Rocky Mountain College

Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma arising from the ureter is exceedingly rare. We report the case of a 20-year-old female who presented with flank pain and hematuria, initially attributed to ureteral stones. Subsequent evaluation revealed an embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (botryoid subtype) of the ureter. Following surgical resection and chemotherapy, the patient achieved remission and experienced minor complications including neuropathy and bladder irritation. This case highlights the classification and management of ureteral rhabdomyosarcoma. While the prognosis for ureteral rhabdomyosarcoma appears favorable based on limited literature, long-term surveillance is crucial for monitoring recurrence and managing potential complications.

Introduction: This study aimed to examine if acute caffeine consumption influenced substrate utilization between recreationally trained males and females during submaximal aerobic exercise.Methods: Implementing a counter-balanced, crossover design study, 14 recreationally trained males (n = 7) and females (n = 7) consumed either 4 mg/kg of caffeine in 8 oz of water (CAFF) 60 min prior to aerobic exercise at varying submaximal intensities or the solitary consumption of 8 oz of water (CON). Substrate utilization was assessed via indirect calorimetry by measuring the respiratory exchange ratio. Results: There were no significant main effects for substrate utilization between sexes for the CAFF (p = .265) or CON (p = .253) trial. There were also no significant main effects for independent sex analysis between the two conditions (males, p = .917; females, p = .869).Conclusions: This study suggests no significant difference in substrate utilization between sexes when consuming caffeine. Although previous literature has indicated caffeine has the potential to increase fat utilization during moderate-intensity aerobic exercise, the current results revealed that caffeine also had no impact on substrate utilization when independently analyzing males and females.

Abstract In the philosophy of causation, manipulationist literature is broadly divided into agency and interventionist accounts. The division between these accounts is partially due to a dispute regarding the meaning of “manipulation”, which specifically questions, “Must one analyse manipulation by appealing to human agency?” This paper attempts to clarify the notion of manipulation and defends the thesis that agency theoristsandinterventionists analyse manipulation by appealing to human agency. However, following Collingwood's work, I argue that there are two ways to interpret “human agency”. With an extended notion of agency in place, I reveal a pathway towards a consensus between the agency and interventionist accounts. Further, I highlight the alleged discrepancies between agency and interventionist accounts, including the issues of scope and objectivity, and suggest additional pathways towards a consensus.

Remote learning opportunities increase access to public health training. Innovative approaches are needed to promote active engagement and learning when tackling more complex, adaptive challenges that are nuanced, lack quick and easy solutions, and require a transformation of values and beliefs. The Rocky Mountain Public Health Training Center's (RM-PHTC's) training framework considers the complexity of the challenge (technical to adaptive) when selecting the learning modality. Remote learning opportunities on adaptive challenges are addressed using virtual workshops, online courses, ECHO (Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes) series, and communities of practice that include a combination of multiple sessions, cohort-based learning, peer learning, practice-based application, and live, interactive sessions. The specific modality chosen depends on the audience and amount of content delivery. Virtual workshops are single events that encourage peer learning using a blend of instruction and practice-based work. Online courses deliver content to learning cohorts through an online platform combined with multiple, facilitated "live learning sessions." ECHO series include a short delivery of content, combined with multiple, facilitated, face-to-face, case-based learning sessions with a cohort of peers. Communities of practice encourage a bidirectional peer exchange of resources, approaches, and challenges through online sharing platforms and virtual meetings. Using the Kirkpatrick training evaluation model, learners of public health reported that their understanding of the subject matter improved and that they had identified actions that they would apply to their work. In qualitative feedback, learners shared feedback on elements that facilitated learning on adaptive challenges, including interactive breakout groups with peers and practice-based applications. Remote learning opportunities increase access for public health professionals in rural areas and encourage knowledge exchange region-wide. The RM-PHTC's training framework matches learning opportunities that address adaptive challenges with modalities that include elements that encourage the sharing of ideas and cocreation of solutions.

