Public Limited Company for Radioactive Waste Management

The exponential growth of artificial intelligence in healthcare has created unprecedented computational demands, contributing significantly to carbon emissions while often lacking transparency in critical medical decisions. Existing neuromorphic explainable artificial intelligence (NEXAI) systems used in healthcare applications suffer from three primary limitations: inadequate integration of energy-efficient neuromorphic processing with real-time explainability mechanisms, lack of validated frameworks for sustainable resource management in clinical environments, and absence of comprehensive evaluation methodologies that simultaneously address diagnostic accuracy, interpretability, and environmental impact. We develop the NEXAI-Health framework by processing continuous spike streams, iteratively sampling spike rates in the range $$r_s = 480$$–520 spikes/s, with cycle-to-cycle variations of $$\pm 7$$ spikes confirming stable neuromorphic firing behavior. Event-driven thresholds are dynamically tuned to $$\theta _t = 0.42 \pm 0.03$$, and simulation sweeps further validate threshold drift within the narrow interval $$[0.39,\,0.45]$$. The integrated explainability module processes gradient-based attributions using sample magnitudes $$\nabla \Phi = 0.87$$–0.94, internally expanding to per-layer saliency scores $$\{0.91, 0.88, 0.93\}$$ across representative trials. Power-aware profiling confirms that all spiking computations remain within the Intel Loihi energy specification of 23.6 pJ per event, supporting sustainable deployment. Experimental iterations on 109,446 MIT-BIH heartbeat samples yield mean diagnostic accuracy of $$94.7 \pm 2.1\%$$ with explainability scores of $$0.92 \pm 0.04$$, and projected energy-efficiency gains converging to $$67.3 \pm 5.2\%$$ over conventional AI baselines. Statistical validation employs 10-fold stratified cross-validation with Bonferroni-corrected paired t-tests ($$\alpha = 0.0125$$), demonstrating significant improvements over conventional approaches (Cohen’s $$d = 2.84$$, $$p < 0.001$$). The projected neuromorphic energy consumption remains theoretical, with simulated cycles yielding sample values such as 23.6pJ–28.2pJ per spike under a modeled firing rate of $$r_s = 145$$–$$162\,\text {Hz}$$. Claims regarding biodegradable substrate integration are likewise conceptual, assuming provisional material constants $$\kappa _m = 1.12$$–1.34 for tensile–thermal coupling. Clinical translation further mandates regulatory approval and structured physician training, while algorithmic correctness is supported through iterative validation on the MIT-BIH dataset (109, 446 labeled beats). Ultimately, true clinical viability and hardware-level energy efficiency require evaluation on physical neuromorphic processors under real operational constraints.This study presents a theoretical framework validated through software simulation using publicly available MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database; no physical neuromorphic hardware implementation, clinical trials, or human participants were involved.

With pandemics and chronic diseases affecting many, the question of how to ensure access to essential pharmaceuticals, not only becomes a legal debt, but also an important moral imperative.As many international agreements like the TRIPS agreement, and historical health crises demonstrate, all this is a matter of global ethics.By examining the moral obligations enshrined in documents like the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the limitations of patents, and the lifesaving impact of equitable health access, it is imperative that the right to health must take precedence over IP rights. II.DEFINING TERMS AND BURDENS In order to discuss the resolution properly, the affirmative will define a few key terms.The right to health is an inclusive right, extending not only to timely and appropriate health care, but also to the underlying determinants of health, such as access to safe and potable water and adequate sanitation, healthy occupational and environmental conditions, and access to health-related education and information.Equitable access refers to ensuring that all individuals, regardless of socio-economic status, geography, gender, race, or nationality, have fair access to life-saving medicines.However, this does not imply equal access,which would mean the same level of access for everyone.Instead, equity recognizes that those facing greater health challenges or with limited resources require greater support to meet their healthcare needs.As per The World Intellectual Property Organization(WIPO), Intellectual property (IP) refers to creations of the mind, such as inventions; literary and artistic works; designs; and symbols, names, and images used in commerce.A generic drug is a prescription drug that has the same active-ingredient formula as a brand-name drug.Generic drugs usually cost less than brand-name drugs.The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) rates these drugs to be as safe and effective as brand-name drugs.Public health emergency is defined as an urgent situation in which the health status of an area within the territory is adversely affected.It includes localized outbreaks of an infectious disease or a potential outbreak of an infectious disease that has a reasonable possibility of occurring and that poses a significant threat to a community or region in the territory."Prioritizing" equitable access, here, implies that public health and human well-being are given more importance over profits or exclusive control that companies may have over drug patents.It does not imply that intellectual property rights are discarded entirely.Instead, it means that when the two goals-public health and IP protections-are in tension, public health concerns should take precedence."Protecting" intellectual property rights, in this debate, refers to the enforcement of legal measures that ensure the creators or patent holders of pharmaceuticals maintain exclusive rights to produce, sell, or distribute their products.This protection is considered paramount; however, it often comes at the expense of public health, as it creates monopolies that prioritize profit over accessibility, restricting the availability of essential medications for those in need.The affirmative burden is to prove that equitable access to pharmaceuticals is a moral and legal imperative that should outweigh the protection of IP rights.Grounded in international humanitarian frameworks, equitable access is a fundamental right.When patent laws hinder access to life-saving treatments, they violate this fundamental right.Resultantly, by prioritizing equitable access, we are not just addressing a health issue but fulfilling a global moral obligation.Furthermore, the affirmative shall show that equitable access can also be achieved without completely dismantling the International patent frameworks, and also that human life and dignity must take precedence before commercial interests.

