Saft (France)

Benefiting from the merits of high energy density, wide operating voltage, and rapid ion transport dynamics, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become increasingly widespread in electric vehicles, energy storage, and electronic products. However, the thermal runaway initiated by the internal short circuit (ISC) of the battery causes a serious safety issue. In this work, high-safety LIBs with high-temperature self-interrupting effect are fabricated by employing TiNi-based shape memory alloy (TN-SMA) with shape memory effect (SME) as the current collector to delay thermal runaway. When ISC occurs, the shape recovery of TN-SMA creates a physical gap between cathodes and anodes inside the battery at the initiation of thermal runaway, which effectively blocks the migration of electrons and ions and avoids the catastrophic thermal runaway of the battery. Meanwhile, after nail penetration testing, the pouch cell with TN-SMA as the current collector still maintained a relatively intact appearance and no high-temperature scorching was observed on the aluminum-plastic film of the pouch cell, confirming the strong efficacy in preventing thermal runaway and markedly improving the overall safety of the battery. Finally, through the rational selection of TN-SMA, the as-obtained LIBs show excellent electrochemical performance and high safety. Hence, the TN-SMA as the current collector shows a promising application prospect in high-safety LIBs.

This study addresses the engineering need to predict multi-position underground responses during multi-hole polymer grouting in shallow voided soil, where coupled effects of grouting volume and void depth may lead to insufficient filling or excessive top-soil heave risk. To improve prediction accuracy—especially for the top soil response—an intelligent hybrid model integrating a Convolutional Neural Network, a Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit, and an Attention mechanism (CNN-BiGRU-Attention) is developed. The framework extracts coupled parameter patterns via CNN, learns pseudo-sequential dependencies constructed from the static input features via BiGRU (rather than true temporal evolution), and applies an attention mechanism to dynamically re-weight the learned representations for prediction. Based on indoor test data, grouting volume and void depth are used as inputs, and soil responses at the two-hole end, one-hole end, and top are set as outputs. Model performance is evaluated using the coefficient of determination (R2), mean absolute error (MAE), and root mean square error (RMSE), and is compared with single CNN, single BiGRU and SVR models. In addition, SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) is employed to analyze feature contributions. Results indicate that the CNN-BiGRU-Attention model significantly outperforms the other models: the average test-set R2 reaches 0.92982, while RMSE and MAE decrease to 0.18124 kPa and 0.14386 kPa, respectively, demonstrating improved accuracy and stability. SHAP analysis shows that grouting volume dominates the holeend responses (contribution > 65%), whereas void depth has a stronger influence on the top response (contribution 63.3%), consistent with soil mechanics theory. Overall, the proposed model provides a practical tool for grouting parameter optimization and risk control.

This study aims to interpret the principle of balance under Law Number 28 of 2014 on Copyright (UUHC) through an analysis of the royalty dispute and song usage license between Ari Bias and Agnes Mo. The research employs a normative legal method using statutory and case approaches, positioning the dispute as a test case to examine the accuracy of normative interpretation. The findings indicate that the dispute constitutes a form of compound infringement that simultaneously violates economic rights through the use of the work without royalty payments and moral rights through the disregard of the creator’s control over the use of the work. The analysis confirms that the principle of balance cannot be construed as a basis for limiting the creator’s exclusive rights, but rather as a rights-based balance that places exclusive rights as the default principle. The claim of “indirect contribution” lacks a legal basis to eliminate the obligation to obtain permission and pay royalties. The novelty of this study lies in the conceptual reconstruction of the principle of balance through the analysis of compound infringement in a concrete case, as well as its implications for legal certainty and the strengthening of Indonesia’s creative industry ecosystem. Penelitian ini bertujuan menafsirkan asas keseimbangan dalam Undang Undang Hak Cipta melalui analisis sengketa royalti dan izin penggunaan lagu antara Ari Bias dan Agnes Mo. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan kasus, menempatkan sengketa tersebut sebagai test case untuk menguji ketepatan interpretasi norma. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sengketa ini merupakan bentuk compound infringement yang secara simultan melanggar hak ekonomi melalui penggunaan karya tanpa pembayaran royalti serta hak moral melalui pengabaian kontrol pencipta atas penggunaan karya. Analisis menegaskan bahwa asas keseimbangan tidak dapat dimaknai sebagai dasar pembatasan hak eksklusif pencipta, melainkan sebagai prinsip berbasis hak (rights-based balance) yang menempatkan hak eksklusif sebagai prinsip dasar (default principle). Klaim “kontribusi tidak langsung” tidak memiliki dasar hukum untuk menghapus kewajiban memperoleh izin dan membayar royalti. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada rekonstruksi konseptual asas keseimbangan melalui analisis compound infringement dalam konteks kasus konkret, serta implikasinya terhadap kepastian hukum dan penguatan ekosistem industri kreatif Indonesia.

Abstract In recent years, with the improvement of enterprise transformation and cost reduction and efficiency consciousness, domestic oil & gas production and storage and transportation enterprises gradually pay attention to the reuse of steel pipes in stock. This paper summarizes the current management status of stocked steel pipes in various domestic entities and the existing problems during steel pipe storage (such as unclear marking, corrosion damage, pipe body deformation, and mechanical damage), and analyses their hazards during the reuse of stock steel pipes. Focusing on the actual needs of reuse, combined with the storage condition of stock steel pipes, the sampling methods of steel pipes in different stock states are explored, and with reference to the existing testing standards and steel pipeline production and manufacturing standards, the testing items, assessment and reuse process, maintenance and disposal methods of stock steel pipes for long-distance pipelines are determined, and a set of assessment techniques applicable to the reuse of stock steel pipes are established to ensure the safety and reliability of reused stock steel pipes and the ability to reuse stock steel pipes in a safe and reliable way. It can play an important role in the rational utilization of stock steel pipe and enterprise cost reduction and efficiency management.

