Saint-Petersburg State Agrarian University

The challenges of increasing crop productivity and improving harvest quality can be addressed by optimizing the phytosanitary status of agroecosystems and the application of effective and environmentally safe plant protection agents. This study investigated the effects of multifunctional biological preparations based on strains of antagonistic microorganisms of different taxonomic positions and their combinations with chitosan salicylate in the cultivation of spring soft wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). It was found that the application of multifunctional complexes based on strains of Bacillus subtilis, Streptomyces felleus S-8, Streptomyces sp. VIZR-18, and 0.1% chitosan salicylate significantly increased wheat productivity and yield (up to 147.8%) by increasing the number and length of primary and nodal roots, productive tillering, the number of spikelets, and the grain weight per spike. A significant reduction in plant disease incidence was observed: the biological efficacy against root rot was 50%, against Septoria leaf blotch 77.6%, and powdery mildew development was also significantly suppressed.

Purpose : to study and summarize data from domestic and foreign authors on the mechanisms of follicular waves in female cattle, the cyclical nature of their manifestation, and the influence of various factors on them.The maturation of follicles within the reproductive cycle in female cattle occurs in waves. Using ultrasound diagnostics and blood sampling for estradiol levels, it was found that in the sexual cycle of cattle, from one to four follicular waves are formed during the estrous cycle. Follicular waves consist of groups of growing follicles with a diameter of ≥ 4 mm, from which the dominant follicle is selected, while the remaining follicles undergo atresia. If the dominant follicle reaches its maximum size (>10 mm) during the wave, ovulation occurs – the cycle becomes two–wave, if it does not reach, then another wave begins, if the follicle reaches its maximum size during it, the cycle becomes three-wave. The frequency of occurrence of follicular waves affects the duration of the sexual cycle – three-wave cycles are longer than two-wave cycles. The use of knowledge about follicular waves is of particular importance for practical purposes, since in the future it will improve the reproduction rates of cattle by improving approaches to selecting the optimal scheme for synchronizing sexual hunting of animals, reducing the cost of insemination and increasing its effectiveness.

The article explores a set of socio-economic conditions that determine the effectiveness of implementing individualized learning in the professional education system. The relevance of the topic is driven by the demands of the modern labor market for flexible, self-learning professionals who can create unique career paths. The purpose of the study is to analyze the key external and internal factors that act as catalysts or barriers to the implementation of individualized learning and to develop practical recommendations for their optimization. The research methodology involves a systematic analysis of scientific literature, legal documents, and the generalization of pedagogical experience. The main results of the work are structured around three groups of conditions: regulatory and resource conditions, human resources and pedagogical conditions, and socio-psychological conditions. The article's conclusions indicate that the successful implementation of the IO is possible only through a systemic transformation that synchronizes legal, economic, human resources, and social aspects. Investments in creating these conditions are strategic, as they aim to improve the quality of human capital and reduce long-term socio-economic costs.

