Regional Open Social Institute

Assessing the selectivity of binding a small molecule with proteins remains a fundamental yet unresolved challenge in computational drug discovery. Conventional strategies for estimating ligand selectivity depend on exhaustive cross-prediction of binding affinities across thousands of potential off-target proteins—an approach that is computationally prohibitive for large-scale virtual screening or de novo molecular design. Here, we present DrugForm-TAS (Target-Agnostic Selectivity), the first model capable of directly predicting an unconditional, quantitative measure of small-molecule proteome-wide binding propensity without requiring any prior knowledge of target proteins or affinity thresholds. Built upon our previously developed DrugForm-DTA model, which enables affinity prediction for arbitrary protein targets, and trained on a thoroughly curated dataset derived from BindingDB, DrugForm-TAS employs a lightweight transformer-like neural network that operates solely on a ligand’s SMILES representation. The model acts as a fast pre-screening filter that can greatly reduce the candidate set, as evidenced by the correlation between its predictions and experimental observations. By eliminating the need for target-specific computations, DrugForm-TAS enables target-agnostic nonspecificity profiling. When combined with drug–target affinity calculation, it provides a novel tool for fast pre-screening selectivity estimation in early-stage drug design.

Today, marketplaces are a platform for communication between sellers and buyers around the world. And while customer interaction with digital platforms is usually limited to ordering goods from the search feed and receiving them at the delivery point, communication between marketplaces and their sellers is much more complex. The latter determines which goods will be available to buyers and which will not. In this context, the way in which interaction between the marketplace and the seller is structured on the online platform takes on particular importance. The subject of the study is the models of communication between marketplaces and sellers implemented through the personal accounts of digital platforms. The analysis focuses on how marketplaces form, encode and transmit messages that influence seller behaviour in conditions of economic instability and crisis. The object of the study is the personal accounts of sellers on the three largest platforms: Russia — Ozon, USA — Walmart Marketplace, Singapore — Shein, which allows for a comparison of domestic and foreign communication practices. The work uses a systematic approach to studying the communications of marketplaces and sellers, which made it possible to identify their features and structure. The method of modelling complex systems was used to clearly present the communication process of the subjects described, describe and characterise communication channels. As part of the semiotic approach, the content of messages for sellers embedded in the design of personal account interfaces was analysed. This made it possible to identify the types of communication between marketplaces and sellers through personal accounts. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that communication between marketplaces and sellers is described as an independent media system. It has been established that, regardless of the geographical region, the dominant type of communication is informational, based on numerical indicators, ratings, statuses, and dashboards. Empirical data on three platforms show that the share of text posted in personal accounts ranges from 16% to 30% of the screen space, with visual and numerical elements occupying more space than expanded text formulations. Differences in the emotional tone of marketplace texts have been identified. It has been concluded that in times of crisis, personal accounts become a key channel for communication management: through them, the platform establishes rules of conduct for sellers and resolves conflicts.

The subject of the study is the formation of the handicraft industry in the Vladimir province during the reconstruction period, which replaced the policy of "war communism." The purpose of the study is to study the characteristic regional features (specialization of industries, raw materials, sale of products important to the local population, entry into the market outside the province, etc.), to identify trends in the development of industries of single artisans and united in cooperation. Using the example of the Vladimir Art Union and the Prioksky Union of Agricultural and Commercial Cooperatives, an analysis of the involvement of artisans in the cooperative movement is presented. The transition to planning in the economic relations between the state and the handicraft industry is investigated. The geographical scope of the study is limited to the territory of Vladimir Province, which was part of the Central Industrial Region in the 1920s. The methodological basis of the research is the principles of historicism, scientific approach and objectivity. A systematic approach allowed us to consider the handicraft industry as a hierarchy with the management of individual handicrafts and cooperatives united by cooperation. The method of source analysis made it possible to assess the information value and practical significance of the identified archival documents and periodicals of local lore. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that, based on the local history material of the 1920s and archival sources of the State Archive of the Vladimir region, a characteristic of the formation of the handicraft industry, its sectoral diversity is given: food, textile, metalworking, chemical, etc.. The process of functioning of both artels and cooperatives included in the cooperative at the level of the Vladimir province is presented.The research materials can be used in the educational process of teaching historical and historical-economic disciplines, in the development of teaching aids, in conducting specialized and generalizing research on the history of the handicraft industry and the formation of the cooperative movement in the Vladimir province, and on the scale of the Central Industrial region, dedicated to the initial period of the NEP.