Background and objective Enteric fever remains a major public health problem in Sudan, particularly in areas with poor sanitation and limited health care resources. Accurate diagnosis is essential for appropriate management; however, diagnostic practices often rely on unreliable methods. This clinical audit aimed to evaluate current diagnostic practices for enteric fever at Kosti Teaching Hospital, assess adherence to WHO standards, identify gaps in diagnostic methods, and propose recommendations to improve diagnostic accuracy. Methods This study was a retrospective clinical audit conducted at Kosti Teaching Hospital, Sudan, reviewing the medical records of patients diagnosed with enteric (typhoid) fever during the study period. Data were extracted using a structured audit checklist to evaluate diagnostic practices, including documentation of clinical features, laboratory investigations requested (e.g., Widal/Felix-Widal test, serology, antibody testing, blood culture, and stool or rectal swab culture), and adherence to recommended diagnostic guidelines. Descriptive analysis was performed, and results were summarized using frequencies and percentages. Results Fifty-six patient records were reviewed. Headache and body pain (87.5%) and fever (85.7%) were the most common presenting symptoms. The Widal test was the most frequently used diagnostic tool (67.9%), followed by antibody detection (22.6%) and serology (Widal test) (17%). Blood culture, the diagnostic gold standard, was performed in only 1.9% of cases. No patients underwent stool culture or typhoid testing. The heavy reliance on the Widal test and clinical features, with minimal use of confirmatory tests, indicates substantial deviation from international guidelines. Conclusions The audit revealed significant gaps in enteric fever diagnosis at Kosti Teaching Hospital, characterized by heavy reliance on clinical assessment and Widal testing, with minimal use of blood culture due to limited resources. These practices compromise diagnostic accuracy and reflect broader health system challenges, including inadequate laboratory capacity and underfunding. Strengthening diagnostic infrastructure, improving access to reliable tests, and providing ongoing health care worker training are essential to align practices with WHO standards and improve patient outcomes in Sudan.

<title>Abstract</title> <bold>Background</bold> People who use substances (PWUS) experience disproportionately higher burden of sexually transmitted and bloodborne infections (STBBIs) compared to the general population. Harm reduction supply distribution sites are recognized as potential access points for STBBI testing among PWUS. However, little is known about the uptake of STBBI testing among PWUS who access these sites. This study aimed to identify factors associated with recent STBBI testing among PWUS accessing harm reduction sites. <bold>Methods</bold> We analyzed cross-sectional data from the 2023 Harm Reduction Client Survey in British Columbia, Canada, which included 433 respondents across 23 sites. Sociodemographic, substance use, and harm reduction-related factors associated with recent testing (previous 12 months) for HIV, hepatitis C virus (HCV), or syphilis were examined. Adjusted risk ratios (aRRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Poisson regression with robust standard errors. Analysis and interpretation were guided by people with lived or living experience of substance use and/or STBBIs. <bold>Results</bold> Over one-third of respondents (38%) had not been tested for an STBBI in the previous 12 months. Those participating in smaller communities (aRR = 0.7; 95% CI: 0.48, 1.03), from health regions outside Vancouver Coastal (Fraser Health aRR = 0.66; 95% CI: 0.43–1.02), and women (aRR = 0.85; 95% CI = 0.64, 1.12) were less likely to have been recently tested. Participants prescribed alternatives to the toxic drug supply (aRR = 1.21; 95% CI: 0.93, 1.59) were more likely to report recent testing. Among those who reported a previous STBBI test, either within the previous 12 months or earlier (n = 281), HIV testing was the most common (93%), followed by syphilis (88%) and HCV (83%). Nearly one-quarter (23%) of respondents did not know their test results. The majority of respondents (73%) expressed interest in accessing STBBI self-testing kits through harm reduction sites. <bold>Conclusions</bold> Many PWUS accessing harm reduction sites reported no recent STBBI testing, particularly women and those outside large urban centres. Distributing self-testing kits through these sites could potentially help reduce the disproportionate burden of STBBIs among PWUS and contribute to progress toward eliminating STBBIs as a public health threat. <bold>Clinical trial number:</bold> Not applicable.

This paper presents a novel expression for the partial mutual inductance between the core and screen of a coaxial or pipe-type cable. This partial mutual inductance describes the electromotive force in the screen when there is current in the core and not the screen. This differs from the conventional expression for the inductance of a coaxial cable whose derivation supposes balanced opposing currents flowing in the core and screen. The magnetic field generated by a time-varying current in the core with no balancing current in the screen is an expanding field of infinite extent. This contrasts with the loop inductance of a coaxial cable, which exists only within the cable confines. The expanding nature of the field through a surface limits the forms of Faraday's Law that can be applied to describe the inductance being defined. The partial mutual inductance is determined by applying Maxwell-Faraday's Law to a surface with two closed but independent boundaries. The result aligns with field tests conducted on coaxial power cables, which indicate that the electromotive force generated by the current within the coaxial screen depends solely on the cable length and the frequency of excitation. Part II of this paper presents experimental support for this theory.

Mn-rich Li(Mn,Fe)PO 4 cathode materials show considerable asymmetric behaviour in their electrochemical, structural and electronic properties, with important implications for commercial battery applications.