Scientific study of the philosophical lyrics of Russian poets is relevant above all due to the impact of poetry on the overall development of Russian culture: it is impossible to imagine Russian culture without the poetry of the 19th century, which shaped the literary Russian language; the philosophical universe of Russian poetry influences the formation of the shared cultural space of contemporary Russia. The purpose of this study is to establish ways of conceptualizing the creative self-reflection of the poet-thinkers of the 1820s and 1830s. Its objectives include (1) identifying relevant concepts, including those that reinterpret pre-existing poetic proto-concepts, through analysis of imagery and thematic patterns, and (2) attempting to trace their evolution in the works of these poets themselves and in the nearest poetic reflections. The research materials are the poems of the poet-lovers of wisdom (D. S. Venevitinov, S. P. Shevyrev and A. S. Khomyakov), as well as their contemporary E. A. Baratynsky, who, as it is well-known, did not belong to the circle of “lovers of wisdom”, but developed themes close to their philosophical and poetic pursuits. The analysis of the selected works has previously been conducted from various scholarly perspectives. However, the philosophy of culture perspective adopted here enables a focus on the specific philosophical discourse that reveals, in early 19th-century Russian culture, the potential for understanding both independent intellectual pursuits and the search for German thought through the lens of Russian tradition. The study employs content analysis, to manually identify the presence of concepts related to philosophical self-reflection, as well as categorical analysis, supplemented in some cases by a phenomenological approach and discourse analysis. As a result of the investigation, it was established that the conceptualization of creative reflection can be traced in such concepts as mind, thought, cognition, as well as in related concepts (spirit, heavenly regions, rise, inspiration); and in binary oppositions such as light/darkness, day/night, mind/heart, life/death. Overall, this thematic line represents a kind of poetic phenomenology of the cognitive process. At the same time, the early stage of its formation (the period of the 1820s and 1830s), primarily its initial development in the poetry of the “lovers of wisdom”, is associated with the conceptualization of the figure of the ideal poet within the framework of the Romantic theme. One of the attributes of his image, along with inspiration, is a clear thought that embraces the universe in the rapture of knowledge, combined in harmonious balance with heart and soul. It is demonstrated that the concept of thought finds its detailed expression in such poems as Thought by Shevyrev, Thoughts by Khomyakov, and All thought and thought... by Baratynsky. Historical-cultural and semantic analysis of the poetic texts allows us to reveal a dramatic turn: the optimistic pathos of introducing thought to the higher world (poets-lovers of wisdom) is replaced in the second period of the development of the topic by deep skepticism: true knowledge seems unattainable (Baratynsky). In the reflections of Baratynsky's poetry, the stage of the entry of thought into a period of trials and disappointments is seen. The poet's aspiration to transcend the boundaries of the sensory world, which cools his soul toward earthly existence, encounters insurmountable obstacles, the harmony of mind and heart turns out to be illusory. This mental situation described in Baratynsky's poems is characterized as a drama of cognition. The poetic phenomenology of thought revealed in the article — lyrical reflections of the process of cognition and self-knowledge — enriches our understanding of the uniqueness of Russian poetry and culture in general.

This paper presents a specific area within engineering geodynamics: the processes of snowdrift and their impact on the efficiency of engineering and economic development in the Arc-tic regions of Russia. Snow deposits are analogous to soil of aeolian genesis, representing complex and dynamic systems. Extreme forms of snow cover, commonly referred to as «snowdrifts», are partly induced by human engineering activities. The authors used data from official meteorological stations to estimate the volume of accumulated snow. The calculations build on direct measurements of snow transport volumes. The core methodological principles are grounded in a conceptual analysis of wind-driven snow processes, viewed as the geological functions of wind. As such, snowdrifts extent is treated as an engineering-geological process, and snow deposits are regarded as analogous to aeolian soils. The wind-driven snow processes study employs principles of engineering geodynamics, aerodynamics, information technologies, and mathematical tools, along with operational experience from northern transport systems, to ensure high reliability of the results. The authors conducted a geodynamic zoning of the territory, classifying different types of snow deposits based on various factors. The paper`s authors proposed a digital forecasting model of snowdrifts extent on Norilsk–Talnakh highway. This model will serve to ensure the safe operation of vehicles, transport systems, and essential services for the population and industries in the Norilsk region. It reflects the patterns of snow deposits under urban subarctic conditions of Russian Federation. The model aims to support both civilian and military infrastructure in the harsh climate zones of Russia by providing reliable forecasts of snowdrifts extent. These forecasts facilitate the estimation of snow volume on specific highway sections over any given period.

Larix decidua Mill. is a breed planted for initial introduction testing more than 120 years ago on the territory of East Prussia, now the Kaliningrad region. These plantings are of considerable interest in terms of the success of the introduction. An assessment of the taxation indicators has been carried out, specifying the age of individual trees, the number of plantings, its sanitary condition, the species composition of related species, the composition of the undergrowth, the presence of undergrowth and its condition, the presence and abundance of self-seeding. The characteristics of the soil cover are also given. In the studied area, the type of forest conditions is D2, and the type of forest is linden larch. Plantations are developing according to the I growth class, as part of the European larch stand from 6 to 10 units, the wood stock is 322–386 m 3 /ha. A comparison with the 2013 taxation figures showed that the allotments differ little in terms of the composition of the plantation and the stand density at the time of the study. A noticeable difference is observed in standing crop. The sanitary condition of the surveyed sample areas has been determined on a scale of tree condition categories and classified into categories of living conditions that differ in two quarters: in quarter 32, the state of the stand is classified as "weakened", in quarter 171 – as "healthy". In the Kaliningrad region, European larch has successfully acclimatized and adapted well to local conditions. However, in block 32, due to the aging and high density of trees, the population becomes less stable, pests appear that damage the trunks, and the risk of windstorms increases. Undergrowth or self-seeding of the main breed, European larch, have not been found in the test areas and on the neighboring allotments.