The article examines the problems of the organization of supervision over the behavior of prisoners held in the detention center of the Federal Penitentiary Service. The results of the supervision are analyzed on the basis of statistical data. Based on this, it is concluded that the organization of supervision over the behavior of prisoners in a pre-trial detention facility is not effective enough and it is necessary to search for new forms and methods of supervision. As a solution to the problem, it is proposed to introduce artificial intelligence into the organization of supervision over the behavior of prisoners.

The article discusses the issues of forming a safe digital environment for the harmonious development and upbringing of minors. The subject of the study includes legal acts regulating the main directions of state policy in this area, as well as the threats associated with the unlawful use of the Internet, and the measures implemented to prevent and curb their socially dangerous consequences. The main problem has been identified as the lack of regulation concerning the interaction of minors with a vast information space and the absence of understanding regarding the algorithm of specific actions necessary in different situations when threats harming children's moral and physical health arise. International organizations, government authorities, public organizations, and the parental community are interested in creating conditions for developing children's skills for independent, conscious, and responsible use of information products, as well as protecting minors from external destructive information and psychological influences. The research utilized general scientific methods (deduction, systematic and logical analysis) and special methods: a statistical method was applied in studying the qualitative and quantitative indicators of minors' involvement in the digital space, as well as legal analysis of the legislation. The novelty of the research lies in the analysis of legal acts and various programs implemented in the Russian Federation aimed at identifying, preventing, and curbing threats to children's information security, as well as creating information products that contribute to the personal development of the younger generation. As a result of the conducted research, taking into account the main risks a child may face when interacting with the digital environment, the authors concluded that there is a need to enhance the protection of minors’ rights in the digital space by implementing measures in the field of information security for children and their parents, fostering close interaction between government bodies and public organizations, and creating a clear algorithm of actions in case of information threats that contribute to destructive impacts on children.

Abstract. Vibration during turning is a consequence of premature tool wear and an increase in the roughness of parts. The designs of tool bits that increase their durability, reduce vibrations arising during the cutting process, and improve the quality of processing are of practical and scientific interest. Existing developments of vibration-damping bits with elastic damping inserts of constant rigidity, in which a holder or mandrel with a cut-off insert is installed, do not meet the requirements for the efficiency of vibration reduction due to the impossibility of the necessary vibration damping; the consumption of insert materials is high. Innovative designs of tool bits with inserts formed by semi-inserts with different rigidity are proposed, which allows improving the quality of processing by increasing the efficiency of vibration damping, reducing material consumption, because the length of the semi-inserts is less than half the length of the full insert. The tool bits can be used in the area of cutting materials, mechanical engineering and tool manufacturing.

A new adsorbent for removing hazardous components from gaseous combustion products and air was developed. Experimental data for purification of flue gases from nitrogen oxides using the new adsorbent, granulated blast-furnace slag, and technical solutions based on it for purification of flue gases of autonomous and central heating plants, outdoor air conditioners, and air purifiers are presented.

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The article is devoted to the topical issue of modern cities concerning purification of outdoor air from harmful contaminants of waste gases of thermal power and industrial enterprises, motor vehicles exhaust gases and other sources of air pollution in the most polluted areas of urban transport arteries. Innovative technical solutions based on the applying cheap and affordable adsorbent reducing the concentration of harmful contaminants in outdoor air by means of installing fixed and mobile street air-conditioners in the places with urban motor-vehicle transport congestions are considered.

The objective of the present work was to study the specific constructional features of a 9.0 mm pneumatic rifle designed to use three types of bullets differing in the head shape. Also, the morphological signs of the injuries inflicted by such bullets that can serve as the prerequisites for objective differentiation of the damages are considered. The study revealed peculiarities of experimental damage to the non-biological (plasticine blocks) and biological (bio-mannequins) simulators of homogeneous human tissues inflicted by the shots from the pneumatic rifle from different distances.