Samaritan Hospital

Chet tili ta’limidagi zamonaviy yondashuvlardan biri hisobangan kommunikativ-kognitiv yo’nalishning paydo bo’lishi, o’rganilayotgan til yuzasidan nafaqat muoqot kompetensiyasini oshirish ko’zda tutilgan, balki o’rganilayotgan til bo’yicha turli madaniy, pragmatik, sotsiolingvistik fon bilimlarni shakllantirish orqali turli kontekstlar o’rinli muloqot olib bora oladigan chet tilida haqiqiy kompetent kadrlar tayyorlash maqsad qilingan. Shunday ekan ushbu maqolada chet tili pedagogikasida kompetensiyalarni shakllantirishda kognitiv bilimlarning ahamiyati borasida fikr yuritiladi.

Access to safe drinking water remains a critical challenge in sub-Saharan Africa. This pilot study conducted a preliminary assessment of the microbiological quality of drinking water sources in Magom, Mbieng, and Yom (Mbouo-Bandjoun, Cameroon). A cross-sectional design was employed in which 50 water samples (44 boreholes and 6 wells) were analyzed for physicochemical and microbiological quality. Microbiological assessment included total viable count (TVC), coliform quantification, and culture-based identification. The findings revealed widespread bacteriological contamination: 92.0% of the samples exhibited high total viable counts (TVC ≥106 colony-forming units [CFU]/mL) and 88.0% were contaminated with coliforms. Biochemical profiling indicated the presumed presence of Escherichia coli in 84% of sources, confirming extensive fecal contamination. While physicochemical parameters were largely within acceptable limits, statistical analysis identified significant risk factors: proximity to latrine pits (<20 m) and acidic/neutral pH for the total coliform presence, and proximity to agricultural plantations for high TVC. Despite the predominance of modern protected boreholes, drinking water sources in Mbouo-Bandjoun are heavily contaminated, posing a serious risk to public health. Urgent interventions, including enforcing protective distances for latrines and improving community sanitation, are needed.

IntroductionBotulinum Toxin A is increasingly used as a preoperative adjunct in the management of complex abdominal wall hernias, particularly in those with wider defects and/or loss of domain. While its anatomical and surgical benefits have been documented, patient-reported outcomes remain underexplored.MethodsAn international, retrospective, observational study was conducted using a structured, anonymised survey available in five languages (German, English, Polish, French, Spanish). The survey included nine closed-ended and one open-ended question assessing pain perception, mobility, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urinary function, and changes in abdominal contour. It was distributed by medical teams and through patient support forums between 2024 and 2025. Patients included had received BTA injections 4–6 weeks prior to elective hernia surgery.ResultsSeventy patients from multiple European centres completed the survey. Pain during injection was minimal in 71.5% of cases, with 85.7% reporting complete resolution of pain within 1–3 days. Most respondents (74.3%) experienced no breathing difficulties and only mild symptoms in 18.6%. Mobility remained unchanged in 80%, while 15.7% noted slight deterioration. Changes in urinary and bowel function were uncommon and mostly transient. Over half of patients reported visible changes in abdominal shape. No severe complications were identified.ConclusionThis international patient survey suggests that BTA injections as preoperative preparation for complex hernias is well tolerated, with limited perceived side effects and functional disruption. These findings support its continued use and prompts further prospective data collection.

Background: The prime goal and challenge in combating fistula-in-ano is to achieve complete tract closure while preserving continence. Surgical techniques vary based on fistula complexity and surgeon expertise, with conventional methods like fistulotomy and fistulectomy posing a risk of incontinence, particularly in high trans-sphincteric cases. Low trans-sphincteric fistulas are generally amenable to fistulotomy, whereas SETON placement has long served as a drainage-focused, sphincter-sparing alternative. This technique facilitates abscess resolution and promotes tract healing through controlled inflammation. Result: In this study, we encountered 30 patients with fistula-in-ano who were treated with draining seton, the mean age was 41.5 ± 12.2 years, with a male predominance (83.3%). The majority of patients (76.7%) achieved complete healing, while 23.3% showed no improvement. Postoperative complications were minimal, with 9.9% experiencing pain, 3.3% reporting bleeding, and 3.3% developing incontinence, indicating draining seton as a highly effective and well-tolerated treatment option. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that draining seton achieved favourable outcomes in the treatment of fistula-in-ano, with the majority of patients experiencing complete healing. The overall complication rate remained low, with minimal occurrences of pain, bleeding, and incontinence. These findings position draining seton as a highly effective and well-tolerated therapeutic approach for fistula-in-ano. J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll 2024; 16(1): 58-63

