Qarshi University

Mazkur maqolada o‘quv va ikki tilli lug‘atlarda muqobilsiz leksik birliklarni berishning semantik va pragmatik tamoyillari tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqotda muqobilsiz leksikaning lingvokulturologik tabiati, ularni o‘quv lug‘atlarida talqin etishdagi asosiy muammolar hamda ma’no va nutqiy vaziyat bilan bog‘liq jihatlari yoritiladi. O‘zbek va ingliz tillari materiallari asosida muqobilsiz birliklarni izohlashda semantik ekvivalentlik, pragmatik moslashuv va madaniy kontekstni hisobga olish zarurligi asoslab beriladi. Shuningdek, ayrim hollarda hududiy nutqqa xos birliklar, jumladan Xorazm shevasiga oid leksik birliklar misolida muqobilsiz so‘zlarning lug‘atdagi ifodalanish xususiyatlari ko‘rsatib o‘tiladi. Tadqiqot natijalari o‘quv va ikki tilli lug‘atlarni takomillashtirish, muqobilsiz leksikani izohlashning samarali usullarini ishlab chiqish hamda tarjima va til o‘qitish jarayonida ularning qo‘llanilish imkoniyatlarini kengaytirishga xizmat qiladi

статья посвящена роли инклюзивного образования в начальной школе как ресурса для создания толерантной среды. Рассматриваются принципы и преимущества включения детей с особыми образовательными потребностями в общий учебный процесс. Подчеркивается важность взаимодействия учителей, родителей и школьников в организации инклюзивной образовательной среды. Особое внимание уделяется компетенции педагога в обеспечении равноправного участия всех учеников в учебной деятельности и развитии социальных навыков.

The article analyzes the factors influencing the economic efficiency of dairy and meat production and ways to improve its efficiency. The level of provision of farmers and cattle breeders of the Republic of Uzbekistan, including the Kashkadarya region, with dairy and meat products, as well as the directions of providing the population with livestock products are disclosed.

Sun’iy neyron tarmoqlarning keng imkoniyatlari va ulkan salohiyatidan dalolat beruvchi eng muhim xususiyati axborotni barcha qismlar tomonidan parallel ravishda qayta ishlashidir. Ko‘p sonli neyronlararo bog‘lanishlar bu axborotni qayta ishlash jarayonini sezilarli darajada tezlashtirishga imkon beradi. Ushbu maqolada neyron tarmoqlardan foydalanish, neyron tarmoqlarning asosiy xususiyatlaridan o‘qitish tanlashlari bilan ishlash va tarmoqning matematik modelini qurish masalalari qarab chiqilgan. yashirin qatlam neyronlarining vazniga nisbatan gradiyent komponentlarini aniqlash amalga oshirilgan. Neyron tarmoqlarida xatoning teskari tarqalish algoritmiga muvofiq, har bir o‘quv siklida amalga oshiriladigan bosqichlar keltirilgan.

Ish harakatlanuvchi massalarning past inersiyasiga ega avtomatlashtirilgan stansiyalarda nasoslarni ishga tushirish paytida gidravlik zarbani o‘rganishga va bosim quvurini to‘ldirishda energiya yo‘qotishlarini hisobga olishga bag‘ishlangan. Maqolada nasos stansiyalarini ishga tushirish paytida zarba bosimini o‘rganishga bag‘ishlangan ishlar tahlili keltirilgan. Maqolada nasos stansiyalarini ishga tushirish paytida maksimal zarba bosimining nazariy tadqiqoti keltirilgan bo‘lib, u nasos stansiyalari va ularning asosiy inshootlarining optimal texnik parametrlarini aniq baholash imkonini beradi. Maqolada bosim quvuri uzunligi bo‘ylab energiya yo‘qotilishini hisobga olgan holda nasos stansiyalarini ishga tushirishda maksimal zarba bosimini hisoblash formulasi keltirilgan. Bu bosim tizimining ishonchliligini oshiradi va nasos stansiyalari va ularning inshootlarini loyihalashda resurslarni tejashni ta’minlaydi. Bosim quvurining boshida ochiq klapan o‘rnatilgan nasosni ishga tushirishda maksimal zarba bosimini aniqlash uchun grafikoanalitik usul taklif qilingan. Analitik tadqiqotlar natijalari stansiyalarning asosiy nasoslarini ishga tushirish paytida suv zarbasi bo‘yicha eksperimental ma’lumotlar bilan taqqoslandi. Shu bilan birga, gidravlik zarbaga bog‘liqlik taklif qilinganidan foydalangan holda bosim quvurlarini hisoblash natijalari va eksperimental ma’lumotlar o‘rtasida ishonchli natijaga erishildi.

