Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru Memorial Medical College

Introduction:Combined anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and meniscus injuries are common in active individuals. This study evaluates the outcomes of arthroscopic ACL reconstruction with simultaneous meniscus repair.Materials and Methods:A prospective study of 14 patients undergoing ACL reconstruction with meniscus repair was conducted. Lysholm Knee Score and Visual Analog scale (VAS) were used for outcome assessment. Intraoperative and post-operative complications were recorded.Results:All 14 patients had poor pre-operative Lysholm Scores (mean 25.2). At 6 months, 71.4% achieved excellent outcomes, with the mean score improving to 92 (P < 1.54 × 10−17). Mean VAS scores decreased from 4 pre-operatively to 0.8 at 6 months (P < 1.98 × 10−12), indicating significant functional recovery and pain relief.Conclusion:Arthroscopic ACL reconstruction with meniscus repair provides excellent functional outcomes with minimal complications.

Pentanedioic acid-thiourea (PAT), a new hydrogen-bonded organic co-crystal, was produced using a slow evaporation method and examined for its structural and solid-state properties. Single-crystal X‑ray diffraction confirmed an orthorhombic Pnma structure, stabilized by N–H···O and O–H···S hydrogen-bonding frameworks. The FTIR spectrum validated the functional groups and successful co-crystallization. Optical absorption analysis revealed a strong UV band at 232 nm, a sharp cutoff at 298 nm, and a wide bandgap of 4.165 eV, showing UV-filtering and semiconducting properties. The low Urbach energy (0.085 eV) indicated that the material was well-crystallized and had fewer defects. Dielectric tests revealed temperature and frequency-dependent behavior, with AC conductivity following a thermally activated hopping process. Thermal investigation revealed a multi-stage decomposition process, with stability up to 126°C. Thus, the remarkable solid-state properties of PAT co-crystal make it a suitable material for optoelectronic and UV-filtering uses.

This study aimed to determine if the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients with keratoconus had changed in recent times. This prospective multicentre study was conducted at four tertiary eye institutes in India between October 2022 and September 2023. Only patients newly diagnosed with keratoconus were included in the study. The mean age of the 421 patients was 23.5 ± 8.9 years, and there were 249 (59.1%) male and 170 (40.9%) female patients. The highest prevalence (44.89%) was observed between the ages of 20 and 29. Females were younger than males (P = 0.040). The onset of symptoms preceded the diagnosis by 2.7 ± 4.3 years. A total of 298 patients (70.8%) were from the urban areas. The majority of patients (79.1%) belonged to the middle socioeconomic class (P < 0.001), and 251 (59.6%) had obtained a graduate or higher degree (P < 0.001). The most common sign in mild keratoconus was scissors reflex. Binocular vision impairment was absent in 259 patients (61.5%), whereas the rest had some degree of impairment. Keratoconus was asymmetrical in 36.1% of the patients. Clinical signs were absent in 5% of the patients. Despite advances in corneal imaging and awareness about keratoconus, patients were still being diagnosed in the third decade of life. The presence of scissors reflex in patients coming for refraction should alert eyecare professionals to the presence of keratoconus, and corneal tomography should be advised in these patients.

Personalized treatment plans are becoming the norm in modern healthcare, with AI-driven decision support systems creating the optimal care paths based on individual patient needs. Artificial intelligence technologies like Machine learning, Natural language processing (NLP), Predictive analytics, and reinforcement learning utilize diverse data sources, such as electronic health records (EHRs), data from wearable devices, and genetic profiles. AI can use real-time and historical data to provide customized treatments, follow up on progress, and dynamically update care plans, delivering more specific and accurate solutions. With fewer trial-and-error-based processes, the capacity of AI to assist decision-making translates to improved patient outcomes through targeted therapies and support for accurate diagnosis. Realizing these benefits, however, necessitates addressing data privacy, the ethics of large language models, and the risks of biases embedded in AI models. Building trust around these systems requires transparency, explainability, and compliance with regulatory standards (HIPAA, GDPR). Although AI holds immense potential to enhance patient engagement and operational efficiency, integrating extensive data and acceptability among clinicians still holds back its benefits. However, with the advancements in AI technologies, there is hope for real-time, adaptive treatment adjustments and improved collaboration between AI systems and healthcare professionals. AI-based systems are ready to revolutionize personalized healthcare, turning optimal, tailored treatment pathways from an idea into a reality in multiple patient cohorts.

