kasus, pendekatan konseptual dan pendekatan komparatif.Kata Kunci : Pembalikan Beban Pembuktian, Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang.

General practitioners (GPs) are often the first point of contact for Swedish patients seeking medical advice for skin lesions of concern, but many lack training in dermoscopy. To examine the effects of a 1-day training course in dermoscopy among Swedish GPs. The intervention group consisted of GPs who underwent a 1-day training course in dermoscopy and a control group that did not undergo any education. Before the training course, the intervention group performed a test consisting of 30 dermoscopy cases including 9 different benign and malignant melanocytic and nonmelanocytic diagnoses. The participants then took the same test directly after the course and again after 6 months. The control group took the same test twice with a 6-month interval in between tests in order to avoid recall bias. Twenty-seven GPs in the intervention group took the test before and immediately after the course with an improvement of their median test scores by 8 points (13 vs 20 correct answers, P < 0.01). Eighteen participants also took the test a third time after 6 months with similar results compared with the second test (median scores of 20.5 vs 20.0, P = 0.3). In the control group, 16 persons preformed both tests with an improvement of their median score by 2 points (13.5 vs 15.5 correct answers, P = 0.06). The results of this study show positive effects on diagnostic accuracy in a test situation among GPs receiving a 1-day training course in dermoscopy.

Aims:The study aimed to assess and compare the self-reported oral health knowledge, habits, and perceptions of adolescents in Portugal, Romania, and Sweden and the factors that may affect them.Materials and Methods:An oral health questionnaire with 25 questions was put together in English language and translated into Portuguese, Romanian, and Swedish language to investigate and compare oral health-related knowledge, habits, and perceptions of adolescents from the different countries. A voluntary sample of 879 teenagers completed it, mean aged 14.9 (±1.83) years, from Romania (n = 455), Portugal (n = 200), and Sweden (n = 224) as part of the EuHyDens project. The survey took place between November 2015 and June 2016.Results:It showed some differences between the countries studied but more similarities between Portuguese and Romanian adolescents as related to perceptions of oral health and the use of oral services. Sweden and Portugal are more similar regarding oral health habits (toothbrushing and diet) as compared to Romanian adolescents. Portuguese adolescents have a higher oral health-related knowledge.Conclusion:Assessment of knowledge, perceptions, and habits of a population is essential for the adequate understanding of the oral health-care needs of the society. From the data collected, several differences were found. These differences can be used for tailor interventions to minimize inequalities between countries.

The article is devoted to some recent issues of deprivation of liberty, which is applied in the course of criminal proceedings -basically, arrest and detention -in Latvian criminal procedure law, addressing: (1) extending the cases of arrest, (2) an unclear situation of detention and arrest of juveniles when committing a less serious crime.The current situation is characterised and solutions suggested.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the effect of product display and product quality either partially or simultaneously to purchasing decision at the Star Store- Bekasi. This type of research uses descriptive quantitative approach. The population was customer of The Star Store .The total sample of 30 respondents taken by purpose sampling technique. Data collection method use questionnaire.To find out how much the dependent variable effect on the independent variable was used multiple linear regression analysis. The result showed that Product display (X1) and Product Quality (X2) simultaneouslyhave a significant effect on purchasing decision (Y). While Product display (X1) partially have a significant effect on purchasing decision (Y) and Product quality have not a significant effect on purchasing decision (Y). Keyword; product quality, product display, purchasing decision ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pajangan produk dan kualitas produk baik secara parsial maupun simultan terhadap keputusan pembelian di toko Star-Bekasi. Jenis penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif deskriptif. Populasi penelitian ini adalah konsumen Toko Star. Sampel penelitiannya adalah 30 responden yang diambil dengan menggunkan teknik purpose sampling dan metode pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner. Untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh variable dependen terhadap variabel independen digunakan analisis regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan Panjangan produk (X1) dan kualitas produk (X2) secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian (Y). Sedangkan pajangan produk (X1) berpengaruh signifikan terhap keputusan pembelian (Y) dan kualitas produk (X2) tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhap keputusan pembelian (Y). Kata Kunci: Pajangan produk, Kualitas produk dan keputusan pembelian.

Seorang manager keuangan atau pihak-pihak lain yang berkepentingan juga ingin mengetahui sejauh mana kondisi keuangan perusahaannya. Adapun kinerja perusahaan dapat di ukur dengan melakukan analisa terhadap laporan keuangan. Kemudian pihak manajemen yang berkepentingan dalam perusahaan tersebut dapat melanjutkan langkah berikutnya dengan mengaju pada hasil analisa laporan keuangan tersebut sehingga pihak manajemen tidak akan salah dalam pengambilan keputusan yang berhubungan dengan aktifitas operasional perusahaan umumnya ingin memperoleh laba yang maksimal, supaya tujuan tersebut dapat tercapai maka perusahaan harus dikelola dengan baik, salah satu aspek pengelolanya dengan melakukan pencatatan dalam suatu sistem pembukuan yaitu akuntansi. Analisa ini hanya dapat di lakukan jika data akuntansi dan laporan keuangan telah tersedia. Begitu juga halnya, aspek keuangan selalu penting bagi setiap organisasi bisnis yang bertujuan memperoleh laba, tentu saja sangat perlu mendalami berbagai masalah keuangan yang ada dalam perusahaannya dan mengelolanya dengan baik oleh internal perusahaan sendiri. Pihak eksternal perusahaan seperti kreditor, para investor, maupun pemerintah (pajak). Key word : Analisa Rasio, Likuiditas, Laporan Keuangan dan Aspek Keungan

To compare complications after cataract surgery using 2 different phacoemulsification fluidic settings. One cataract surgeon (M.K.) performed phacoemulsification cataract surgery in one eye of 43 patients in this randomized prospective clinical study conducted at St. Erik Eye Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. The patients were randomized to phacoemulsification with low fluidic settings in one group and standard fluidic settings in the other group. Corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), central corneal thickness (CCT), endothelial cell density (ECD), anterior chamber flare, intraocular pressure (IOP), and macular thickness were measured preoperatively and postoperatively, with a final evaluation at 3 months. Surgical time, ultrasound energy, and amount of balanced saline solution used intraoperatively were recorded. Twenty-one patients were included in the group with standard settings and 22 patients were in the group with low settings. There were no significant differences between the groups in CDVA, CCT, flare, IOP, macular thickness, or ECD at 1 day, 3 weeks, or 3 months postoperatively. The surgical time was significantly (p = 0.009) longer and cumulative dissipated energy was significantly (p&lt;0.001) higher in the group with low fluidic settings. Although the surgical time and ECD were significantly higher in the group with low fluidic settings, there were no differences in the CCT, ECD, macular thickness, or inflammation postoperatively between the low and standard fluidic settings during phacoemulsification.