Research Institute of Scientific Research and Production Association

In the published article [...]

Modern mobile robotics systems are equipped with complex electrical equipment, which accounts for more than half of failures due to degradation processes. The electrical equipment shall be monitored to identify its technical status. To perform the monitoring tasks, a model of technical status change is proposed, on the basis of which an identification of the technical status is made using methods of unclear logical classification, nuclear density assessment, and immediate neighbors. The improvement of diagnostic equipment in the area of forecasting using this model will permanently identify the technical status.

The prevalence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is increasing worldwide, especially in countries with high rates of urbanization. The growth of pathogenic and/or opportunistic bacteria in the small intestine can cause clinical symptoms and digestive and absorption disorders. The aim of the review was to analyze available literature on SIBO in various gastrointestinal pathologies. Material and methods. A literature search was conducted for the last 10 years using the library platforms PubMed, Medscape by keywords: "small intestinal bacterial overgrowth", "SIBO". A total of 1112 scientific papers were found, of which 124 English-language and 28 Russian-language publications were subject to analysis. Of these, 41 articles (including 5 Russian-language ones) corresponding to the topic of this review were included in the review. Results. The article presents data reflecting the pathophysiology and factors contributing to the development of SIBO. It is shown that irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and a number of organic and functional diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) are closely associated with SIBO. The features of the pathogenesis of SIBO in gastrointestinal diseases (IBS, IBD, functional dyspepsia, celiac disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, chronic pancreatitis, etc.) and its influence on the course of gastrointestinal pathology are described. Conclusion. It is impossible to unambiguously assess the influence that SIBO and various types of gastrointestinal pathology have on each other, since, on the one hand, SIBO can develop as a result of gastrointestinal diseases, and on the other hand, it can serve a predictor of the deterioration of these diseases. Most likely, we are talking about the emergence of a vicious circle, to break which it is necessary to eradicate the microorganisms that cause SIBO. This can be achieved both through drug treatment and by adjusting the diet of patients. An important element of non-specific prevention of SIBO is also timely rational treatment of gastrointestinal diseases that contribute to the development of this syndrome.

A mathematical definition of the concept of a «hybrid function of the second kind» (GF2) is given, which differs from a «hybrid function of the first kind» (GF1) in that GF2 completely lacks the connection of arguments of basic functions with arguments of control complexes. Therefore, the number of parameters in GF2 has been increased from three to four. But at the same time, it becomes possible to control GF2 both by a continuous argument and by a discrete one. The possibility of constructing chain functions (CGF2) remains, and any combinations of GF1 and GF2 are possible. The hybrid GF2 function is a function for describing processes that are spaced both in time and space, for example, for studying layered media with different physical and mechanical properties. The article provides an example of a study of the elastic-plastic stress state in a three-layer beam, the layers of which consist of materials with different deformation diagrams. Another example relates to the mathematical modeling of the crack growth process in a flat sample. In this case, the crack growth processes with the corresponding velocities are separated in time. A hybrid function is proposed for modeling the behavior of a complex technical system with negative feedback, which allows to automatically extinguish disturbances arising during the operation of the system.

An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1024856024080013

Autism spectrum disorders are associated with an imbalance of immune and neurological disorders, starting after the age of two. The study is devoted to studying the role of specialized strains of bacteria Lactobacillus reuteri, which mediate the synthesis of oxytocin in humans and influence inflammation indicators. Bacteria of this strain were part of the biologically active additive “Panbiolact Mental”, developed and presented by NPO ArtLife (Tomsk). The purpose of the work was to assess the effect of specialized strains of bacteria Lactobacillus reuteri on changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota, oxytocin levels, and immune parameters of children with ASD. The study included 43 children with autism spectrum disorders who took Panbiolact Mental for 90 days. The study materials included venous blood samples and fecal samples. The concentrations of cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, TNF, IFN), immunoglobulins (IgE, IgG, IgA, IgM) and the neuropeptide oxytocin were determined in the blood serum. Fecal samples were used to assess the qualitative and quantitative composition of the colon microbiota. Clinical symptoms of the disease associated with quality of life were assessed using the standard ATEC test scale (Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist), expressed in scores corresponding to the severity of clinical and neurological parameters of the disease. In children with autism spectrum disorders, after 90 days of regular use of Panbiolact Mental, the number of bacteria of the genera Acinetobacter decreased, the number of Bacteroides species pluralis, Akkermansia muciniphila, Eubacterium rectale, Prevotella species pluralis and Methanobrevibacter smithii increased. Increases in the concentration of oxytocin, the protolerogenic coefficient IL-10/TNFα, immunoglobulins M and G, and a decrease in the concentrations of TNFα and IL-10 were recorded. The results of the study support the hypothesis of a significant role of gut microbiota diversity in the neuro-immune pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorders. “Panbiolact Mental” is presented as a potentially effective remedy for an integrated approach to the correction of ASD in children. These data may form the basis for further research in the field of probiotic therapy, as well as for the development of new strategies based on modulation of the intestinal microbiota.

New technologies of microelectronics are emerging to reduce the size of devices and combine them into more compact ultralow power systems. Betavoltaic power sources (BVPSs) can serve as power generators of such order. BVPSs consist of a combination of betavoltaic cells (BVCs) based on long-lived radioisotopes of beta radiation and semiconductor converters (SCs). One of the key tasks for increasing the power of BVCs is the selection of SCs that can efficiently convert the energy of beta particles into electricity. Currently, semiconductor structures with a developed surface and a high band gap are considered to be perspective SCs. In present work, arrays of titanium dioxide nanopores (TiO2 NPs) synthesized by common electrochemical anodization were chosen as a SCs. These SCs were part of BVCs based on nickel-63 with an activity of ~10 Ci/g. TiO2 NPs with an amorphous structure in the composition of BVC demonstrated low electrical parameters. To increase them, we modified TiO2 NPs by the hydrothermal method in a solution of Sr(OH)2 with a concentration of 0.05 mol/L at various times. These experiments were carried out in order to convert TiO2 (anatase) into structure-like SrTiO3. We found that the electrical parameters of the SCs increased with the duration of the modification time. The best result was obtained in the case of modification for 3 h—the BVC generated a short circuit current of 2.9 nA and open circuit voltage of 0.8 V and had a maximum power of 0.8 nW at 0.45—0.5 V. The obtained electrical parameters in combination with the miniature dimensions of the BVCs open up the potential possibility of creating a BVPS with an increased power density.