Public Knowledge

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used in industrial monitoring and decision support, yet they remain prone to process-control hallucinations—diagnoses and explanations that sound plausible but conflict with physical constraints, sensor data, or plant dynamics. This paper investigates hallucination as a failure of abductive reasoning, where missing premises, weak mechanistic support, or counter-evidence lead an LLM to propose incorrect causal narratives for faults such as pump restriction, valve stiction, fouling, or reactor runaway. We develop a neuro-symbolic framework in which Abductive Logic Programming (ALP) evaluates the coherence of model-generated explanations, counter-abduction generates rival hypotheses that test whether the explanation can be defeated, and Discourse-weighted ALP (D-ALP) incorporates nucleus–satellite structure from operator notes and alarm logs to weight competing explanations. Using our 500-scenario Process-Control Hallucination Dataset, we assess LLM reasoning across mechanistic, evidential, and contrastive dimensions. Results show that abductive and counter-abductive operators substantially reduce explanation-level hallucinations and improve alignment with physical process behavior, particularly in “easy-but-wrong’’ cases where a superficially attractive explanation contradicts historian trends or counter-evidence. These findings demonstrate that abductive reasoning provides a practical and verifiable foundation for improving LLM reliability in safety-critical process-control environments.

Rural communities in Zimbabwe face poverty and food insecurity amid fragmented and inadequate social protection in both rural and urban areas. Traditional beer brewing is an alternative socio-economic development for marginalised groups like women and low-income households. We explore the contribution of traditional beer brewing to rural socio-economic development in Zimbabwe and examine the challenges that threaten its sustainability as a survival strategy. Using a qualitative approach and autoethnographic design, data were collected through relational conversations and analysed thematically. Findings reveal that traditional beer brewing fosters income generation, financial resilience, and mutual aid through informal savings, funeral contributions, and labour-sharing. However, resource scarcity, commercialisation, and declining intergenerational knowledge threaten its sustainability. We advocate for integrating indigenous economic practices into broad socio-economic development strategies, recommending revitalising knowledge transfer, strengthening of cooperative savings, sustainable resource management, and policy recognition to ensure the long-term viability of traditional beer brewing in rural Zimbabwe.

Abstract Over the past century, discussions around underdevelopment in colonial dependencies have focused on pre-independence antecedents, yet recent research interest in Ghana is lacking. This study uses imperialist development theory to explore how these antecedents influence contemporary underdevelopment in Northern Ghana amidst the SDGs. Data was gathered ethnographically through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with 14 participants, selected via purposive and convenience sampling. Analysis using NVivo version 12 revealed the significant role of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade and colonialism in the North’s development quagmire. We recommend: (a) reparatory policies from central government and respective colonial empires to address historical abuses and injustices, (b) a thoughtful integration of global development approaches with home-grown initiatives tailored to the North’s specific needs, (c) upgrading the development infrastructure, education and vocational training, to attract requisite investments and economic activities, and (d) Northern elite-led advocacy to ensure continuous commitment and cooperation among development stakeholders to adapt to evolving needs of the people. Our study is relevant to academic debates on the search for sustainable development in colonial dependencies struggling with regional development disparities.

The Open Access movement has profoundly reshaped scholarly communication by promoting universal, free access to academic knowledge. In Latin America, this movement has evolved into a broader Open Science agenda, emphasizing not only access to publications but also the opening of data, methodologies, infrastructures, and governance models. This article examines the trajectory of the Public Knowledge Project (PKP) as a case study of how community-driven, open-source infrastructures can sustain the values of transparency, equity, and multilingual inclusion at a global scale. Drawing from nearly three decades of regional experience, we analyze PKP’s impact across UNESCO’s four pillars of Open Science: open knowledge, open infrastructures, dialogue with diverse knowledge systems, and societal engagement. Particular attention is given to the strategic role of Latin America, where decentralized, non-commercial models—now internationally recognized as Diamond Open Access—have long been the norm. We argue that PKP’s development illustrates both the opportunities and tensions of advancing Open Science: ensuring sustainability without commercial capture, balancing global standards with local needs, and safeguarding scientific knowledge as a public good. The lessons from Latin America highlight the importance of governance structures, inter-institutional collaboration, and epistemic diversity for building a more just, inclusive, and sustainable scientific ecosystem.

