Royal Academy of Engineering

This study aims to explore the effects of the small smart army on modern warfare, focusing on technology and military operations based on advanced techniques. The study follows a descriptive-analytical approach, which is most appropriate for military science studies, as it helps provide accurate and fact-based data on the research problem. The study findings show that artificial intelligence and drones play a significant role in reducing human losses and enhancing the combat capability of small smart armies. By performing dangerous missions such as reconnaissance and attack, drones contribute to reducing the need for direct soldier intervention, thus reducing the risks they face. The study recommends the need to enhance military training programs to include the effective use of modern technology, while training soldiers to use technologies such as artificial intelligence and smart systems to ensure the integration of these technologies into field military operations and maximize their benefits.

ABSTRACTAimThis study explores the initial impact of the 2021 Military coup on Myanmar's nursing profession, clinical practice and clinical education.BackgroundMyanmar is a country historically riven by conflict; however, between 2010 and 2021, there was democratic reform and partial peace, prompting improvements in nursing practice and health outcomes. This study examines the impact of the 2021 coup, which effectively halted this progress, on Myanmar's nursing. It contributes to the limited literature exploring the effects of civil unrest and governmental coups on nursing, particularly in closed societies such as Myanmar.MethodsWe present a qualitative synthesis of semi‐structured interviews, undertaken with seventeen nurses in Myanmar via secure video link.ResultsNurses describe the challenges to nursing practice before the coup, the relative progress that Myanmar's nurses made in the short years of quasi‐civilian government and, following the coup, the significant deterioration in working locations, conditions and personal safety for nurses who refused to work in Junta‐controlled hospitals.DiscussionThe coup has damaged all aspects of nursing in Myanmar. These results document a rapid unravelling of progress, accentuated by long‐standing underlying weaknesses in systems and leadership, with additional threats to personal safety. This trend has been previously reported in other conflicts but rarely directly from nurses and never from Myanmar.Implications for nursingThe coup has been catastrophic for nursing in Myanmar. Participants describe widespread health system collapse, deliberate targeting by the junta and a need for international support.

Abstract Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) provides a fantastically flexible, quantitative, and non-invasive way of studying the incredibly complex biochemistry of the human brain. However, MRS is renowned as a difficult technique to master. Researchers who want to use MRS often don’t have access to the expertise needed to successfully use this technique. This book aims to address this, by providing an accessible description of the principles of MRS from acquisition to successful analysis of MRS data. The text covers the fundamentals of what MRS is, the choices that go into selecting an acquisition approach, and how to analyse MRS data. Later chapters describe in detail how to plan, pilot, and acquire high-quality data. Illustrated examples show common artefacts and how to mitigate them by performing careful scanner calibration. This is all supplemented with online datasets and examples to enable the reader to obtain handson experience working with real data. The book provides a practical and approachable introduction for those new to the MRS field. As it does not require any background knowledge beyond basic mathematics and physics, this primer is essential reading for anyone wanting to work with MRS in neuroimaging or grasp the results coming from this highly flexible, non-invasive imaging modality.

Abstract. The starting point for this study is the simulation study of Metcalfe et al. (2018) which suggested that retention times of the order of 10 h are required for natural flood management storage features to have a maximum effect on large flow peaks. A analysis of the celerity characteristics for some log jams at Tebay Gill, Cumbria (upland UK), suggests that the impacts of storage in slowing the celerities is only of the order of minutes. An analysis of storage-discharge dynamics based on observations at 4 jams reveals that the dynamics of storages can be represented with time constants of between 3 and 213 min, still well short of those required to maximise the effects for larger flood flows. That is not to say that there will not be reduction in flood peaks for smaller events, only that for large events the effects will be limited. A spreadsheet tool for retention times has been developed to help in the design of new schemes that is freely available.

Flared folding wingtip (FFWT) devices have been shown to enable higher aspect ratios in future aircraft designs while meeting airport width restrictions and reducing the loads experienced by an airframe during gust encounters and manoeuvres. Studies have highlighted that including an additional control surface on the wingtip can augment the performance of such devices. This paper aims to explore the effect of freeplay on this additional control surface and, in particular, will explore how freeplay affects the stability of this nonlinear system. As such, this study presents the results of an experimental study with a semi-span wing incorporating an FFWT with an additional control surface. The results show that freeplay leads to the onset of small limit cycle oscillations (LCOs) well below the linear flutter speed of the original system. The introduction of freeplay is also shown to re-stabilise the model at higher velocities, and these effects are similar across a wide range of freeplay region sizes and flare angles. Symbols 𝛼 = angle of attack 𝛽 = wingtip tab angle 𝛿 = size of tab freeplay region Λ = flare angle 𝜃 = fold angle

The need to address the impediments to teaching numeracy in early childhood education necessitates a comprehensive approach, as an evident lack of exploration of impediments and their intertwined relationships exists in the domain literature. Thus, this work advances such agenda by utilizing the decision‐making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) approach with q‐rung orthopair fuzzy sets (q‐ROFSs), referred to as q‐ROF‐DEMATEL. Unlike other fuzzy set extensions, q‐ROFS offers a larger decision space, providing the capability to handle information with greater ambiguity. The proposed q‐ROF‐DEMATEL is applied to identify the critical factors impeding effective instruction of numeracy skills to early childhood learners. The findings suggest that the prominent impediments include inadequate teaching time, lack of teaching knowledge, and underestimation of learners’ knowledge. Moreover, among the identified impediments, the lack of teaching knowledge emerges as the key impediment, while language barriers, inadequate teaching time, and lack of educational resources are identified as minor key impediments. These findings could guide decision makers in academic institutions to allocate resources effectively, pool human resources strategically, and develop appropriate strategies to augment teaching numeracy. Investing in professional development opportunities, incorporating visual representations and culturally relevant materials, and seeking community partnerships for resources are some recommended initiatives to address these challenges. Insights for future work were outlined.

Permanent magnet (PM) machines exhibit high torque density and efficiency. While integer-slot interior PM machines with overlapping windings have been extensively employed in electric vehicles, fractional-slot PM machines are now widely used in servo systems, robots, and household appliances, etc. This keynote speech will focus on the recent developments in novel fractional-slot PM machines. The history of fractional-slot PM machines will be briefly reviewed. The field modulation and magnetic gearing effects in torque production, including conventional fractional slot PM machines, vernier PM machines, and fault-tolerant PM machines, will be discussed and analysed. Novel modular structures will be introduced. Parasitic effects, such as manufacture and operation tolerances, unipolar axial flux leakage, voltage spikes, losses, and noise and vibration, will be highlighted.