Russian State Academy of Intellectual Property

The paper analyzes the importance of reproductive technologies as to inheritance law, examines the conditions for the exercise of the rights of heirs by law or will to reproductive material after the death of the person who provided it, as well as issues related to the establishment of the fact of the child’s descent from specific persons. The author notes that these problems are more regulated in common law countries, the judicial practice of which has gradually developed the doctrine-supported concept of the possibility of disposing of biomaterials in case of death and posthumous conception of a child as the basis for establishing its origin and recognizing its inheritance rights. The issues raised are widely discussed in modern doctrine, but the current legislation does not contain any relevant instructions, and the conservative approach to their solution still dominates in Russian judicial practice. Based on the study of the most significant opinions of foreign courts, the author makes a conclusion about the expediency of creatively borrowing the most successful of them in the further development of Russian inheritance law and the need to transfer to the legal field solutions to complex ethical problems associated with the birth of posthumous offspring. In order to expand the testamentary capacity of Russian citizens and taking into account the possibilities of modern assisted reproductive technologies, it is proposed to allow the transfer of the reproductive biological material of the deceased person to the surviving spouse or parents, to consolidate the right of citizens to dispose of such material in a will and to provide for the possibility of including living children born within 3 years after the death of the testator among the heirs.

Introduction. The analysis of the argumentation employed by scientists and educators in recent years reveals a tendency to adopt an uncritical attitude towards the opinions of scientific authorities, as well as distortions in the formulation of definitions and inaccuracies in both theoretical and empirical justifications of conclusions. These issues indicate attempts at methodological “interference” within the argumentative discourse in science education. Aim. The present research aims to identify the specifics of scientific argumentation in pedagogy and categorise the criteria for its compliance with the methodological framework into two parts: the formulation of “strict” and “soft” requirements. Methodology and research methods. The following research methods were employed: analysis of recordings of scientific dialogues, as well as texts from articles, monographs, and dissertations on pedagogy to assess argumentative correctness; analysis of methodological literature addressing the issues of argumentation across various fields of knowledge; and a method for dividing the field of scientific argumentation into two categories based on the characteristics of the subject of pedagogical research, including the potential for definition and the construction of theoretical frameworks. Results. The outcome of the study is the identification of the requirements for scientific arguments in pedagogy, shaped by the unique characteristics of its subject area. These requirements can be categorised into two types: “strict” requirements, which should be aspired to, and “soft” requirements, which can be described as mitigating circumstances that assist pedagogical researchers in addressing criticisms arising from comparisons between pedagogical argumentation and analogous processes in other scientific disciplines. Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of this research lies in the justification for dividing the field of argumentation – an essential component of pedagogical methodology – into “hard” and “soft” criteria that align the arguments of scientific pedagogy with methodological norms. Practical significance of the results lies in the potential to utilise the presented material as educational content for students enrolled in pedagogical education programmes, serving as a guide for completing their final qualifying works.

An article presents theoretical provisions and practical examples of use energy-saving technologies in Russian energy companies on different levels and territories. The authors presented assessment criteria for evaluate effectiveness of energy-saving measures. The article contains examples and practical situ-ations when the results of evaluation are strategically important for the energy industry and the Russian economy as a whole.

The subject of the presented paper is the normative foundations and doctrinal approaches to industrial designs and museum objects as intellectual property objects, which is predetermined by the purpose of the research, which is to identify the relationship and interaction of norms regulating relations in the field of intellectual property objects having the features of museum objects and industrial designs. The methodological basis was made up of a comparative method that allowed us to correlate the concept, signs, and legal consequences of the regimes of the considered objects. The methodology of the study also included a content analysis of information systems containing information about intellectual property objects, as well as a formal legal method that allowed to reveal the essence of the legal nature of the ratio of the studied objects. According to the results of the study, the general and special characteristics of museum objects and industrial designs were established, the correlation of the legal regime of the considered objects was revealed. Based on this, the field of applied results consists of public relations related to the processes of museumisation of industrial heritage aimed at preserving and popularizing cultural values of industrial activity. The conclusions obtained made it possible to note the differentiation of objects of protection in copyright and patent law, it was established that industrial designs cannot be represented by methods and means of protection peculiar to copyright object. This distinction is also due to the definition of an industrial design and methods of use established in civil legislation. At the same time, it is recognized that the ideological component of a particular intellectual property object in the conditions of its life cycle can move from the mode of an industrial design to the mode of a museum object.

