Private Institution “Karaganda University of Kazpotrebsoyuz”

The aim of the research is the studying the electrochemical reduction of the refractory copper mineral malachite from oxidized ores in the presence of sodium sulfite, a sulphidizing agent, and formation of easily floatable copper (I) sulfide under voltammetric polarization conditions. The studies were conducted using a special electrode assembly design for voltammetric studies and microelectrolysis at a controlled potential of both dispersed ore monominerals and depolarizer solutions. Electrode mechanisms for the monovalent copper sulfide formation during combined cathodic reduction of malachite and sodium sulfite were established. A sulfite ion is easily reduced in an acidic medium to highly active colloidal elemental sulfur, making it an effective sulphidizer for malachite. Copper sulfide was synthesized from malachite under microelectrolysis conditions, and the sulphidizing effect of sulfite was confirmed. The effect of the electrode material on the cathodic decomposition of the synthesized Cu2S was observed.

In this work, the kinetics of the redistribution of oils, resins, and asphaltenes in high-viscosity oil from the Karazhanbas field (Republic of Kazakhstan) were investigated. This was achieved with an ultrasonic treatment (22 kHz, 50 W) in the presence of a zeolite catalyst (1.0 wt%). The parameters of the technological process were established as a temperature range from 30 to 70 °C and an exposure time of 3 to 11 min. This allowed us to increase the oil content by 14.8% and decrease the concentration of resins by 12.2% and asphaltenes by 2.6%. Conversion schemes (“oils ↔ resins” and “resins ↔ asphaltenes”) were developed, which made it possible to determine the main direction of the reaction processes. The most rapid process is the conversion of resins to oils (k2 = 0.1148–0.1860 min−1). The process of the cracking of asphaltenes with the formation of resins (k4 = 0.1023–0.1413 min−1) ranks second in rates. Condensation reactions, including the transition of oils to resins (k1 = 0.0175–0.0252 min−1) and resins to asphaltenes (k3 = 0.0139–0.0194 min−1), occur significantly more slowly. The calculated activation energies (7.0–10.4 kJ/mol) show that the cavitation treatment of high-viscosity oil in the presence of a catalyst effectuates the processing of heavy oil with minimal energy consumption. A group composition analysis of the light and middle oil fractions demonstrated an increase in paraffinic, naphthenic, benzenic, and olefinic hydrocarbons, with a simultaneous decrease in naphthalenes and heteroatomic compounds. The results obtained confirm the effectiveness of ultrasonic–catalytic treatment for the structural cracking of high-viscosity oil and the formation of lighter hydrocarbon fractions.

Cancer remains one of the most lethal diseases worldwide, which makes its early detection a critical public health priority. The development of early diagnostic systems enables timely identification of individuals with a high risk of developing cancer and supports informed clinical decision-making. In this study, existing approaches to early cancer diagnosis were systematically analyzed. Neural networks were selected as the methodological foundation for designing the expert system. A knowledge base for the expert system was constructed using domain expertise provided by oncology specialists. Key predictors for building a neural-network model were identified. A mathematical model of the system was implemented in the MATLAB environment using three training algorithms: the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm, Bayesian regularization, and the conjugate-gradient method. A structural design of an expert-system-based early cancer diagnostic system is proposed. Future research will focus on developing a deep-learning model to achieve higher accuracy in forecasting cancer probability.

Участие Казахстана в региональных интеграционных объединениях на современном этапе обусловлено экономическими и политическими союзами с ключевыми игроками региона, с Российской Федерацией и Китаем. В рамках существующих партнерств с крупными державами региона географическое положение Казахстана выступает не только своеобразным транспортно-логистическим конкурентным преимуществом, но и через существующую инвестиционную политику представляющей весомые преференции и благоприятный инвестиционный климат. Участие Казахстана в Евразийском экономическом союзе, в инициативе «Один пояс, один путь» и Шанхайской организации сотрудничества имеет различные особенности исходя из основных целей и задач региональных интеграционных объединений. В рамках данного исследования нами будут проанализированы возможности регионов Казахстана от участия в Евразийском экономическом союзе. Было установлено, что несмотря на санкционное давление на ключевого участника ЕАЭС Россию динамика внешнеторгового оборота Казахстан со странами ЕАЭС, в том числе с РФ, торговля с которой составляет более 90% от всего товарооборота увеличилась незначительно, по сравнению с 2022 годом увеличение составило только 5%. На основе анализа данных внешнеторгового оборота регионов Казахстана со странами ЕАЭС рассчитана динамика коэффициента покрытия по регионам. Данный анализ позволил разработать рекомендации для регионов Казахстана по эффективному взаимодействию с Евразийским экономическим союзом по основным направлениям сотрудничества. Kazakhstan's participation in regional integration associations at the present stage is conditioned by economic and political alliances with key players in the region, with the Russian Federation and China. Within the framework of existing partnerships with major powers in the region, Kazakhstan's geographical location acts not only as a kind of transport and logistics competitive advantage, but also through the existing investment policy, which represents significant preferences and a favorable investment climate. Kazakhstan's participation in the Eurasian Economic Union, the Belt and Road Initiative and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization has various features based on the main goals and objectives of regional integration associations. As part of this study, we will analyze the opportunities for Kazakhstan's regions to participate in the Eurasian Economic Union. It was found that despite the sanctions pressure on Russia, a key member of the EAEU, the dynamics of Kazakhstan's foreign trade turnover with the EAEU countries, including the Russian Federation, with which trade accounts for more than 90% of the total turnover increased slightly, compared with 2022, the increase was only 5%. Based on the analysis of data on the foreign trade turnover of the regions of Kazakhstan with the EAEU countries, the dynamics of the coverage ratio by region is calculated. This analysis made it possible to develop recommendations for the regions of Kazakhstan on effective cooperation with the Eurasian Economic Union in the main areas of cooperation.

