Rajasthan Technical University

Objective: To evaluate the pattern of drug utilization, demographic characteristics, routes of administration, duration of hospital stay, and clinical outcomes in patients with myocardial infarction admitted to a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This was a hospital-based observational study conducted over a period of six months in the Pharmacology Department in coordination with the Cardiology Department of a tertiary care hospital in southern Rajasthan. A total of 100 patients with confirmed diagnosis of myocardial infarction were included. Data regarding demographics, drug prescriptions from admission to discharge, routes of administration, fixed-dose combinations, and clinical outcomes were collected from inpatient records and analysed descriptively. Results: The majority of patients were aged 61–70 y (37%), followed by 51–60 y (32%), with a marked male predominance (82%). Most patients recovered (93%), while in-hospital mortality was 7%. Combination routes of drug administration (oral, sublingual, and parenteral) were used in 84% of patients. Half of the patients had a hospital stay of 3–4 d. Antiplatelet drugs were prescribed to 99% of patients, with dual antiplatelet therapy being most common (73%). Statins (94%), beta-blockers (88%), anticoagulants (85%), and nitrates (89%) were widely used. Proton pump inhibitors were prescribed to all patients, while antibiotics were used in 51%. Fixed-dose combinations, particularly aspirin with clopidogrel and statins, were frequently prescribed. Conclusion: The study demonstrates a high level of adherence to evidence-based guidelines in the pharmacological management of myocardial infarction at the tertiary care hospital. The prescribing pattern reflects rational use of essential cardiovascular drugs and effective acute management, as evidenced by favourable clinical outcomes. However, the use of certain non-cardiac medications highlights the need for regular prescription audits to further promote rational drug use.

The article discusses several innovative and intriguing aspects of the fractional operator-based fractional blood ethanol concentration model involving first-order chemical reactions. The most commonly used fractional operator, Caputo, performs the analysis. The analytical results of blood ethanol concentration are examined utilizing the computation matrix Mittag-Leffler function (MMLF). Solutions' ethanol concentrations are displayed as an extended series. A graphical representation of the effect of fractional parameters on ethanol concentrations is provided. The comparative analysis for concentrations demonstrates the proposed model's novel composite fractional derivative properties. According to studies, fractional models approximate real data more correctly than their integer order derivative operator counterparts. The fractional blood alcohol models presented provide essential and beneficial results that can be used to forecast future information for the medical community.

This study explores the potential of dairy processing sludge (DPS) as a resource for producing biochar to treat dairy wastewater. DPS contains hazardous pollutants such as antibiotics, hormones, pesticides, disinfectants, and microplastics, posing environmental risks. Through pyrolysis at 250°C–350°C, DPS was converted into biochar using an innovative, low-cost, small-scale system called BioCharan, which utilises a modified mustard oil tin for on-site production. The resulting biochar displayed favourable characteristics, including 40.067% carbon, 5.354% hydrogen, and 2.743% nitrogen content, confirmed through Fourier-transform infrared and X-ray diffraction analysis. A filtration system combining this biochar with river sand was developed and tested for its pollutant removal efficiency. The system effectively removed total suspended solids (83.71%), oil and grease (66.82%), chemical oxygen demand (42.86%), biochemical oxygen demand (31.55%), sulphate (30.77%), phosphate (26.67%), nitrate (25%), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (23.53%), total dissolved solids (11.72%), and fluoride (1.72%), while also improving pH from 6.30 to 6.74. Key parameters like porosity and surface area supported the biochar’s strong adsorptive capabilities. This research highlights a sustainable approach by converting sludge waste into an effective treatment medium, offering an eco-friendly solution for both waste disposal and water purification, thus presenting a circular strategy in dairy wastewater management.