Rissho University

This study integrated genetic, isotopic, and plastic analyses to investigate the diet and plastic ingestion of adult green turtles living in the waters around the Ogasawara Islands. Micro-, meso-, and macroplastics were found in the gut contents of 7 of the 10 individuals examined. A total of 92 meso- and macroplastics were found in six individuals, with an average of 9.2 ± 11.48 items/individual (range: 0–31, n = 10). The average total weight of these items was 15.28 ± 24.76 g (range: 0–70.55, n = 10), and their average percentage of the turtles’ body weight was 0.014 ± 0.021% (range: 0–0.064, n = 8). At the time of capture, the turtles’ main food was macroalgae, and the feeding grounds were estimated from the DNA analysis to be three locations where the seaweeds Ectocarpus crouaniorum, Sargassum muticum, and Lobophora sp. predominate. Stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen in muscle tissue and DNA analysis suggested that the captured individuals may have fed on drifting seaweed and gelatinous plankton on their way south from the Pacific coasts of Japan to the Ogasawara Islands, during which time it can be concluded from the green turtle’s feeding habits that they may have ingested meso- and macroplastics found among large and drifting seaweeds, mistaking them for gelatinous plankton such as jellyfish and salpas. The ingested plastics were estimated to have originated from a larger area than the turtles’ migratory range, indicating that this problem may stem from transboundary pollution.

This study aimed to investigate differences in responses between groups by comparing online responses via smartphones using various response formats on Google Forms with responses from paper questionnaires among university students. Participants were randomly assigned to either an online group where they responded using one of grid, radio button, or linear scale formats, or a paper-based group. In each group, respondents answered multiple psychological scales and rated the visibility of the survey form. Additionally, response times and the ratio of careless responses were recorded. A total of 1,108 valid responses were analyzed. Results indicated that in the grid group, certain mean values of scale scores and some correlation coefficients differed from those in the paper-based group. Furthermore, there were more careless responses, longer response times, and lower ratings for form visibility in the grid group. Differences in mean values for some scales compared to the paper-based group were also observed in the linear scale group. The radio button group showed the least difference in responses compared to the paper-based group.

Human social behavior spans a continuum from self-serving actions to other-oriented sacrifices. Underlying these behaviors are reputational concerns, specifically rejection avoidance and praise seeking. However, it is unclear how reputational concerns relate to pathological altruism, which involves excessive, irrational self-sacrifice, and healthy selfishness, which prioritizes one’s own fulfillment with consideration of potential negative effects on others. This study examined whether rejection avoidance and praise seeking are associated with pathological altruism and healthy selfishness. Data were collected from 787 participants between the ages of 15 and 59. The results indicated that both rejection avoidance and praise seeking were positively correlated with pathological altruism and healthy selfishness, even after controlling for empathy. Most associations were stable across all ages, although the association between praise seeking and healthy selfishness was moderated by age. These findings provide initial empirical evidence that reputational concerns may drive individuals toward both pathological altruism and healthy selfishness. This result enhances the understanding of the motivational role of social evaluation in complex human social functioning.

Global supply chains are increasingly exposed to disruptions from pandemics, geopolitical conflicts, and environmental shocks, challenging traditional resilience models. Existing approaches often rely on structured historical data and static assumptions, making them insufficient in contexts with unstructured signals, rapid shifts, and heterogeneous data quality. To address these gaps, this study proposes UNISONE, a Generative AI (GAI)–driven resilience framework integrating disruption sensing, probabilistic state modelling, and adaptive optimisation. The framework has three modules: a GAI component that processes unstructured data into validated signals; a Markov modelling layer that translates signals into probabilistic transitions of capacity, logistics, and policy states; and a Mixed Integer Programming optimisation module that dynamically reallocates resources. This integration enables proactive risk detection, real-time capacity adjustment, and rapid supply chain reconfiguration. Empirical analysis using data from three global regions shows UNISONE sustains service continuity above 90% under disruptions, reduces cost volatility by nearly 20% versus baseline models, and accelerates recovery across cycles. Findings also reveal how data quality and digital readiness shape performance, offering phased adoption insights for industries such as pharmaceuticals, food, and semiconductors. By combining unstructured signal processing, probabilistic modelling, and adaptive optimisation, UNISONE framework advances both theory and practice in supply chain resilience.