Ushbu maqolada kichik sanoat korxonalarida mahsulot tannarxini kamaytirish va optimallashtirishning asosiy usullari tahlil qilinadi. Tannarxni kamaytirish orqali korxonalar raqobatbardoshligini oshirish va bozor talablariga tez moslashish imkoniyatiga ega bo‘ladi. Maqolada ishlab chiqarish jarayonlarini samarali boshqarish, xomashyo va resurslardan oqilona foydalanish, texnologik yangilanishlarni joriy etish, shuningdek, logistika va inventarizatsiya tizimlarini takomillashtirish usullari ko‘rib chiqiladi. Bundan tashqari, maqolada kichik biznesning iqtisodiy sharoitlariga mos keladigan tannarxni optimallashtirish strategiyalari ham tavsiya etilgan.

Ushbu tadqiqotda Qashqadaryo viloyati misolida 2010–2025 yillar oralig‘idagi statistik ma’lumotlar asosida iqtisodiy o‘sishning endogen omillari neyro-fuzzy (ANFIS) va ko‘p qatlamli sun’iy neyron tarmoq (MLP) modellarida baholandi. Aholi daromadlari, an’anaviy va raqamli infratuzilma asosiy omillar sifatida tanlandi. ANFIS modeli yuqori aniqlikka (R² = 0.977; RMSE = 0.40; MAPE = 7.8%) erishib, iqtisodiy o‘sishdagi murakkab nochiziqli bog‘liqliklarni samarali aks ettirdi. Raqamli infratuzilma va daromadlar o‘rtasidagi kuchli sinergiya 3D sirt grafigi orqali tasdiqlandi. MLP modelining natijalari esa nisbatan pastroq bo‘ldi. Tadqiqot raqamli infratuzilmani kengaytirish va endogen tahlil yondashuvlarini strategik rejalashtirishda qo‘llash muhimligini ko‘rsatadi

In this cross-sectional, ecological study of Los Angeles County ZIP codes, we evaluated the association between tree canopy coverage and asthma prevalence. Urban tree canopy has been promoted as a way to improve air quality and mitigate urban heat, but its relationship with asthma is not well established. Previous studies have shown mixed results, and little is known about whether associations differ between children and adults or across communities with varying demographic compositions. This study evaluated the association between tree canopy coverage and asthma prevalence across Los Angeles County ZIP codes. Data from 75 ZIP codes with complete information on canopy cover and asthma prevalence were analyzed using correlation, t-tests, and regression models adjusting for population density and minority population composition. Greater canopy coverage was associated with lower pediatric asthma prevalence (β = −0.625, p < 0.001); pediatric rates were 12.7% in low-canopy ZIP codes compared with 10.5% in high-canopy ZIP codes (t = 6.07, p < 0.001). This inverse relationship was stronger in ZIP codes with higher minority populations (interaction β = –0.0145, p = 0.006). In contrast, canopy coverage showed a weak but statistically significant positive association with adult asthma prevalence (β = 0.33, p < 0.001). These findings suggest that urban tree canopy may play a role in reducing pediatric asthma disparities, underscoring the potential of equitable urban forestry strategies as part of public health planning.

The BRG/Brahma-associated factors (BAF or mSWI/SNF) family of chromatin remodeling complexes are critical regulators of gene expression and are major determinants of cancer and other diseases. Two paralog ATPases, SMARCA4 and SMARCA2 (BRG1 and BRM, respectively), provide the enzymatic activity required for chromatin remodeling. Here, we discover and characterize a novel series of compounds that potently and selectively inhibit SMARCA4/SMARCA2. Mutational and biochemical studies demonstrate that these inhibitors act through a unique mode of inhibition, distinct from reported SMARCA4/SMARCA2 inhibitors. Across a range of cancer cell lines, SMARCA4/SMARCA2 inhibition resulted in lineage-specific changes in chromatin accessibility at binding sites for key transcription factors (TFs). In uveal melanoma (UM), BAF inhibition resulted in loss of enhancer occupancy of SOX10 and MITF, two essential TFs, leading to down-regulation of the melanocytic gene expression program. In a mouse xenograft model of UM, SMARCA4/SMARCA2 inhibition was well tolerated and resulted in dose-dependent tumor regression correlating with pharmacodynamic modulation of BAF-target gene expression. These data provide the foundation for first-in-human studies of BAF ATPase inhibition as a novel therapeutic to treat TF-dependent cancers.

Heavy metals, industrial effluents, and persistent organic compounds continue to pose a major global threat to the environment. Traditional remediation techniques, like chemical procedures and microbial degradation, are frequently constrained by their high cost, environmental toxicity, and inefficiency. This review examined current developments in polymer-based nanoparticles and nano-biocatalytic systems as cutting-edge instruments for pollution reduction in order to overcome these constraints. The synthesis, characteristics, and environmental uses of polymer-based nanomaterials and enzyme-immobilized systems were the main topics of our extensive examination of the literature. The effectiveness, stability, and environmental friendliness of these materials were contrasted with those of conventional methods. The evaluation emphasized these hybrid systems’ improved pollutant specificity, reusability, and catalytic activity in eliminating organic pollutants, heavy metals, and dyes from soil, water, and air. Synthesizing data from recent years and critically assessing the complementary roles of enzymes and polymers in environmental cleanup constitutes our distinctive contribution. We suggested that future studies concentrate on enhancing scalability, lowering toxicity, and incorporating these systems into environmentally friendly remediation solutions.