Penelitian ini mengkaji perkembangan akad pembiayaan syariah di Bank NTB Syariah pada periode 2019–2024 dengan fokus pada pergeseran dominasi akad sebelum, selama, dan setelah pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif-komparatif berbasis waktu dan teori intermediasi keuangan untuk menganalisis lima akad pembiayaan, yaitu murabahah, musyarakah, mudharabah, qardh, dan ijarah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya pergeseran signifikan dalam struktur pembiayaan bank, dengan akad musyarakah menjadi akad dominan yang meningkat secara konsisten dari Rp311 miliar pada tahun 2019 menjadi Rp1,12 triliun pada tahun 2024. Sebaliknya, akad murabahah mengalami penurunan yang tajam, sementara akad mudharabah dan qardh hanya memiliki peran kecil. Akad ijarah tidak tercatat selama seluruh periode pengamatan. Temuan ini mengindikasikan adanya pergeseran strategi menuju akad berbasis kemitraan untuk mengakomodasi risiko usaha dan ketidakpastian ekonomi. Perubahan ini mendukung relevansi teori intermediasi keuangan syariah serta menegaskan peran adaptif bank syariah daerah dalam menghadapi krisis ekonomi.

Current survey methods for monitoring Eriosoma lanigerum Hausmann, the woolly apple aphid (WAA), in apple orchards are often labor-intensive, imprecise, and inadequate for addressing specific monitoring challenges. To improve this, we initiated the development of innovative approaches to investigate the spring migration and to monitor the colonization of individual observational trees. This study presents the preliminary findings from field trials conducted in 2021 and 2022. We evaluated the effectiveness of repeated, simplified surveys of easily observable parameters (e.g. WAA visual spring colonizzation % on shoots) on selected tree groups. When combined with additional field observations, these simplified methods enabled risk assessments of WAA infestation distribution at group or plot level, and offered a potential for near-term orchard-wide infestation predictions. Notably, a reduced, non-destructive shoot monitoring protocol on a limited number of observational trees yielded sufficient information on colony dynamics across larger orchard sections for the early spring period. However, attempts to extrapolate from current migration intensity to future shoot infestation levels proved unsuccessful. Surprisingly, we documented previously unreported migratory behavior in WAA instars believed to be non-migratory. Despite this, our initial results are promising and support the feasibility of simplifying WAA monitoring methods without compromising accuracy. Some findings, however, warrant further validation.

The age distribution of groundwater retrieved in two boreholes of a claystone formation in the Mecsek Mountains, Hungary, was investigated using age tracers 81Kr and 36Cl, with additional analyses of 4He, 14C, and tritium. The present work aims to search a potential site for a high-level radioactive waste repository. Tracer age results provide significant insights into the temporal evolution of the vertical recharge. Radiogenic 4He concentration increases with depth, and 3He/4He ratios decreasing toward crustal support the hypothesis of an increasing age with depth. Shallow borehole samples reveal a broad age range, including one with an 81Kr model age of approximately 34,000 years, and a 14C model age of 13,400 years. In deeper sections, a 81Kr model age of 625,000 years was broadly consistent with a 36Cl model age of ∼400,000 years, indicating the presence of ancient groundwater. Unexpectedly high 81Kr abundances measured in one borehole indicate underground 81Kr production in a uranium-rich rock formation, adding to uncertainty of 81Kr model ages, whereas the obtained 36Cl ages (∼90,000 to ∼400,000 years) are here considered more reasonable. Noble gas temperatures indicate that recharge occurred during glacial and interglacial periods. This study demonstrates the value of integrating multiple isotopic tracers to address uncertainties in groundwater dating and to provide a robust framework for understanding deep aquifer systems.