本研究の目的は，COVID-19感染拡大下でカウンセリングに導入された感染防止対策とカウンセリングにおける体験との関連をクライエント視点から明らかにし，今後起こり得る感染拡大時の支援に活かすことにある。感染防止対策（計8種），支援施設の種類（計5種）およびカウンセリング開始時期とその交互作用項と，カウンセリングにおけるクライエントの困難感や懸念，工夫との関連について多変量重回帰分析を用いて検討した。主な結果として，カウンセラーのフェイスシールド着用は会話の貧困化や情報取得・伝達の困難さと正の関連を示し，カウンセラーのマスク着用は安定した心理支援の維持困難感と負の関連を示した。また，約2 mの距離を保持した環境では，クライエントはゆっくり明瞭に話す，確認を多く行う等の伝達の工夫を積極的に行うことが示された。これらの知見から，感染防止対策に対するクライエントと心理職の認識には差異があり，双方の視点からの理解の重要性が示唆された。

Summary In this article, we formalized the proof of the Stirling’s formula, which is considered an essential item in the field of statistics, as shown below: lim n → ∞ n ! n n + 1 2 e - n = 2 π \mathop {\lim }\limits_{n \to \infty } {{n!} \over {{n^{n + {1 \over 2}}}{e^{ - n}}}} = \sqrt {2\pi } using the Mizar formalism.

This special issue addresses various dimensions of multi- and plurilingualism alongside the pedagogy of teaching grammar in the foreign language classroom. The monograph assembles contributions on positive language transfer from L2 to L3, specifically between Romance languages; effective methodologies for grammar instruction; and a historical investigation of grammar teaching. The articles hold significant relevance for researchers in multilingualism, grammar pedagogy, and the historical development of language instruction, and offer valuable insights that language instructors can apply in their own classrooms.

We conducted two experiments using one-shot prisoner's dilemma games to examine how inequality shapes partner selection and cooperation. Results show that participants tended to choose partners with similar economic status, reinforcing segregation. When partners were self-selected, cooperation rates did not differ between groups. However, when partners were randomly assigned, richer participants cooperated more than poorer ones. These findings suggest that inequality promotes similarity-based partner selection. Even when rich and poor players face identical payoff structures and contribute under equal cost–benefit conditions, the mere presence of unequal endowment levels can induce social division. • Inequality does bias the interaction-partner selection even with equal payoffs. • Inequality does not affect cooperation rate in a one-shot prisoner's dilemma game. • Cooperation rate is higher for the rich group when partners are matched randomly.

本報告は地理学の研究対象になりうるものの，看過されてきた河川敷での火災に注目し，火災の焼失状況とUAVによる焼失範囲の記録を紹介することを目的とする。そして河川敷の火災に関する地理学的な研究の可能性について若干の展望を提示する。対象とした火災は2023年5月18日，同年の初めての「真夏日」を観測した日に熊谷市荒川河川敷右岸で発生し，人的被害は確認されなかったものである。この火災で，低水敷を中心に草地が焼失した。その結果，当日の気象条件と，生育する草本類の種類や状態といった植生の土地被覆状況が，延焼の広狭に影響を与えていたと考えられる。とくに焼失したオニウシノケグサやシナダレスズメガヤ，アブラナは，いずれも日本の河川敷で広くみられる植物種であった。

Applications can take advantage of virtual computation services independently of heterogeneity and locations of servers by using virtual machines in clusters. Here, a virtual machine on an energy-efficient host server has to be selected to perform an application process. In this paper, we newly propose a Simple Monotonically Increasing (SIM) estimation algorithm to estimate the energy consumption of a server to perform application processes and the total execution time of the processes on a server. We also propose an SMI Migration (SMIM) algorithm to make a virtual machine migrate from a host server to a guest server to reduce the total energy consumption of the servers by estimating the energy consumption in the SMI algorithm. In the evaluation, we show the energy consumption of servers in a cluster is reduced in the SMIM algorithm by at least 5% compared with other algorithms.