Аннотация. Председатель совета многоквартирного дома оказался наделен правом представлять интересы собственников помещений в суде по определенным категориям дел, если такое право делегировано ему решением общего собрания. Для подтверждения полномочий председателя совета многоквартирного дома требуется решение общего собрания или доверенность. Однако процессуальное положение, объем полномочий председателя и порядок их подтверждения остаются неопределенными. Цель: проанализировать процессуально-правовое положение председателя совета многоквартирного дома на предмет оптимизации его статуса в целях более эффективной защиты прав большой группы лиц, которую образуют собственники помещений в многоквартирном доме. Это потребует критической оценки ряда положений Федерального закона № 592-ФЗ от 12 декабря 2023 г. Методы: эмпирические методы сравнения, описания, интерпретации; теоретические методы формальной и диалектической логики; частнонаучные методы: юридико-догматический и толкования правовых норм. Результаты: доказано, что процессуальное положение председателя совета многоквартирного дома должно определяться не в качестве положения процессуального представителя, а как положение лица -члена группы, инициирующего обращение в защиту прав и законных интересов других членов группы -собственников помещений в многоквартирном доме. Доказана ошибочность подхода, предполагающего специальное наделение председателя совета многоквартирного дома процессуальными полномочиями.

This study provides an overview of encrypted unregulated digital assets (cryptocurrency). Recent developments in various countries of the world are analyzed. A forecast is made on the development of the cryptocurrency market in the next 10-15 years. A conclusion is made about the relevance of cryptocurrency today and in the near future. Prospects for the development of encrypted unregulated digital assets (cryptocurrency) are considered and analyzed.

Статья посвящена анализу современной кластерной политики в Стране Басков. В статье рассмотрены ключевые элементы кластерной политики в Стране Басков. Подробно представлен опыт Страны Басков в качестве примера становления и эволюции кластерной политики в европейском контексте. Руководящими принципами кластерной политики были следующие: активная роль правительства, инновации как основа новой модели, диверсификация, конкуренция и сотрудничество компаний как источник конкурентоспособности по сравнению с внешним миром, избегание применения протекционистской политики. Пример Басков показывает большой вес кластеров и высокий уровень их вклада в региональный ВВП. Применение стратегий умной специализации было одной из основных задач кластерной политики в последнее время. Центральным моментом стратегий умной специализации -является определение трех стратегических приоритетных областей: передовое производство, энергетика, биологические науки и здравоохранение. Вместе с этими тремя приоритетами, стратегия умной специализации также определяет четыре ниши возможностей в следующих областях: продукты питания, творческие и культурные индустрии, городской среды обитания и экологические экосистемы. Кластерные ассоциации играли ведущую роль на всех этапах Региональной стратегии Страны Басков, что иллюстрирует тип взаимодействия между этими двумя уровнями политики.

The importance of the topic is due to the wide advancing and dissemination of additional professional education, the development and functioning of educational services market, which increases the educational content misuse’s risks and threats as an intellectual property object (IP rights). The purpose of the research is to identify and determine the theoretical features of additional professional education programs’ materials’ protection. Such tasks as basic categories identification, analysis of the court disputes’ current practice related to educational materials protection as intellectual property objects, as well as the measures definition established by law to protect the additional professional education programs’ educational content as intellectual property objects are defined. Through the study of empirical data, primarily expressed in the materials of judicial practice, an attempt is made to generalize and systematize additional professional education programs’ protection legal regulation theoretical issues as intellectual property objects in the field of education. It is concluded that training materials fall under the definition of a work, and taking into account their properties expressed in the means of visualization through, in most cases, presentations and video courses with the independence signs presence and self-sufficiency, additional professional education programs training materials are recognized as composite works.

The article considers methodical approaches to the development and implementation of innovation policy in Russia. It introduces an analysis of the current state of domestic sectoral innovation policy, its regulatory and legal framework, levels, institutions, criteria, and performance indicators. The author believes that the low innovation activity of economic agents in Russia is caused by the poor theory and methodology of innovation policy, which also affects the innovative potential of the domestic economy. The current sectoral mechanisms of support and implementation of innovative solutions is also ineffective. The author reviewed available publications on innovation policy and various strategic documents, as well as analyzed the foreign experience of sectoral innovation policy. The paper also contains a diachronic analysis of the innovation policy in Russia. The author developed a matrix approach to innovation policy mechanisms in terms of levels, strategic perspectives, and implementation. This simple and visual three-vector matrix provides an efficient analysis of mechanisms of sectoral innovation policy.

The extremely important role of innovation management in the digital transformation age determines the relevance of this research. The development of the theory of innovation, which began in the first half of the 20th century, has gained numerous apologists and antagonists. However, the process of evolution of innovative views in the society of the cyber industries is being further updated. The research aims to consider the prospects of information systems in knowledge management in the search for new resources for the growth of the real sector of the economy and, in particular, through the organization of the process of commercial use of intellectual property objects in industrial production in the period of digital transformation. The following research tasks are set: to determine contemporary methodological approaches in innovation management, to identify new opportunities for the growth of the real sector due to the use of the strategy of intellectual capital management, to consider specific trends for bringing knowledge-intensive products to the market in branches 4.0.