Salt (Norway)

We present the results of our study of the long-period eclipsing binary star \Aur. The results are based on spectroscopic data obtained with the UFES \'echelle spectrograph and photometric observations from TESS. The derived radial velocity curve is based on 17 spectra obtained between 2021 and 2023, covering all orbital phases of this binary system. The orbital period determined from TESS data, $P = 27.019803 \pm 0.000003$ days, agrees within uncertainties with the period established in previous studies. The model constructed for the TESS photometric light curve achieves a precision of 0.01\%. The effective temperatures of both components, as well as the system metallicity, were directly derived from the spectra and are $T_\mathrm{eff, A} = 6250 \pm 50$\,K, $T_\mathrm{eff, B} = 5855 \pm 50$\,K, and $\mathrm{[Fe/H]} = -0.10 \pm 0.08$, respectively. Our analysis of the photometric and spectroscopic data allowed us to directly compute the luminosities of the components, $L_A = 1.82\,L_\odot$ and $L_B = 1.07\,L_\odot$, their radii, $R_A = 1.15\,R_\odot$ and $R_B = 1.00\,R_\odot$, and their masses, $M_A = 1.137\,M_\odot$ and $M_B = 1.023\,M_\odot$, with uncertainties below 1\%. Comparison with evolutionary tracks indicates that the system's age is $1.18 \pm 0.10$\,Gyr, and both components are still on the main sequence. The \Aur\ system is particularly interesting due to the partial eclipse of the primary component, which results in the ``inversion'' of the primary and secondary minima in the photometric light curve.

Norske yrkesfiskerier er omfattende regulert. Artikkelen behandler kravene til hvilke redskap og fartøystørrelser som kan brukes i fiskeriene (redskapsregulering). Kravene bygger først og fremst på reguleringstradisjoner og ressursfordelingspolitikk, selv om marinbiologiske og redskapstekniske anbefalinger spiller inn. Artikkelen presenterer hovedtrekkene i redskapsreguleringene i hvilken grad reglene bidrar til oppfyllelse av Norges internasjonale klimaforpliktelser, om Stortinget har etablert tilstrekkelige garantier for slik oppfyllelse, og betydningen av noen sentrale rettslige skranker i Grunnloven og Den europeiske menneskerettighetskonvensjonen (EMK). Dette er aktuelle problemstillinger gitt dagens raske teknologiutvikling og store behov for omlegging til et mer klimamiljøvennlig fiske.

A systematic review of research on marine macrolitter densities in the past five years (2015–2020) revealed considerable knowledge gaps in the field. Nearly half he reviewed studies were on stranded litter. Data are scarce from many of the regions estimated to mismanage the largest amounts of plastic waste. In regions where data are available these are typically from coastal areas with few data from the high and deep seas; 57% and 87% of studies on pelagic and seafloor litter, respectively, took place within 100 km from shore. Data on pelagic litter are generally constrained to the sea surface and only two of 30 pelagic studies have measured macrolitter deeper in the water column. Reported litter densities are generally highest for stranded litter, although seafloor litter densities by weight are high in some areas. Reported densities of floating litter are several orders of magnitude lower. However, a lack of standardisation of methods makes it difficult both to assess and to compare litter densities within and across the different environmental compartments in time and space. The review illustrates a great need for survey design development within the field of macroplastics and point to some long-established considerations from ecological research pertaining to independence of data points, spatial autocorrelation, sampling scale, and plot size and shape which are highly relevant also for marine litter research. These considerations are relevant both for global standardisation efforts and for independent studies. Furthermore, the knowledge gaps created by geographic and compartment biases in research needs to be addressed to identify further research needs, validate models and inform policy.

Significance StatementMeeting global challenges requires regional and local alignment of institutional and business practices. The purpose of our work is to understand, using qualitative systems analysis, how the Sustainable Development Goals can be achieved through local, cross-sectoral solutions. In this chapter, we start by reviewing the status quo of marine and coastal management in Norway and contrast with the United Nations’ expectations for localization of the Sustainable Development Goals. One key finding is that despite vast knowledge on ocean and coastal use and management, Norway has very few examples of actual localization of the Sustainable Development Goals. We present a case study from Andøy Municipality where we use Social-Ecological Systems mapping to spawn awareness and spur local businesses to harness relevant sustainability targets at the local level.

Marine ecosystems all over the globe are facing multiple simultaneous stressors including rapid climatic change and increased resource exploitation, such as fishing, petroleum exploration and shipping. The EU-funded DEVOTES project (DEVelopment Of innovative Tools for understanding marine biodiversity and assessing good Environmental Status) aims to better understand the relationships between pressures from human activities and climatic influences and their effects on marine ecosystems. To achieve these goals, it is necessary among others, to test and validate innovative monitoring tools to improve our understanding of ecosystem and biodiversity changes. This paper outlines the application of a high frequency non-invasive (HFNI) valvometer as a potential tool for long-term marine monitoring and assessments. The principle of the method is based on the regular gaping behaviour (closing and opening of the valves) of bivalve molluscs and the fact that physical or chemical stressors disrupt that gaping reference pattern. Bivalve gaping behaviour is monitored in the natural environment, remotely, continuously over a time period of years, requirements that must be fulfilled if bivalve behaviour is to be a useful biomonitoring tool. Here, we review the literature and highlight potential uses of the HFNI valvometry as a biosensor, to monitor and provide early-warning alerts of changes in water quality, such as global temperature increase, releases of contaminants and toxic algal blooms. Finally, potential relevant applications for monitoring and assessing environmental status of marine waters in the context of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive are identified. Relevant descriptors, Criteria and Indicators of Good Environmental Status that might be monitored using the HFNI valvometer are discussed for monitoring bathing beaches and harbours, petroleum installations and aquaculture sites.

Avalanche accidents are frequently lethal events with an overall mortality of 23%. Mortality increases dramatically to 50% in instances of complete burial. With modern day dense networks of ambulance services and rescue helicopters, health workers often become involved during the early stages of avalanche rescue. Historically, some of the most devastating avalanche accidents have involved military personnel. Armed forces are frequently deployed to mountain regions in order to train for mountain warfare or as part of ongoing conflicts. Furthermore, military units are frequently called to assist civilian organised rescue in avalanche rescue operations. It is therefore important that clinicians associated with units operating in mountain regions have an understanding of, the medical management of avalanche victims, and of the preceding rescue phase. The ensuing review of the available literature aims to describe the pathophysiology particular to avalanche victims and to outline a structured approach to the search, rescue and prehospital medical management.

The paper is devoted to the prospects of development of the focus group method, its specifics, new features and application field. Many years of experience were summarized. Today focus groups are one of the most common methods of sociological and marketing research, especially in foreign companies. Russia is rather suspicious about this method; its application is minimized in Russia in favour of the quantitative studies. The author gives an attempt to figure it out and defines the most effective field of the application of this method in today`s marketing realities. The author uncovers advantages and disadvantages of the focus group method that led to its eventual industrialisation. Negative consequences of this strengthening trend are also described. Focus group specifications are proposed to soften this tendency.