Title PageTitle: Genetic and Environmental Contributions to Acute (Myo)Pericarditis: A Comprehensive Case StudyAuthors Names: Destiny Nicholson, PharmD candidate 2025, Lusia Fomuso, PharmD, MPH, CPGxAffiliations: RxKnowledge PLLC, USA

This paper examines the evolution of science communication as a foundational element of the knowledge -based economy, highlighting its transformation from philosophical dialogues to structured knowledge transfer systems. Emphasizing nuclear and photonic domains, it illustrates how communication practices have mirrored societal and economic needs through historical stages such as natural philosophy, popularization of science, and science PR. The study argues that knowledge transfer represents the most advanced form of science communication, particularly under cognitive and semiotic frameworks. By mapping these changes and analyzing historical examples, the paper offers a compelling narrative of how science communication now plays a central role in national development and public engagement. This paper aims to trace science communication's historical evolution and current role of science communication as a vehicle for knowledge transfer within the Knowledge -based Economy. The article is part of an extensive scientific research focus on Risk Communication in Nuclear and Photonic Fields in the Knowledge -based Economy.

Arabic Language Education is one of the most popular study programs at the Darul Ulum Kandangan Islamic Institute, many students make Arabic Language Education their first choice when choosing a study program, there are several things that underlie them choosing the Arabic Language Education study program as their first choice including previous educational background, interest in Arabic culture, ideals and motivation from parents and teachers. However, when lectures begin, not all students feel that their choice is right. Difficulty in understanding the material, friendship environment, and changes in lecture schedules cause some students to choose to move to other study programs. The purpose of this study was to determine the decision-making factors for students in choosing an Arabic language education study program at the Darul Ulum Kandangan Islamic Institute. The results showed that 90% of Arabic Language Education students made the Arabic Language Education study program their first choice when choosing a study program. In terms of the accuracy of choosing the Arabic Language Education study program, 70% of students felt it was right, 10% felt it was less right, and 20% felt it was not right

Large Language Models (LLM) often produce text with incorrect facts and hallucinations. To address this issue, we developed a fact-checking system Truth-O-Meter12 which verifies LLM results on the Internet and other sources of information to detect wrong claims/facts and proposes corrections for them. NLP and reasoning techniques such as Abstract Meaning Representation and syntactic alignment are applied to match hallucinating sentences with truthful ones. To handle inconsistent sources while fact-checking, we rely on argumentation analysis in the form of defeasible logic programming, selecting the most authoritative source. Our evaluation shows that LLM content can be substantially improved for factual correctness and meaningfulness on an industrial scale.

The present study aims to address some reflective aspects that show the scars left by the COVID 19 pandemic on students in the years 2020 to 2021 in order to discuss the challenges faced in pedagogical practice during physical education classes, through remote and hybrid teaching. Strengthening a bond between teacher and student, showing that it is possible to work with different classes where everyone feels good and learns together in this exchange of experience. Thus, some objectives a) to become aware of the reality of each student; b) what access to the technologies each one has available; c) provide support to students, investigating and monitoring changes in their emotions; d) offer dynamic and relaxed classes to face this moment together. This research was carried out through the qualitative-descriptive methodology, through experience reports, making use of bibliographic analysis for this purpose. The technique used was participant observation. The reflections from the analysis ensure that there are several challenges to be overcome, the presence of the teacher is of great importance in the lives of these adolescents to provide support, each adolescent/student has their own story and we teachers have the responsibility to show the way and only by knowing each one can we make the appropriate intervention. We are sure that we have learned and will continue to learn a lot, even with these times we are going through, with care and respect we go further working on the aspects that involve the health and well-being of everyone to promote socialization and a healthy routine in daily life.