Pada tahun 2024, Pemerintah Kabupaten Indramayu fokus pada peningkatan pelayanan publik, khususnya di sektor kesehatan. Penelitian ini mengkaji Puskesmas Cantigi, sebuah pusat pelayanan kesehatan tingkat 3 di Indramayu, yang masih menggunakan metode pencatatan dan pelaporan manual dalam operasionalnya. Penggunaan pencatatan manual ini mengakibatkan berbagai masalah efisiensi dan keakuratan data. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan ini, penelitian ini mengusulkan pengembangan sistem informasi pencatatan berbasis digital. Metode pengembangan yang digunakan adalah metode Agile, yang memungkinkan penyesuaian cepat terhadap perubahan kebutuhan selama proses pengembangan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa implementasi sistem informasi berbasis Agile dapat meningkatkan efisiensi dan akurasi dalam pengelolaan data di Puskesmas Cantigi, serta memberikan contoh penerapan yang bisa diadopsi oleh puskesmas lainnya di Kabupaten Indramayu.

Hardy kiwifruits represent an unexplored agricultural resource for South Tyrol which could be of particular interest to the region by contributing to agricultural biodiversity and the valorisation of minor crops in the area. The main limitation of this crop is its short shelf-life as a fresh raw material, which is related to its intrinsic perishability. Processing hardy kiwis into canned products could be a valid strategy for encouraging the production and spread of this crop throughout the territory, enabling food products derived from it to be available all year round. This study evaluated the suitability of hardy kiwifruits for processing into spreads. Results indicate that no pectin needs to be added to ensure that the fruit spread has a pleasant texture, and browning over time occurred slowly, despite the preserve not being stabilised with antioxidant agents, suggesting that the shelf-life of such a preserve might be quite long. Finally, from a preliminary sensory evaluation, consumers rated the preserve positively with regard to its texture, sweetness and flavour, and it obtained a positive overall evaluation from an organoleptic point of view, indicating that this crop has potential for use in the production of fruit spreads.

Apple Proliferation (AP) is a widespread disease affecting apple orchards throughout Europe, including South Tyrol.The disease is associated with a phytoplasma, 'Candidatus Phytoplasma mali' ('Ca. P. mali'), which manipulates the plant's physiological processes through the secretion of small peptides called effectors. One well-studied phytoplasma effector is SAP11, which targets Teosinte Branched 1/Cycloidea/Proliferating Cell Factor 1 (TCP) genes in multiple plant species, including apple. TCP genes encode plant-specific transcription factors involved in various biological processes, such as growth, development, and responses to stimuli. The identification and naming of TCP genes have been inconsistent, leading to confusion and redundancy in sequence databases. In apple, 52 TCP genes (MdTCP) were identified in 2014 on the 2010 assembly of the apple genome, which is now considered outdated. To address this issue, a comprehensive investigation was conducted to identify and name TCP genes in apple using the high-quality genome assembly, GDDH13v1.1. Existing TCP sequences were aligned with the genome excluding redundant, fragmented, and non-TCP sequences. The revised set comprised 40 unique MdTCPs, including three novel genes. To establish a standardised nomenclature, each MdTCP was BLASTedagainst the Arabidopsis thaliana gene database, in order to identify the best hits for each MdTCP. The MdTCP genes were then renamed, incorporating the letter "a" or "b" to differentiate between MdTCPs showing homology to the same AtTCP, and also between the existing and proposed nomenclatures. The present study highlights the need for clarity and organisation in sequence databases, especially in respect of TCP genes. The presence of redundant and fragmented sequences in databases complicates accurate identification and annotation of genes. By providing a comprehensive and standardised nomenclature system, we aim to enhance the coherence and interoperability of future TCP gene research in plant and crop science. In our view, this work will serve as a valuable resource for researchers studying TCP genes in apple and will provide insights into the evolutionary dynamics and functional roles of TCP genes in plants.

The goal of this research was to investigate different canopy heights and canopy management approaches in VSP-trained vineyards on the production of sugar and other substances present in berries and must, as well as on the resulting wine quality. Two sites, one high vigor and one low vigor, were selected for this study, with the following treatments tested: [1] ‘control’, shoots were topped according to standard practices; [2] ‘without lateral shoots’, all lateral shoots were removed; [3] ‘low canopy’, the canopy was shortened to 50 cm below the height of the ‘control’; [4] ‘twisted shoots’, shoots were not hedged, but instead were horizontally twisted along the upper wires. The ‘low canopy’ treatment revealed little effect on grape ripening parameters, especially in the low vigor trials. Upon sensory analysis, the quality of wine derived from this treatment did not score higher than the control, but rather repeatedly lower. Furthermore, ‘low canopy’ wines exhibited atypical aging notes, and in certain vintages more Berry shrivel was observed during the vegetative season. The ‘twisted shoots’ treatment displayed repeatedly higher YAN values in the must, especially in vineyards with higher vigor, which led to an increase in potential vine fertility. Thus, shortening the canopy was not found to be a suitable technique to delay ripening or improve wine quality.