Riverside Research Institute

Abstract Introduction Borderline personality disorder (BPD) features span internalizing and externalizing dimensions of psychopathology, and their expression varies across biological sexes. Despite substantial research efforts, major gaps remain in our understanding of this heterogeneity, particularly regarding its developmental underpinnings. Life history theory, a leading framework in evolutionary developmental biology, can help make sense of this heterogeneity. Methods In a large nationally representative prospective survey (n = 34 653), the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC), we used Multi-group MIMIC models to investigate whether and how the degree to which individuals trade off somatic maintenance against short-term reproductive goals relates to severity of BPD at a general and a single symptom level, and whether these associations differ between men and women in the general adult population. Results Men and women prioritizing short-term reproductive goals over somatic maintenance were more likely to endorse each of the 9 DSM-IV BPD symptoms through higher BPD severity, and were more likely to express impulsivity (b=0.11; SE, 0.018; p<.001) and suicidal/self-mutilation behavior (b =0.24; SE, 0.026; p< .001) and less likely to endorse stress-related paranoid ideation (b=-0.066; SE, 0.023; p=.004). Finally, females with a reproduction-oriented life history strategy were more likely to endorse affective instability than males (Females: b=0.12; SE, 0.025; p<.001; Males: b=-0.015; SE, 0.044; p=0.73). Conclusions An evolutionary-developmental framework, rooted in human life history theory can help make sense of the heterogeneous manifestations of BPD. Our work also opens the door for future research on the interplay of the reproduction/maintenance trade-off with other genetic and environmental factors and developmental processes in explaining the occurrence of BPD symptoms.

We present a framework for generating synthetic hyperspectral imagery in Blender, an open-source 3D modeling and rendering software platform. Hyperspectral imagery is an important but often underexplored area of computer vision, and as such, corresponding synthetic tools are not frequently developed. As opposed to building a full physics simulation as other synthetic scene simulators do, we utilize Blender’s toolset as well as hyperspectral measurements from public datasets to approximate a hyperspectral data cube of a given scene. We make significant use of Blender’s inverse ray tracing functionality, using it to determine the specific surface(s) and corresponding material(s) each pixel contains, as well as the surface normal relative to the sensor. We parameterize the spectral material reflectivity as a distribution having a mean and spectral covariance, allowing us to model material-specific spectral noise. The combination of these inputs allows us to approximate the spectral response of that pixel, even allowing for sub-pixel spectral modeling. We evaluate the framework by cloning several scenes from hyperspectral datasets in Blender and performing qualitative and quantitative experiments on the synthetic data, comparing it with the same experimentation on source data. Future work will examine adding cursory atmospheric modeling and approximating additional complexities that this early framework does not model.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is notably overrepresented in substance use treatment centers, with an estimated prevalence of 21-23% when screening practices are implemented. Many adults in these settings receive an ADHD diagnosis for the first time, highlighting the frequent underdiagnosis of ADHD among individuals seeking treatment for alcohol and substance use issues. Additionally, those entering treatment programs represent only a small fraction of the broader population with problematic alcohol use. This review explores the research on the prevalence and treatment of co-occurring ADHD and substance use disorders (SUD), with a particular emphasis on alcohol use disorders (AUD) as the most common SUD. It also provides clinical guidelines for the screening and diagnosis of ADHD in patients with active alcohol and substance use and offers recommendations to enhance screening practices and improve access to treatment for individuals with co-occurring ADHD and AUD.

Spatiotemporal optical vortices with arbitrary tilt angles can be generated by adjusting spatial chirp and beam size at a phase modulation plane in a pulse shaper setup. A grating pair setup is proposed to generate variable spatial chirp independent of the beam profile. The initial dispersion of the pulse allows for the independent control of the vortex orientation. By adjusting the beam size, spatial chirp, and initial dispersion, arbitrary vortex orientation across all the possible angles can be achieved. The ability to achieve arbitrary vortex orientations at long propagation distances could offer significant advantages for long-distance communication applications.

Vortex reconnections are ubiquitous events found in diverse media. Here we show that vortex reconnections also occur between spatiotemporal vortices in optical waves. Since vortices exhibit orbital angular momentum (OAM), the reconnections of optical vortices create a variety of connected OAM states. Dispersion and diffraction can cause different reconnection pairs, depending on the orientation of the vortices. The transverse crossing of two vortices with a topological charge of one can produce unique vortex loop reconnection patterns. Higher topological charges result in arrays of vortex loops and connection points. Crossing of three vortices produces spherical structures made of three symmetrical vortex arms. A three vortices reconnection with higher topological charges develops complicated patterns similar to turbulence cascade phenomena in other media. Studying optical vortex interactions may bring insight into vortex reconnections in other fields. We also provide experimental results of two-vortex loop interaction.


 
 
 Este artículo resume resultados publicados del proyecto LINKS. Un total de 500 hombres que tienen sexo con hombres se incluyeron en un estudio de factores asociados a la infección por VIH, utilizando la metodología de Muestreo Dirigido por los Participantes (Respondent Driven Sampling, RDS, en inglés). El 24,5% se identificó como homosexual, 36,2% como bisexual, 21,9% como heterosexual y 17,4% como “otro”. El 33% de los participantes reportó haber tenido relaciones sexuales con hombres, mujeres y mujeres trans durante los 2 meses previos. La prevalencia de VIH, hepatitis B y sífilis fue de 17,3%, 22,9% y 20,5%, respectivamente. Los participantes que sólo reportaron parejas sexuales masculinas tuvieron prevalencias significativamente mayores. Más de dos tercios reportaron coito anal o vaginal sin protección durante los últimos dos meses. El 52% nunca se había realizado 
 el diagnóstico de VIH. El 25% informó consumo excesivo de alcohol y 34 % poli-consumo de drogas durante los dos meses previos. El 18% de participantes reportó una experiencia sexual antes de los 13 años con una pareja al menos cuatro años mayor de edad. La aceptabilidad de los microbicidas y de la prueba casera del VIH fue alta.