Samara State Medical University

Технологическое предпринимательство в биомедицине является ключевым драйвером трансфера фундаментальных открытий в коммерческие продукты. На мировом уровне данный процесс характеризуется экстремальными рисками, капиталоемкостью и сложной регуляторной средой. В России, несмотря на сильный научный задел и государственную поддержку, сохраняются системные барьеры, требующие формирования целостной инновационной экосистемы.Провести системный обзор основ, образовательных проекций, глобального и российского опыта технологического предпринимательства в сфере медицинских биотехнологий для выработки консолидированных выводов и рекомендаций по развитию отрасли.Для достижения цели был проведен систематический обзорный анализ 34 источников, включая научные статьи, аналитические доклады, стратегические документы и публикации в рецензируемых журналах и профессиональных медиа. Поиск и отбор источников осуществлялся на основе принципов PRISMA, с акцентом на работы за период 2015–2025 гг. Был проведен качественный контент-анализ с категоризацией по ключевым темам: концептуальные основы, интеграция в образование, глобальные тренды и специфика российского рынка.Определены сущность и отличительные черты технологического предпринимательства в биомедицине. Проанализированы современные сетевые модели, стратегии открытых инноваций и роль венчурного финансирования. Выделены мировые тренды (Pharma 4.0) и практики лидеров отрасли (Bayer, AstraZeneca). На основе анализа российских кейсов («Вектор-Бест», «Биокад», «Р-Фарм») выявлены сильные стороны (научный фундамент, госполитика), а также системные вызовы («долина смерти», дефицит частного капитала, фрагментация регулирования).Развитие технологического предпринимательства в России требует комплексного экосистемного подхода, включающего консолидацию усилий государства, стимулирование частных инвестиций, трансформацию образования и активную интеграцию в глобальные сети открытых инноваций для достижения технологического суверенитета.

Introduction. Disinvasion of environmental objects using microwave radiation has recently become increasingly widespread due to the ease of operation and low maintenance costs of the equipment. This indicates to the need to find new methods for assessing their effectiveness. The existing methodology is intended to assess disinvasion after long-lasting exposure to chemical disinfectant solutions and is not intended to assess the effectiveness of disinvasion of a short-term physical factor. We conducted a study during which we developed a new method for assessing the effectiveness of disinvasion when using microwave emitters.Materials and methods. For the study, aqueous suspensions of Enterobius vermicularis and Dibothriocephalus latus (Diphyllobothrium latum) eggs obtained from sexually mature individuals, and aqueous suspensions of Entamoeba coli cysts and Opisthorchis felineus eggs obtained from faeces, were used. After treatment using a microwave installation, the test and control samples were counted and assessed for the viability of helminth eggs and protozoan cysts. For comparison, the efficiency of disinvasion was also calculated using the formula suggested by A.P. Simonov.Results. The effectiveness of disinfection against contact parasitosis Enterobius vermicularis, Entamoeba coli using a microwave installation is 98.68% and 99.86%, respectively, according to the Simonov formula and 99.33% and 100.00%, respectively, according to the new formula. The effectiveness of disinfection in calculations using both formulas is comparable, the interpretation of the results coincides and is interpreted as highly effective.Limitations. Evaluation of disinfection effectiveness by this technique is limited to Enterobius vermicularis, Diphyllobothrium latum, Opisthorchis felineus, Entamoeba coli species and requires testing for other helminths and protozoa.Conclusion. The effectiveness of exposure to microwave radiation for the invasive stages of contact transmission pathogens (Enterobius vermicularis, Entamoeba coli) was 99–100%, this fact opens up prospects for microwave radiation using for the disinfection of transmission factors of these widespread pathogens.Compliance with ethical standards. This study does not require the conclusion of a biomedical ethics committee or other documents.Contribution: Vidmanova M.V. – the concept and design of the study, collection and processing of material, statistical processing, writing a text; Lyamin A.V., Khaliulin A.V. – the concept and design of the study, collection and processing of material; Kaiumov K.A. – processing of material, writing a text, editing; Kozlov A.V. – the concept and design of the study, collection and processing of material; Yatsenko T.V. – the concept and design of the study; Ismatullin D.D. – collection and processing of material. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approve of the manuscript final version.Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.Funding. The study had no sponsorship.Received: February 7, 2025 / Revised: October 6, 2025 / Accepted: December 2, 2025 / Published: March 13, 2026