В статье рассмотрено текущее состояние внутренних затрат на НИОКР в Республике Казахстан и проанализирована их динамика по трем ключевым направлениям - региональному, функциональному и отраслевому. Цель исследования заключается в выявлении структурных изменений в системе научных расходов и уточнении факторов, влияющих на распределение средств в научно-технологическом секторе. Для достижения данной цели использованы методы сравнительного и структурного анализа, обеспечивающие возможность выявления устойчивых тенденций и интерпретации данных в контексте трансформации национальной системы НИОКР. В работе использованы официальные статистические данные, прошедшие систематизацию и аналитическую обработку. Показано, что внутренние затраты на НИОКР увеличиваются, однако рост сопровождается выраженной неоднородностью между регионами страны. Выявлено усиление концентрации научных ресурсов в крупных городах и отдельных промышленных центрах, что формирует разноскоростные траектории развития. Проанализировано распределение затрат по видам работ; установлено, что наибольший прирост наблюдается в фундаментальных и прикладных исследованиях, тогда как отдельные направления опытно-конструкторских разработок развиваются более медленно. Определено отраслевое смещение в сторону естественных, инженерных и социально-гуманитарных наук, что отражает расширение тематического охвата научной деятельности. Полученные результаты демонстрируют значимость структурной оценки внутренних затрат как инструмента выявления дисбалансов и перспективных направлений развития научной политики. Установленные особенности могут быть использованы для уточнения приоритетов государственной поддержки НИОКР, разработки региональных программ и формирования более сбалансированной архитектуры научного сектора. The article examines the current state of internal R&D costs in the Republic of Kazakhstan and analyzes their dynamics in three key areas - regional, functional and sectoral. The purpose of the study is to identify structural changes in the scientific expenditure system and clarify the factors influencing the allocation of funds in the scientific and technological sector. To achieve this goal, comparative and structural analysis methods were used to enable the identification of sustainable trends and interpretation of data in the context of the transformation of the national R&D system. The work uses official statistical data that has been systematized and analytically processed. It is shown that internal R&D costs are increasing, but the growth is accompanied by pronounced heterogeneity between the regions of the country. The increased concentration of scientific resources in large cities and individual industrial centers has been revealed, which forms multi-speed development trajectories. The distribution of costs by type of work is analyzed; it is established that the greatest increase is observed in fundamental and applied research, while individual areas of development are developing more slowly. The sectoral shift towards natural sciences, engineering, and social sciences and humanities is determined, reflecting the expansion of the thematic scope of scientific activity. The results obtained demonstrate the importance of structural assessment of internal costs as a tool for identifying imbalances and promising areas of scientific policy development. The identified features can be used to clarify the priorities of state support for R&D, develop regional programs and form a more balanced architecture of the scientific sector.

This article examines the legal interpretation of ethicaland cultural dimensions related to the definition of thebeginning of the right to life in international and regionalhuman rights law. Specifically, the European Court ofHuman Rights (ECHR) seeks to analyze how this conceptis interpreted and applied by national legal systems andsupranational bodies within sociocultural frameworks.The study qualitatively reviews key legal documentstogether with domestic legislation plus jurisprudence fromthe ECHR. The findings do reveal that the internationallegal instruments, which do include the EuropeanConvention on Human Rights, don’t establish a uniformstandard for the beginning of life, and the national courtsdefine this threshold with discretion. Jurisprudenceupholds the state margin of appreciation confirmingECHR’s reluctance about imposing a generalizable rule.Different national approaches are shaped through ethicaland through religious traditions. Philosophical traditionsdo also contribute to this shaping. It is concluded thatin fact no universal definition prevails here. Legal birthrecognition presents a structure that constantly weighsstate concerns against individual reproductive rightsunder human rights law

