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Urbanisation has increased the need for sustainable urban development by positioning smart cities as critical frameworks for addressing environmental, economic, and social challenges. This study evaluates the sustainability strategies of three leading smart cities Zurich, Oslo, and Copenhagen by examining their environmental footprint, energy consumption, waste management, and air quality. The study uses a PRISMA-based systematic literature review to put together evidence from peer-reviewed articles published between 2017 and 2024. The Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) was used to assess the quality of the articles. The study reveals that smart mobility and waste-to-energy systems drive Zurich’s strengths in urban densification and public transportation, Oslo’s leadership in renewable energy and electric mobility, and Copenhagen’s ambitious carbon–neutral initiatives. Despite these achievements, challenges such as high implementation costs, slow technological adoption, and social equity issues persist, emphasising the complexity of achieving inclusive and sustainable urban evolution. To address these challenges, this study recommends increasing public participation through inclusive urban planning and digital platforms, strengthening policy frameworks, and funding for sustainability projects, and investing in data collection technologies to monitor real-time environmental impacts. Furthermore, fostering cross-city collaboration and addressing energy consumption challenges associated with AI and IoT are essential for scaling successful models globally. These insights offer actionable guidance for policymakers and urban planners to improve sustainability strategies and ensure long-term benefits.

Community relationships play a crucial role in shaping the effectiveness and equity of healthcare delivery systems. This paper explores the significance of these relationships, examining their impact on healthcare service delivery, patient experiences, and overall health outcomes. Effective community relationships facilitate improved access to healthcare services by fostering trust, addressing cultural and social barriers, and enhancing communication between healthcare providers and community members. Patient experiences are enriched through personalized care, active engagement, and a sense of empowerment in decision-making processes. Moreover, strong community relationships contribute to measurable improvements in health outcomes, including better disease management and reduced healthcare disparities. Future research should focus on strategies for sustaining and scaling effective community engagement initiatives, particularly in diverse and underserved populations. This includes exploring the long-term impacts of community relationships on health outcomes and developing culturally responsive healthcare practices. Policymakers and healthcare leaders are encouraged to prioritize investments in community relationship-building, promoting policies that support inclusivity, cultural competence, and equitable access to healthcare services. Keywords: Community Relationships, Healthcare Delivery, Patient Experience, Health Outcomes, Health Equity.

Abstract This article engages with the moral theology of William Perkins of Cambridge (1558–1602), with particular attention to his celebrated and influential case divinity. Perkins’s case divinity set the stage for a Protestant return to casuistical ethics, following the eschewal and neglect of such applied moral reflection in the initial phases of the Reformation. While his cases originally received a positive reception, more modern evaluations have been less approving. Perkins has been accused of attempting to curtail Christian liberty by forging codes of piety and morality that crowd out space for personal deliberation and judgment. This essay argues that such evaluations misapprehend Perkins’s casuistical enterprise, overlooking or obscuring its chief and ultimate aim, which is didactic rather than prescriptive.

Modern TheologyEarly View Book Review Faith Facing Reality: Stirring Up Discussion with Bonhoeffer by John W. Gruchy (Eugene, OR: Cascade Books, 2022), x + 177 pp. Jens Zimmermann, Corresponding Author Jens Zimmermann [email protected] Regent College, 5800 University Blvd. Vancouver, B.C, CANADA, V6T 2E4Search for more papers by this author Jens Zimmermann, Corresponding Author Jens Zimmermann [email protected] Regent College, 5800 University Blvd. Vancouver, B.C, CANADA, V6T 2E4Search for more papers by this author First published: 22 May 2023 https://doi.org/10.1111/moth.12877Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Early ViewOnline Version of Record before inclusion in an issue RelatedInformation

Symptoms of post-traumatic disorder in rough sleepers and how nurse practitioners can adopt a trauma-informed approach to their care

Each DNA molecule consists of a base pair of nucleotides, either guanine (G) coupled with cytosine (C), or adenine (A) coupled with thymine (T).  GC and AT base molecules linked together in long chains is analogous to binary computer coding in which each molecule is either a “GC” or an “AT” (rather than a “1” or a “0”).  Advanced species have significantly less DNA encoding than primitive species.  The amphibian that evolved from a fish no longer needs those parts of its DNA that were exclusive to fish and so loses them.  Similarly, the lizard loses those parts of its DNA that were required by amphibians, and so on up the evolutionary scale.  Every species carries with it disproportionately huge amounts of inactive DNA that they themselves cannot possibly use.  This is for the sole purpose of keeping biological codes in reserve as a backup contingency plan in case of mass extinctions.  Every organism is thus preprogrammed with a binary encoded genetic template for what it could evolve to as a species plus endless possibilities for the evolution of new species.  Darwinian natural selection is merely a small incidental part of this evolutionary process.

Thus far we have focused on an ecological grammar of violence, but there are other ways we can examine biblical conceptions of the problem of violence. Some are less cosmic in scope, and focus more specifically on the ways that violence stems from flaws in one’s speech, a topic that finds frequent mention in biblical discussions of moral character. ‘Those who seek my life speak destruction’, says the psalmist; ‘They murmur treacheries all day long.’ The Hebrew Bible offers a rich variety of expression about the relationship between one’s moral character and violence. By moral character, I refer to the ‘sum and range of specifically ethical qualities or traits the individual or community possesses’.1 Concerns about moral character vary across biblical literature, and are arranged according to particular cultural priorities. Anne Stewart rightly contends that ‘the concept of character displays certain values that a society privileges and its assumptions about what it means to be human’. It follows that ‘the study of character is inevitably a study of the larger moral culture in which it is rooted’.2 Attending to the varied grammar of moral character will involve analysis of the ways that different authors organize their moral worlds. Particular moral values will step into the foreground in some bodies of literature, and recede in others. Moreover, those values concerning violence will be arranged in relation to other values in specific ways, just as the values of freedom and equality might take centre stage in contemporary American culture, and become intrinsically linked. Those ways of organizing the moral world are widely varied within the Hebrew Bible, and attention to the nuances of each biblical genre is beyond the pale of this study. For our purposes, we will take a selection of texts from several biblical genres, with a focus on the presentation of moral character in Proverbs, and related presentations in Psalms.