BACKGROUND: Chest X-ray is the primary modality for screening malignant lung neoplasms, especially solitary pulmonary nodules, which are the most common. Enhancing the accuracy of lung nodule detection facilitates timely medical intervention and enhances the likelihood of achieving a favorable therapeutic outcome. One approach to enhancing the efficiency of lung nodule detection in chest X-rays involves adopting novel techniques, such as those based on artificial intelligence. However, concerns regarding the effectiveness of integrating these technologies into clinical practice remain largely unaddressed due to insufficient data on radiologists' performance metrics. AIM: This study aims to assess the diagnostic performance of 100 radiologists in identifying lung nodules on chest X-ray images. METHODS: Each of 100 radiologist was asked to evaluate 100 chest radiographs, of which 50 contained abnormal findings while the other 50 were normal. The presence of lung nodules was assessed using the following scale: Absent (0 on the probability scale), likely absent (0.25), undecided (0.50), likely present (0.75), present (1.00). The validation of the presence or absence of pulmonary nodules was performed using a binary scale (0/1) by three expert physicians based on chest CT data acquired no more than 14 days after the chest X-ray. The study assessed the image interpretation time, the difference in performance between radiologists and expert physicians (expressed in absolute units as Delta), and the primary diagnostic accuracy metrics of the radiologists. RESULTS: The test yielded a ROC AUC of 0.858±0.059, accuracy of 0.822±0.048, sensitivity of 0.779±0.097, and specificity of 0.864±0.095. The results demonstrated a negligible positive correlation between expert accuracy and average study processing time (Spearman correlation coefficient rs =0.189) and a low positive correlation (rs =0.344) between study processing time and the Delta value. CONCLUSION: The obtained results can be used to assess the quality of automated detection systems under development, as well as to evaluate the efficacy of alternative methods and approaches for pulmonary nodule detection.

Exoprosthetic rehabilitation based on the use of osseointegrated implants is considered the most optimal method of restorative treatment for finger amputations. One of the main factors hindering its further development is the excessive brevity and fragmentation of information in specialized literature concerning the use of osseointegrated implants in exoprosthetics. This ultimately results in a lack of information on this issue among medical professionals and, consequently, in poorer rehabilitation outcomes in patients with finger stumps amputations. A search of publications from the Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI), Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science databases was conducted for the past 10 years. The types and designs of osseointegrated implants for exoprosthetic replacement of lost fingers are presented. Existing technologies for the placement of osseointegrated implants and the functional assessment of exoprosthetic outcomes are reviewed. Potential risks of complications are evaluated. Promising directions for further research and development are highlighted.

SARS-CoV-2 and the resulting COVID-19 disease in healthcare workers can be considered an occupational disease if the infection occurs while performing their job duties. In addition to respiratory damage, SARS-CoV-2 can lead to hematological disorders, nervous system disorders, and the development of autoimmune and rheumatic diseases. This clinical case describes potential serious multisystem pathological manifestations associated with the novel coronavirus infection, including pulmonary fibrosis and polyneuropathy. Reinfection with SARS-CoV-2, followed by hematological disorders and musculoskeletal complications, such as inflammatory arthropathy and aseptic osteonecrosis of the femoral heads, is described. The principles and results of a medical examination conducted to establish a causal relationship between the disease and the healthcare worker's professional activities are presented. The need for a multidisciplinary approach to the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 and its complications, with the mandatory participation of a neurologist and rheumatologist, is emphasized.

This article presents analyzed data from psychological tests performed in a study cohort with occupational dust-related lung diseases. The main changes in psychological status parameters are described. Intergroup comparisons of psychological status parameters are conducted in the study cohort with occupational respiratory diseases.

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) in medical students is caused by extreme academic and professional loads, disturbances of circadian rhythms and chronic stress, leads to somatic and psychosomatic complications. Screening tools (e.g., Chalder Fatigue Scale) are not adapted to medical education because such factors as early professional load and imbalance between study and work are ignored. Objective. To investigate the indicators of chronic fatigue syndrome and develop a specialized questionnaire for comprehensive assessment of its development risks in medical students. Materials and methods. A prospective cohort study with cross-sectional analysis of the data of 203 students (mean age 22 years; 53 men, 150 women) from the 2nd—6th courses of the Samara State Medical University was performed. Inclusion criteria: age 18—25 years, informed voluntary consent. MORI questionnaire (20 items, 4 domains: emotional, cognitive, physical exhaustion; somatic symptoms) was developed. Data were collected anonymously through Yandex Forms. Statistical analysis included the determination of Cronbach’s α (reliability), exploratory factor analysis (construct validity), Pearson correlations and χ² test (association of symptoms with risk of CFS). Results. A clinically significant risk of CFS development has been revealed in 70.9% (n=144) of the students (moderate — 46.3%, high — 24.6%, very high — 1.5%). Key predictors: Workload ≥1.0 rate (OR=2.9; 95% CI 1.7—5.1); Emotional exhaustion (r=0.56, p<0.01); Sleep disturbances (OR=4.8 for high risk; 95% CI 2.9—8.1). Somatic symptoms are associated with CFS severity: drops in blood pressure level (25.1%), frequent acute respiratory viral infections (16.7%), changes in weight (p<0.05). High reliability (α=0.89) of the MORI questionnaire and three-factor structure explaining 45% dispersion have been shown. Conclusion. High prevalence of chronic fatigue syndrome in medical students means the need to implement specialized tools of screening (MORI questionnaire) and comprehensive prevention, including load optimization, sleep schedule correction, psychological support and digital technologies (mobile applications for monitoring).

