Research Institute of Disinfectology Rospotrebnadzor

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The analytical review presents information on current situation on brucellosis in the Russian Federation. According to long-term data, on average, more than 400 cases of brucellosis among population are registered in Russia annually; incidence rate per 100 thousand population is 0.29. More than 70 % of brucellosis cases were detected in the territory with active cattle breeding in the south of the European part of the country. Since 2022, there has been an increase in the number of human brucellosis cases in regions with developed livestock farming in territories enzootic for brucellosis (mainly the Republic of Dagestan) and in previously relatively safe entities (Bryansk, Smolensk Regions, the Republic of Tatarstan, Penza Region, Krasnoyarsk Territory). In 2024, 530 cases of brucellosis were registered (0.36 per 100 thousand population), which exceeds the average long-term indicators by 27, 4 %. The emergence of group epidemic outbreaks among professional contingent at public sector farms and “family” epidemiological foci on private subsidiary farms can be considered as new threats in terms of brucellosis. Taking into account the development trends of the situation on brucellosis, in 2025, the incidence rate is predicted to be 30–40 % higher than average long-term level, which may amount to 480–530 new cases (0,32–0,36 per 100 thousand population).

Diallyl trisulfide (DAT) effectively inhibits the fecundity of Sitotroga cerealella. Organic cation transporter (OCT) was most highly expressed in the spermathecal gland of female moths and was significantly decreased after DAT fumigation. However, the function of OCT in insect reproduction has been rarely reported. In this study, after silencing OCT in female adults, the mating rate, oviposition, and number of sperm transferred to females were decreased significantly, and transfer time of sperm in the female was delayed. Meanwhile, the long and short waves formed during sperm movement became longer, which lead sperm to take a longer time to complete a movement cycle. Finally, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) was significantly increased. Conversely, triacylglycerol (TG) decreased significantly. The expression of the 5-HT 2A receptor gene, which is highly expressed in the abdomen, was significantly decreased. The findings have provided a theoretical basis for explaining the inhibitory effect of garlic essential oil on the reproduction of S. cerealella.

In this work, the morphology of zirconia, alumina, and silicas was studied and static sorption of the repellents N, N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide and ethyl-3-[acetyl(butyl)amino]propionate on these oxides was carried out. ZrO2, Al2O3, SiO2 phenyl were shown to have high sorption activity to the repellents N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (239 mg/g for SiO2 phenyl) and ethyl-3-[acetyl(butyl)amino]propionate (251 mg/g for ZrO2). Pointedly, it was found that despite having the largest pore volume and high speci c surface area (compared to the other studied oxides), SiO2 C2 has a signi cantly inferior sorption capacity in respect to other oxides, in particular SiO2 phenyl, which can be explained by the presence of the phenyl group in the latter that has chemical a nity for repellent molecules. Obtained isotherms of SiO2 300 also con rm the low sorption activity towards N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide. The sorption equilibrium for both repellents, in most cases, is described by the Langmuir monomolecular adsorption model. The obtained results suggest that the studied zirconia, alumina, and silica can be used as carrier components of repellents.

Introduction. Imidourea is widely used as an antibacterial preservative in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. There are literature data on the toxicity and specific effect of the substance, but there are no hygienic standards in the air of the working area necessary to protect the health of workers. The study aims to substantiate the approximate safe level of exposure (ASLE) of imidourea in the air of the working area based on the study of the nature of biological action in various ways of entry into the body. Materials and methods. The researchers chose the methods for studying the functions of organs and systems of experimental animals after a single inhalation of the substance at concentrations of 35.3±5.7 mg/m3 and 6.1±1.7 mg/m3 taking into account the literature data on the biological effect of the compound under study. We studied the antimicrobial effect of the substance on the intestinal microbiota of rats after 24 hours and 144 hours after inhalation exposure. Results. During inhalation of the substance in both concentrations, the researchers observed disturbances in the balance of the intestinal microflora, which were characterized by changes in the number of individual representatives of the normal microbiota, which corresponds to the initial signs of dysbiosis of the 1st degree. 144 hours after exposure, the microflora balance was almost restored. Inhalation exposure to imidourea at a concentration of 35.3 mg /m3 also revealed changes in the functional parameters of the liver (decreased activity of alkaline phosphatase and glucose concentration in blood serum) and kidneys (decreased content and rate of protein excretion in urine). Conclusion. Imidourea in the inhalation route of admission has a general toxic, sensitizing, weak antimicrobial effect. We recommend to use the ASLE of imidourea in the air of the working area of 1.5 mg/m3 (aerosol). Ethics. The Ethics Commission of JSC "VNC BAS" adopted and approved the imidourea research program (Protocol No. 3 of 11.02.2020).

The review summarizes and analyzes the data of foreign authors on the practical efficacy, mechanisms of action and insect resistance concerning insecticides of the groups of diamides and meta-diamides. The prospects of their application in Russia in agriculture and medical disinsection are considered. Insects resistant to OР’s, carbamates, pyrethroids remain the susceptibility to diamides and meta-diamides. Broflanilide, a pro-insecticide, which, due to its transformation into desmethylbroflanilide in the body of arthropods, acquires physicochemical properties leading to improved lipophilicity, water solubility, stability, affecting systemic activity, slowing down the action on harmful insects and increased selectivity for non-target species, is considered in detail. In several countries of the world where diamides are widely used in the controlling agricultural pests, a high resistance of several species of noctuids, diamondback moth, pyralid moths, tomato leafminer, etc. has been established. The key factors that determined the resistance to diamide in Thailand were the lack of insecticide rotation, minimal crop rotation, insufficient insecticide dosage, and irrigation. The necessity of introducing diamides and meta-diamides into the insecticide rotation schemes in order to control the insects resistant to traditionally used active substances was revealed.