Qatar Airways (Qatar)

Immune system dysregulation is implicated in a wide range of human diseases, including cancer. Genetic studies have shown evidence of a link between immune diseases and cancer; therefore, deficits of immune system-related genes could be involved in cancer development. In this study, we compiled a curated list of immune system-related genes linked to cancer. In this study, we constructed a list of immune system-related genes by selecting relevant genes from Gene Autoimmune disease Association Database (GAAD), International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS) and DisGeNET databases. After careful curation and deduplication, 722 genes were classified into three tiers according to gene-disease association scores from the DISEASES tool: Tier-1 (147 genes), Tier-2 (332 genes), and Tier-3 (243 genes), reflecting their links to immune diseases. Using online pathway analysis tools DAVID and Enrichr, we verified the biological functions of the genes in each tier. Functional validation analyses showed that Tier-1 genes were strongly enriched for cytokine-mediated signaling, interleukin pathways and innate/adaptive immune responses, reflecting important immune-cancer mechanisms. Tier-2 genes were mainly enriched for innate immune responses, chemokine signaling pathways, and T-cell differentiation and checkpoint pathways. This reflected the Tier-2 genes’ broader immune regulatory functions. Tier-3 showed less immune-related functional enrichment than Tier-1 and Tier-2, enriched for complement activation, telomere maintenance, and broad cellular pathways. We believe that this curated immune-cancer gene database of 722 genes will be a valuable and reliable source for scientists studying the relationship between immune system-related genes and cancer. It provides a biologically validated source that might complement automated gene-disease association sources and support the training and enhancement of current AI tools used to identify genes linked to cancer from large datasets.

An increasing body of evidence supports the role of altered sensory processing in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This exploratory study undertook corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) to assess for differences in corneal nerve fiber density (CNFD), branch density (CNBD) and fiber length (CNFL) in relation to ASD severity in children with ASD+ADHD (n = 21), ASD (n = 6) and healthy controls (HC) (n = 15). CNBD was significantly lower in children with ASD+ADHD (P = 0.002) and ASD (P < 0.001) and CNFL was significantly lower in children with ASD (P = 0.02) compared to HC. However, CNFD (mean difference = 2.28, 95% CI [-5.84, 10.40], P > 0.99) CNBD (mean difference = 14.1, 95% CI [-8.22, 36.4], p = 0.37) and CNFL (mean difference = 2.46, 95% CI [-2.28, 7.20], p = 0.61) did not differ between ASD+ADHD and ASD. CNFD (P = 0.876), CNBD (P = 0.405) and CNFL (P = 0.606) did not correlate with the severity of ASD. Corneal confocal microscopy reveals sensory nerve degeneration in children with ASD+ADHD and ASD alone compared to controls. Larger studies integrating CCM with sensory and cognitive assessment are required to determine the utility of CCM as a clinical screening strategy for neurodegneration in ASD, ADHD and ASD-ADHD combined.

Concepts are fundamental to nursing theory, practice, and research, serving as abstract constructs that represent key aspects of human experience. However, the reporting of concept analysis in nursing lacks standardised guidelines, leading to inconsistencies in methodological transparency and rigour. Existing frameworks for qualitative and mixed-methods research do not adequately address the unique aspects of concept analysis. This study aims to develop a comprehensive reporting guideline for concept analysis in nursing research, guided by the EQUATOR Network toolkit. The first stage of guideline development involves a systematic review of MEDLINE, CINAHL, and PsycINFO to identify key components of concept analysis reporting in nursing. The review will focus on studies utilising concept analysis within the nursing metaparadigms: person, environment, health, and nursing, while adhering to PRISMA guidelines to ensure methodological rigour. The systematic review synthesised existing literature to establish a foundational framework of essential elements for reporting concept analysis in nursing. Findings from this review will inform a subsequent Delphi study and structured guideline development process. The resulting standardised reporting framework will enhance methodological consistency, transparency, and reproducibility in concept analysis, thereby contributing to the advancement of nursing theory, research, and practice.