House dust mite (HDM) allergies affect a significant portion of the global population. A considerable number of people in India suffer from allergic rhinitis (AR), and many individuals with AR are affected by HDM allergies. The management of allergic conditions, such as AR and allergic asthma (AA), has predominantly depended on drugs providing symptomatic relief and avoidance measures. These approaches do not include disease-modifying drugs and have limitations, including incomplete relief, slow onset of action, lack or drop-off in efficacy with continued use, and frequent exacerbations. With multiple species of HDM in India and high rates of sensitization among patients with nasobronchial allergy, symptomatic management is inadequate. Allergen immunotherapy (AIT), including sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT), represents the only disease-modifying treatment for allergic conditions. Unlike subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT), SLIT has the advantages of being non-invasive, allowing at-home administration, and having a lower potential for anaphylactic reactions. This review highlights the need for SLIT and explores the mechanism and clinical benefits of this novel immunotherapy.

The migration of immunocompetent cells plays a central role in the development of thyroid damage. It involves lymphocyte-platelet adhesion (LPA), which not only promotes cell movement through the vascular wall, but also the relationship between other cellular and humoral mechanisms engaged in the immune defense mechanism, as well as the response of the vascular endothelial wall. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of associations of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of P-selectin gene ( SELP ) (Thr715Pro), E-selectin gene ( SELE ) (Leu544Phe and Ser128Arg), the level of their soluble forms sPand sE-selectin and LPA in hyperthyroidism syndrome. Material and methods. 63 patients with hyperthyroidism syndrome due to diffuse toxic goiter (56 %) and nodular/multi-nodular toxic goiter (44 %) were studied. The control group consisted of 48 practically healthy volunteers, matched for sex and age. The LPA, the polymorphism of the Pand E-selectin genes, the concentration of sPand sE-selectin was determined. Results and discussion . It was found that in patients suffering from thyrotoxicosis syndrome, the ability of lymphocytes to form bundles with platelets decreases: the number of lymphocyte-platelet coaggregates (LTC) in them was 5.2 [3.9; 6.6] %, while in healthy people it was 14.0 [12.1; 15.2] % ( p &lt; 0.05). There is also a decrease in the number of platelets coming into contact with lymphocytes. In patients with thyrotoxicosis with a heterozygous Thr/Pro genotype for the Thr715Pro SNP of the SELP gene, the concentration of sP-selectin is two times lower than in homozygotes Thr/Thr ( p &lt; 0.05). The analysis of the sE-selectin content revealed no differences that could depend on the SELE Leu544Phe and Ser128Arg SNP, the effect of these polymorphisms on LPA has also not been established. Conclusions. In patients with hyperthyroidism, there is a significant decrease in adhesion between lymphocytes and platelets. The concentration of sP-selectin varies depending on patient’s genotype at SELP gene SNP Thr715Pro, which in turn affects LPA to varying degrees.

events (secondary metabolites), 386

Abstract Background: Exocrine salivary glands have an incidence rate of 59.94 per 100,000 people. Neoplastic lesions account for 2.5–3 per 100,000 cases and make up about 2%–6% of all head and neck cancers. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a quick, cost-effective diagnostic method with generally high predictive accuracy, playing a crucial role in the early detection and risk assessment of malignancies. Aims and Objectives: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of FNAC compared to histopathological findings and to examine the range of salivary gland lesions in relation to patient demographics. Materials and Methods: This observational, cross-sectional study was conducted on 90 cases of salivary gland lesions that underwent both fine needle aspiration and histopathology examination at the Department of Pathology, Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru Memorial Medical College, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India, over a period of 6 years (January 2019–December 2024). Results: Out of 90 cases, 75 were neoplastic lesions, including 45 benign and 30 malignant tumors, while 15 cases were nonneoplastic. FNAC showed a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 86.7% in distinguishing neoplastic from nonneoplastic lesions. The positive predictive value was 91.7%, and the negative predictive value was 84.3%. The overall diagnostic accuracy of FNAC was 86.7%. Conclusion: FNAC shows high sensitivity and satisfactory specificity, making it an effective first-line diagnostic tool for salivary gland lesions. It enables early diagnosis and guides suitable clinical management.