BackgroundBoth aerobic exercise and whey protein can improve glucose regulation. The purpose of this study was to investigate how a single bout of vigorous-intensity aerobic exercise and whey protein, independently, as well as when combined, influence glycemia during an oral glucose tolerance test in sedentary, young men.MethodsHealthy males (n = 11) completed four randomized trials: no exercise/no whey protein (R); exercise (EX; walking at 70% VO2max for 60 min); 50 g of whey protein (W); and exercise combined with 50 g of whey protein (EXW). Each trial included a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) that was completed after an overnight fast. Blood samples were collected over a two-hour period during the OGTT. For EX and EXW, the exercise was performed the evening before the OGTT and the 50 g of whey protein was dissolved in 250 mL of water and was consumed as a preload 30 min prior to the OGTT. For R and EX, participants consumed 250 mL of water prior to the OGTT. Plasma samples were analyzed for glucose, insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) and glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP-1), and postprandial incremental area under the curve (iAUC) was calculated for each.ResultsGlucose iAUC was reduced during W (− 32.9 ± 22.3 mmol/L) compared to R (122.7 ± 29.8 mmol/L; p < 0.01) and EX (154.3 ± 29.2 mmol/L; p < 0.01). Similarly, glucose iAUC was reduced for EXW (17.4 ± 28.9 mmol/L) compared to R and EX (p < 0.01 for both). There were no differences in iAUC for insulin, C-peptide, GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon between the four trials. Insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, GIP, and GLP-1 were elevated during the whey protein preload period for W and EXW compared to EX and R (p < 0.01). There were no differences for insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, GIP, or GLP-1 between trials for the remaining duration of the OGTT.ConclusionsGlucose responses during an oral glucose tolerance test were improved for W compared to EX. There were no additional improvements in glucose responses when vigorous-intensity aerobic exercise was combined with whey protein (EXW).

Purpose. To analyze and to compare the absolute and relative muscle power of the lower limbs in sedentary elderly subjects with and without heart failure. Methods. The study included 36 elderly subjects (72 ± 6.5 years, 76.8 ± 4.8 kg, 171 ± 9.4 cm) divided into two groups: sixteen patients with heart failure versus twenty patients with coronary artery disease, but without heart failure. The muscle power of the lower limbs was assessed with a half-squat exercise; three repetitions were performed with three seconds of the interval between repetitions as fast as possible in the concentric phase. For the statistical analysis, unpaired Student's t-tests were used to compare the absolute and relative muscular power between groups. Results. Subjects without heart failure had significantly greater absolute (362 ± 18.5 W vs. 438 ± 22.3 W, p = 0.015) and relative (4.6 ± 0.2 W / kg vs. 5.9 ± 0.2 W / Kg, p = 0.001) muscle power versus subjects with heart failure. Conclusion. Heart failure harms the muscular power of the lower limbs in the elderly, which may influence the prognosis and evolution of the disease and capacity functional.

While the mission statements of Catholic schools place emphasis on faith formation, Catholic schools are more often identified with high-quality academics and less with the development of faith. A qualitative descriptive study was designed to understand how Rhode Island Catholic secondary school graduates described the influence of the Catholic educational mission on the formation of faith and personal life values. The results of the study indicate that the graduates of Catholic secondary schools in Rhode Island recognized the strength of the academic programs at the four identified Catholic secondary schools. Participants also profusely described the influence of the Catholic educational mission on the development of personal life values, but the results were less conclusive regarding graduates’ perceptions of the faith formation experience. Graduates who described faith as a process and personal journey had a more positive attitude regarding the influence of the Catholic educational mission on faith formation. In contrast, those who described faith as the practice of religious ritual as well as obedience to the dogma of the Catholic Church, both positively and negatively, were less effusive regarding the Catholic educational mission.

The purpose of this study was to examine the acute effects of multi- to single-joint or the reverse exercise order on repetition performance and perceived exertion for the pectoralis major. Fourteen trained men (24.05 ± 4.17 yrs, 78.85 ± 3.51 kg, 175.42 ± 4.01 cm) underwent two different training sequences (SEQ1 and SEQ2). In SEQ1, all subjects performed 5 sets for maximal repetitions, with a 2-min rest interval, of the bench press followed by the machine chest fly with 10 repetitions maximum load. In SEQ2, the same procedures were repeated, but with the reverse order. The t-test did not show any differences (p = 0.140) in total workout repetitions between SEQ1 (62.22 ± 11.00 repetitions) and SEQ2 (55.40 ± 8.51 repetitions). Conversely, the total repetition number for the bench press exercise was significantly greater (p = 0.001) following SEQ1 (34.36 ± 4.68 repetitions) compared to SEQ2 (25.85 ± 6.73 repetitions). In contrast, the total repetition number for the machine chest fly exercise following SEQ2 was significantly greater (p = 0.001) (33.50 + 4.11 repetitions) compared to SEQ1 (27.85 ± 6.52 repetitions). Despite no significant differences found for the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) values between SEQ1 and SEQ2 for the barbell bench press in all sets (p ≥ 0.083), significantly higher RPE values for the machine chest fly were observed over the first three sets following SEQ1 compared to SEQ2 (p < 0.01). In conclusion, the total workout repetitions were not significantly different when performing the traditional multi- to single-joint or the reverse exercise order when training the pectoralis major muscle.

Leichsenring, Falk DSc; Liliengren, Peter PhD; Lindqvist, Karin MSc; Mechler, Jakob MSc; Falkenstöm, Fredrik PhD; Philips, Björn PhD; Steinert, Christiane PhD; Abbass, Allan MD Author Information

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.