To develop consensus-based guidance for bone health optimization in instrumented spine surgery, specifically addressing the limited guidance available in the Thai context. The study utilized a modified Delphi technique, engaging 10 orthopedic surgeons from Thailand with expertise in complex spine surgery and osteoporosis management. A targeted literature review was conducted, followed by 2 online surveys and a face-to-face consensus meeting to develop and refine the statements. Twenty-five main statements and 45 substatements that focused on patient evaluation, assessment tools, and risk stratification were drafted for the panel's deliberation. There was unanimous agreement on the necessity of evaluating bone health before instrumented spine surgery in patients aged ≥60 years, while evaluation was considered optional for those aged 50 to 59 years. The panelists supported using the fracture risk assessment tool score for clinical evaluation and recommended using several assessment tools, including dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scans for specific age groups, Computed Tomography Hounsfield Unit, Trabecular Bone Score, and vertebral fracture assessment for bone health evaluation if available. Treatment recommendations included bone-forming agents as the first-line therapy for patients at high risk and very high risk and specialized surgical techniques for patients at very high risk. Surgical delay of at least 3 months should also be considered for patients at very high risk/with severe osteoporosis who have been scheduled for instrumented spine surgery. This guidance includes patient screening, evaluation, and treatment for patients with poor bone health based on risk stratification, including normal/low risk, osteopenia/intermediate risk, osteoporosis/high risk, and severe osteoporosis/very high risk. Spine surgeons should be aware of poor bone health and consider bone health optimization to improve surgical outcomes and prevent osteoporosis-related complications. Bone health optimization is crucial for instrumented spine surgery. Spine surgeons should consider bone health optimization guidance, including patient screening for poor bone health, assessment tools for evaluating bone health, and treatment for patients with poor bone health, to improve surgical results and minimize poor bone health-related complications.

Idiopathic facial aseptic granuloma (IFAG), an exclusive pediatric dermatosis, is typically characterized by one or more asymptomatic erythematous nodules on the face. While its etiology remains elusive, there are suggestions that it could be a manifestation of childhood rosacea. This case report sheds light on a five-year-old male with an erythematous nodule on the right nasolabial fold, conclusively diagnosed as IFAG through histopathological examination. A detailed overview of the clinical approach, treatment, and outcome is presented, contributing valuable insights to the sparse literature on this rare condition.

Foreign body inhalation (FBI) is a potentially life-threatening emergency, particularly in children, and is associated with significant morbidity if diagnosis and management are delayed. Objective: To evaluate the clinical presentation, diagnostic findings, management, and outcomes of foreign body inhalation among children presenting to a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Paediatric Medicine, Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi, from January 2025 to April 2025. A total of 103 children aged 3–12 years with suspected foreign body inhalation were enrolled using non-probability consecutive sampling. Clinical features, radiological findings, bronchoscopic outcomes, and follow-up results were recorded on a standardized pro forma. Results: The mean age of patients was 6.1 ± 2.3 years, with the majority aged 3–6 years (56.3%). Male predominance was noted (59.2%). The most common presenting symptoms were coughing (79.6%), wheezing (65.0%), and choking (53.4%). Chest X-ray abnormalities were detected in 69.9% of cases, and rigid bronchoscopy confirmed foreign bodies in 93.2% of these cases. The right main bronchus was the most frequent site of impaction (45.6%). Organic foreign bodies, predominantly peanuts and seeds, accounted for 68.9% of cases. Bronchoscopic removal was successful in 91.3% of cases on the first attempt, while repeat procedures were required in 8.7% of cases. Complications included post-bronchoscopy pneumonia (11.7%) and atelectasis (7.8%). Conclusion: Foreign body inhalation is most common among younger children, with organic materials being the predominant cause. Timely diagnosis and prompt bronchoscopy result in excellent outcomes with minimal complications.

Objective: To determine, frequency, risk factors of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality in women with placenta previa in un-scared pregnant women. Methodology: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit-I at Liaquat University Hospital, Hyderabad, from June 16, 2021, to January 16, 2022. It included unscarred pregnant women with placenta previa beyond 24 weeks of gestation, with singleton pregnancies, and those presenting with antepartum hemorrhage due to placenta previa who were willing to participate. Data were collected on maternal factors such as age, gestational age, parity, clinical features, obstetric history, timing of placenta previa diagnosis, duration of hospital stay, need for blood transfusion, mode of delivery, and any surgical interventions required to control bleeding. Neonatal outcomes were also recorded, including gestational age at birth, birth weight, APGAR scores, stillbirths, NICU admissions, and neonatal mortality. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version-26. Results: Mean maternal age was 31.34 years and mean gestational age of 34.11 weeks. Maternal outcomes revealed 54.7% postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), 41.1% needed hemostatic sutures, and 27.4% required uterine packing or tamponade. Hysterectomy was performed in 13.7% of women, and most women received multiple blood transfusions. Only 2.1% needed ICU care, and one maternal death was reported. Fetal outcomes showed, 24.2% preterm births, 82.1% resulted in low birth weight, and 52.6% of neonates had birth asphyxia. Stillbirths were 6.3%, and 47.4% of newborns required NICU admission. Neonatal mortality during hospitalization was 46.3%. Conclusion: Placenta was observed to be the major cause of adverse fetal and maternal outcome. Previous uterine curettage history, uterine anomalies, and artificial conception were observed to be the causative risk factors.