Russian New University

Abstract Ensuring food security goals through the provision of sustainable energy and food without compromising environmental sustainability is the current requirement amid threats from climate change, uncontrolled global population, and scarcity of natural resources. Increased agricultural dependence on chemical inputs to boost food productivity has become less ecologically efficient, threatening ecological balance. The utilization of favorable soil microbes as a key substitute for chemical fertilizers can prove a potential solution to this riddle. Cyanobacteria, a group of photosynthetic prokaryotes, have been considered as potential sources of various bioenergy forms (biogas, biodiesel, and bioethanol) due to their native abilities to efficiently harvest solar energy and convert it into biomass by simple dependence on CO 2 , nutrients, and water. Efficient application of cyanobacteria can mitigate climate change by lowering the greenhouse gas emissions and bioremediation of contaminated soil and water. This article reviews specific knowledge of the ecological mechanisms, including carbon sequestration, nitrogen fixation efficiency, and soil microbial enhancement, about how these mechanisms can be further improved through the incorporation of cyanobacteria. This suggests that future research should focus on utilizing already available indigenous cyanobacterial strains and searching for new species to explore the symbiotic mechanisms executed with other beneficial soil microbes, from an environmentally friendly perspective, toward the management of the rhizosphere to encourage plant growth and development. Moreover, it is necessary to explore the composition, diversification, distribution, and environmental factors of cyanobacteria in rice ( Oryza sativa L.)‐based soils under different ecological conditions to better utilize the biotechnology tool.

Abstract Amino acids have emerged as promising biostimulants in sustainable agriculture, supporting plant growth, stress tolerance, and nutrient efficiency. This review synthesizes current knowledge on their physiological roles, such as enhancing photosynthesis, antioxidant activity, and hormonal regulation, and application methods like foliar spraying and fertigation. Widely effective across crops, amino acids also aid micronutrient uptake through chelation. However, challenges remain, including inconsistent product quality and limited mechanistic understanding. Advances in omics, formulation technologies, and precision agriculture offer opportunities to maximize their potential in climate-resilient crop production.

Aim. This work aimed to identify the key stages and factors in the transition of football clubs from social associations to commercial organizations. Objectives. The study seeks to analyze the historical and legal prerequisites for the transformation of football clubs; to systematize organizational and legal reforms; to identify the drivers of commercialization; and to assess the impact of digital transformation and globalization on the current functioning of the industry. Methods. The study is based on a historical-analytical approach with elements of comparative and institutional analysis. The analysis of scientific articles, systematization of data on the development of football in various countries, as well as tables summarizing regulatory changes and industry characteristics were used. Results. The transformation of football clubs was multifactorial and gradual. Initial social stratification, followed by the active inclusion of the working class, created extensive demand. The legalization of players’ professional status, accompanied by waves of corporatization in various countries (England, Italy, Spain), provided the legal basis for the industry commercialization. Key external factors include deregulation of the media market, the creation of the English Premier League, the Bosman case, and the global sponsorship strategies of the International Federation of Football Associations (FIFA). In the modern era, digitalization has become a new tool for increasing revenue, fostering fan engagement, but has also increased the clubs’ dependence on technology platforms. Conclusions. The successful transformation of football clubs into commercial organizations required a synergy between social demand, an adaptive legal framework, and global commercial impulses. It is concluded that an economic model for football clubs is emerging, in which revenue growth is accompanied by increased financial risks and debt burden.

In recent years, reconstructive surgery strategies have been supplemented with innovative approaches aimed at developing tissue-engineered structures using autologous tissues and biodegradable scaffolds and matrices, the purpose of which is to reduce the risk of postoperative complications, on the one hand, while ensuring accelerated restoration of the structure and functions of organs, on the other hand. The review systematizes modern scientific trends in the field of tissue engineering of the urethra, focused on creation of biocompatible and functionally active tissue-engineered structures using achievements of cellular technologies and materials science. Particular attention is paid to describing the mechanisms and ways of forming a complete and functional three-dimensional structure of the urethra, including the use oforganoids. It is expected that this strategy will contribute to the development of personalized therapeutic approaches and improved clinical outcomes in the patients with urological diseases.

Various generalizations of the classical system of ambipolar diffusion equations in crystalline semiconductors are proposed.