The article presents an analysis of the various aspects related to the investigation of criminal offences under Article 277 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan. This article focuses on the construction sector and provides an in-depth examination of the liability provisions set forth in Article 277 for violations of safety rules in mining and construction works. The study demonstrated a notable surge in the incidence of the analysed offences, coinciding with an increase in accidents in the construction industry at the national level and a concomitant reduction in the preventive influence on these processes. It is evident that pre-trial investigation bodies and courts encounter considerable challenges in investigating torts perpetrated in the context of hazardous work. In light of this, the authors endeavour to delineate measures to enhance the investigative techniques employed in such cases, with a particular emphasis on the comprehensive ascertainment and substantiation of the circumstances surrounding the offence in question. The paper provides a comprehensive examination of the most typical violations of the rules of safe conduct of construction works. It also addresses the characterisation of the subject, issues of guilt, motivation and other equally important matters from the perspective of criminal procedure and criminalistics. Additionally, it considers the problems of qualification of construction accidents. Furthermore, the authors examined the investigative and judicial practice concerning cases of violation of safety rules during construction works, as well as the archival materials of criminal cases. Based on the conducted research, the authors conclude that it is necessary to modify the current wording of Article 277 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan, suggest certain measures to optimise the list of normative legal acts regulating occupational safety in the field of construction, and improve certain stages of investigation of this crime.

This study aims to identify potential failure zones in the ventilation shaft to enhance its safety and durability. The study involved parameter measurement, software modeling, finite element analysis, and analytical calculations. The study confirmed that loose ventilation pits pose a potential operational hazard. The creation of technological regulations for their fixation, including their specifics, proved necessary to ensure safety. The analysis of inelastic deformation zones using RocData and RS3 software revealed that RocData allowed a successful transition from laboratory rock characteristics to massive rock characteristics. At the same time, RS3 provided effective numerical modeling of the stress-strain state of rocks using the finite element method. The analysis results identified the areas of the ventilation shaft that are most vulnerable to failure under various loads, including wind forces, snow loads, and seismic activity. The application of a comprehensive approach, including assessment of the current condition, determination of load types, modeling and analysis of structural integrity, as well as the development of safety and strengthening measures, allowed us to formulate effective strategies for maintaining the safety of the ventilation shaft. Regular monitoring and inspection ensure the reliability and durability of the infrastructure. Based on the identified vulnerable areas, recommendations are developed to strengthen and protect the shaft structure. Proposed safety measures may include changing materials, adding reinforcements, or modifying the structure's geometry.

The article comprehensively and scientifically analyzes the relevance of the concept of “Resei/Russia” in contemporary humanities, as well as its cognitive features.The object of research is the national concept sphere at the present stage in its linguistic objectification. The subject of the study is the conceptual content and semantic scope of the concept “ Resei/Russia” embodied in modern Russian and Kazakh languages.The purpose of the study is a comprehensive description of cognitive features, semantic volume and semantic structure of the concept “ Resei/Russia” its linguistic objectification in modern speech and in modern Russian and Kazakh language consciousness. Cognitive features, semantic volume and semantic structure of the concept according to lexicographic sources are given.The theoretical significance of the article lies in the study of the concept of “Resei/Russia” within anthropocentric, linguo-cognitive, and linguo-cultural, as well as cognitive frameworks. The practical significance lies in the analysis of the concept of “Resei/Russia” based on data from an associative experiment conducted among university students in Karaganda, followed by classification into various cognitive groups in terms of their semantic content.The authors propose experimental verification of the semantic content and semantic scope of this concept in the minds of modern speakers of the Russian and Kazakh languages.The study of these sources, the works of writers and publicists made it possible to identify the main thematic areas of the concept of ‘‘Resei/Russia” significant for national culture: territory, climatic conditions and features of the natural habitat, commonality of historical destinies, statehood, features of social relations and economic structure, ethnic identity, religion and mythology, national culture, mentality, national character, system of ideals and values, specifics of people’s lifestyle, traditions and customs, Russian language, etc.

This study analyzes the impact of digitalization and the integration of environmental, social, and economic factors on the sustainable development of the Kazakhstani banking sector. The methodological basis of the study is represented by the following methods: statistical analysis, strategic analysis, comparative analysis, and empirical analysis. The results of the study show a significant positive interconnection between the level of digitalization and commercial bank profitability (R² = 0.82), which indicates the importance of digital transformation for improving the financial efficiency of the banking sector. In addition, the study revealed that the integration of ESG criteria has a positive impact on the sustainability of second-tier banks in the long term, while in the short term, this impact on financial results was not so statistically obvious. The results obtained during the study complement the existing scientific knowledge on the links between digitalization processes and the implementation of ESG principles into the sustainable development of the banking sector in the context of global changes. The results of the study may be useful for the strategic planning of banking activities, as well as for further research in the field of studying the impact of digitalization and environmental, social, and governmental factors on the sustainable development of second-tier banks.