Background. Immediate prosthetic rehabilitation in patients with periodontitis is challenged by reduced soft-tissue tolerance to pressure and variable gingival vascular response, which together increase the risk of early ischemic compression (blanching), discomfort, and unplanned adjustments. A protocol that combines targeted FDM modification of the pontic profile with a thin-layer silicone film test and a prespecified target thickness of 60–150 μm aims to shift seating from empirical chairside adjustment to a reproducible, quantitatively controlled procedure. Aim: to improve the quality of immediate prosthetic treatment in patients with periodontal disease through the implementation of a protocol for quantitative control of seating. Material and methods. A single-center prospective controlled study was conducted. Two parallel groups (n = 10 each) were formed to compare subjective and operator outcomes (clinician VAS, patient VAS). An independent cohort of 48 patients was analyzed for zonal silicone-film thickness across five standardized zones (mesial, distal, buccal, oral, central). Distributional assumptions were assessed with the Shapiro–Wilk test. Between-group VAS differences were analyzed by the Mann–Whitney test with Hodges–Lehmann median differences and 95% confidence intervals. Inter-zonal differences were tested by the Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn’s post-hoc comparisons and false-discovery control by the Benjamini–Hochberg method. Associations between thickness and VAS were evaluated by Spearman’s rank correlation. The proportion within the 60–150 μm target range was reported with exact binomial 95% confidence intervals. Two-sided p 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Descriptive statistics are reported as medians with interquartile ranges; means with standard deviations are additionally provided where informative. Results. Under quantitative control, both clinician- and patient-reported VAS values were lower than with conventional adjustment: clinician VAS median 6.8 [6.6; 7.1] vs. 9.2 [8.9; 9.3]; patient VAS median 7.3 [5.3; 7.9] vs. 8.8 [8.6; 9.0]. Across 240 zonal measurements, median silicone-film thickness was 80 [60; 100] μm, with 67.5% of observations within the 60–150 μm target. The highest conformity to target values was observed in the buccal zone (95.8%), whereas the distal zone showed the lowest proportion within target (41.7%). Conclusion. Quantitatively controlled soft-tissue compression during immediate prosthetic treatment in periodontitis patients is associated with improved subjective outcomes and a high proportion of seating zones within the predefined thickness target. Integrating FDM modification with a thin-layer silicone test standardizes the procedure, reduces seating variability, and provides conditions for gentle soft-tissue contouring. The protocol is statistically substantiated and operationally reproducible, and it can serve as a practice guideline and as a foundation for multicenter randomized studies.

In recent decades, arterial hypertension (AH) in children has acquired the status of a significant global health problem, with its prevalence steadily increasing. Early detection and accurate diagnosis are crucial, as elevated blood pressure (BP) in childhood is closely linked to the risk of cardiovascular, renal, and neurological complications in adulthood. A significant step forward has been the introduction of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), which allows for identification of white-coat and masked hypertension, as well as more accurate patient stratification. Etiologically, AH in children is divided into primary and secondary forms. The primary form is more often associated with obesity, genetic predisposition, low physical activity and high sodium intake. Secondary form is often caused by kidney, cardiovascular and endocrine disorders. It should be emphasized that hypertension is often asymptomatic in childhood, highlighting the need for regular screening starting at 3 years of age, and even earlier for children at risk. Management is based on a stepwise approach. Non-drug measures are of primary importance — dietary correction, increased physical activity, and normalization of body weight. If these measures are insufficiently effective, pharmacotherapy with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, calcium channel blockers, or thiazide diuretics is prescribed, with individualization of target BP levels depending on age and comorbidities. Given the limited data on the long-term safety of antihypertensive drugs in pediatrics, prevention and early lifestyle modification remain priority areas.