Abstract Chemically modified nucleic acids have become a powerful platform for basic research and applied technologies. Universal nucleobases are used in PCR,sequencing, and the design of nanodevices and aptamers. Fluorescent universal nucleobases have an even wider range of applications, including the development of nucleic acid-based sensors, switches, and relay logic gates. However, few such nucleobases have been proposed to date, and most of them have suboptimal optical properties. Here, we propose an adenine-based molecular rotor, 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-6-(3-methylbenzo[d]thiazol-2(3H)-ylidene)adenine ( oxo-Ade BZT ), as a new, remarkably bright and potent fluorescent universal nucleobase. Its brightness in both oligodeoxyribonucleotides (ODNs) and DNA duplexes (4200 - 10000 M -1 × cm -1 ) originates from a high molar extinction coefficient (averaged ε 368 37000 M -1 × cm -1 ), provided by the appended 3-methylbenzo[d]thiazolyl moiety, and a relatively high quantum yield (0.11 – 0.27). Melting temperature variations observed upon the incorporation of oxo-Ade BZT opposite native nucleobases in a duplex context did not exceed 10%. The basis of these universal hybridizing properties was unveiled using computational methods. According to molecular dynamics simulations, oxo-Ade BZT pushes the opposite nucleobase out of the DNA double helix and forms multiple hydrophobic contacts with the flanking base pairs. At the same time, the rotational mobility of the bonds between the oxo-Ade BZT -constituting heterobicycles decreases, and oxo-Ade BZT adopts a planar conformation in both ODNs and their duplexes, resulting in the light-up effect. These properties make oxo-Ade BZT a promising molecular tool for analytical, biophysical and biochemical studies.

In this study, the effect of crop rotation structure and cereal saturation on winter wheat productivity under semiarid conditions of Uzbekistan was analyzed. The research was conducted over a 20‐year period (2002–2022) at the Samarkand branch of the Research Institute of Agriculture and Agro‐Technologies. Ten rotation schemes were examined. The experiment included three‐field and four‐field short crop rotations with different levels of cereal saturation (33.3%–100%) and contrasting predecessor crops, including legumes, cereals, row crops, and bare fallow. Crop rotation systems with varying levels of cereal saturation and diverse precursor crops were investigated. Winter wheat yield data were statistically analyzed using one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s HSD test ( p < 0.05), allowing the assessment of both productivity and interannual yield stability under contrasting rotation systems. It was determined that rotations incorporating legumes significantly improved grain yield and marketable output. It was established that the highest yields were observed in four‐field rotations with chickpea as a precursor and full cereal saturation. It was revealed that continuous winter wheat cultivation resulted in the lowest yields due to soil fatigue and disease accumulation. Integration of legumes improved soil nitrogen availability and resilience to climatic stress. Diversified rotations provided better interannual yield stability. Optimizing rotation structure is critical for sustainable wheat production in arid environments. It was proposed that legume–cereal rotations with ≥ 75% cereal saturation represent a viable model for semiarid farming systems.

The syntheses and structures of (3aRS,4RS,9aSR)-3-oxo-2-(2-phenyl-eth-yl)-2,3,3a,4,9,9a-hexa-hydro-1H-benzo[f]iso-indole-4-carb-oxy-lic acid, C21H21NO3 (I), (3aRS,4RS,9aSR)-3-oxo-2-(propan-2-yl)-2,3,3a,4,9,9a-hexa-hydro-1H-benzo[f]iso-indole-4-carb-oxy-lic acid, C16H19NO3 (II) and (4RS)-3-oxo-2-phenyl-2,3,4,9-tetra-hydro-1H-benzo[f]iso-indole-4-carb-oxy-lic acid, C19H15NO3 (III), are described. Compound (I) crystallizes with two mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit. In the extended structures of (I), (II) and (III) the mol-ecules are linked by Oc-H⋯Oi (c = carb-oxy-lic acid, i = indole) hydrogen bonds, forming a common C(7) zigzag chain motif propagating along the [010] direction, despite the different local symmetries. These chains are connected by weak C-H⋯O and C-H⋯π inter-actions, forming a three-dimensional network in each case. A Hirshfeld surface analysis was undertaken to investigate and qu-antify the inter-molecular inter-actions, which are dominated by H⋯H, C⋯H/H⋯C and O⋯H/H⋯O contacts in each case.