Recently, much attention has been paid to the problem of ecological farming in agricultural produc tion due to the increased interest in the production of safe products. The article presents the results of analyzing the dynamics of soil enzyme activity of hydrolases and oxidoreductases class at pre-sowing inoculation of winter triticale seeds (X Triticosecale Wittm. ex A. Camus) of the Bilinda variety with complex microbial preparations based on associative diazotrophic microorganisms. The following microbial preparations were used in the experiment: Flavobacterin (Flavobacterium sp., strain 30), Mizorin (Arthrobacter mysorens, strain 7), Agrophil (Agrobacterium radiobacter, strain 10), Rizobact RZHF (Corynebacterium sp., strain PBT 7) and FZHF (Pseudomonas sp., strain PBT 4). Soil samples were collected at three dates, which corresponded to the phases of booting, earing and wax ripeness. An increase in the urease activity was detected in the wax ripeness phase. The maximum level of the enzyme was recorded in the variants with application of Flavobacterin (30.7 mg NH3 per 10 g of soil) and Rizobact FZHF (30.2 mg NH3 per 10 g of soil). In the same phase, maximum phosphatase values were observed in the variant with application of Mizorin (2.9 mg P2 O5 ), and invertase in the variants with application of Agrophil (15.6 mg glucose) and Rizobact RZHF (16.7 mg glucose). The highest concentration of catalase was observed at the earing phase when Agrophil and Flavobacterin were used (respectively 3.8 and 3.4 ml of O2 released in 2 min per 1 g of soil). High rates of plant height and ear productivity were obtained in the variant with inoculation with Flavobacterin preparation. The increase relative to the control in this case amounted to: by plant height – 5.63%, by ear length – 5.3%, by number of grains – 16.7%, by grain weight per ear – 41.4%.

Background:The prevalence of tricuspid valve (TV) infective endocarditis (IE) continues to increase among patients with drug addictions and chronic vascular access or cardiac electronic devices. Moreover, long-term mortality and morbidity following surgery with conventional prostheses remain high. Allografts may represent a suitable alternative in tricuspid surgery. This study aimed to compare outcomes between stented biological valves and mitral allografts (MAs) for tricuspid valve replacement (TVR).Methods:A total of 54 patients with IE underwent TVR using either a stented bioprosthesis (B) or MA between January 2016 and July 2024. Clinical and echocardiographic data were analyzed in accordance with the Tricuspid-Valve Academic Research Consortium (T-VARC) criteria. Early safety, clinical efficacy, and time-to-event survival were compared between the two equal B and MA groups.Results:There were no in-hospital or 30-day mortality, nor cardiac, cerebral, and wound complications in either group. The peak and mean pressure gradient (PG) on TV after surgery were 9.2 (6.5–12.0) and 4.0 (3.2–6.0) mmHg in the B group versus 6.0 (4.5–7.5) and 3.0 (2.0–4.0) mmHg in the MA group (p < 0.001). A T-VARC-adjusted analysis demonstrated superior freedom from cardiovascular mortality, recurrent IE, reoperation, and permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI) in the MA group 2 years after operation. Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed significantly higher freedom from cardiovascular mortality in the MA group (100% vs. 81.5%, 77.8%, 77.8%, 69.6% respectively (log-rank test, p = 0.011) at 12-, 18-, 24-, 36-months, and freedom from PPI (100% vs. 81% at all time intervals) (log-rank test, p = 0.021).Conclusion:Application of contemporary endpoint criteria demonstrated superior outcomes with MA, including lower cardiovascular mortality, reduced PPI, fewer recurrent endocarditis, decreased reoperations, cardiac hospitalizations, alongside improved patient-reported outcomes. Time-to-event analysis demonstrated benefits in cardiovascular survival and PPI avoidance with allografts. Mitral allograft may be a preferable alternative valve substitute for TVR in patients with IE.Clinical Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT06591000, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06591000?term=NCT06591000&rank=1, registration date: September 19, 2024.

Aspects of financial management come to the fore in the face of the need to generate internal sources of quality growth and socio-economic development of the national economy.The most important place in this aspect is taken by the corporate financial strategy, as a set of decisions on the operational, investment and financial activities of the company.An attempt to justify and develop a theoretical platform for a financial strategy can become a universal mechanism for the formation of tools for managing financial flows of companies, regardless on sectoral affiliation.