Santa Rosa Junior College

We implemented two reforms to student teaching in randomized controlled trials designed to test improvements to preservice preparation. Although neither reform affected overall teacher employment, we find significant effects on other labor market outcomes. The first-placed student teachers are planned with more effective mentors and in more effective schools for their clinical experiences. We find that treated candidates tended to find employment in higher-income and less diverse schools, an effect that appears to operate primarily among teachers not hired into their placement sites. The second intervention provided detailed reports to teacher candidates, their field instructors, and their school-based mentor teachers about performance on clinical evaluations during the clinical experience. Treated candidates in this experiment were more likely to obtain teaching positions in the schools in which they completed their student teaching. Overall, the results suggest that student teaching reforms may have important and unexpected effects on the teacher labor market.

We discuss the unified gravi-strong (UGS) model for 3-quark bound states based on Yang–Mills gravity and a new confining quarkdynamics, both of which are formulated using space–time translation ([Formula: see text]) gauge symmetry. The model postulates that the properties of a baryon can be obtained by treating it as two quarks forming an S-like quantum state in a linear potential generated by the third quark at the core of the baryon, and the third (core) quark in a quadratic potential generated by the first two quarks. The mass of the baryon is simply the sum of the energies of the three quarks, which can be obtained analytically from the Dirac Hamiltonians. The UGS model includes just three unknown constants in the quark potentials, two of which seem to be related to the isospin of the core quark, and one that depends on the baryon sub-spectrum. It can predict the masses of over 120 baryons to within roughly 20% of their experimentally measured or expected values, including a value of 0.6 MeV for the difference between the neutron and proton masses. The interquark interactions of the UGS model also provide a natural explanation for why the experimentally measured mass of a baryon is so much larger than the total inferred masses of the quarks that form it. In addition, the structure of two quarks forming an S-like quantum state around a third core quark suggests a possible solution to the ‘proton spin crisis’. We suggest an experimental test of the proposed core structure of a proton using deep inelastic muon–proton scattering at high energies.

The Necropolis of Ancón, Peru represents one of the largest pre-Colombian cemeteries in the Andes, with thousands of burials spanning the Middle Horizon to the Late Horizon. According to traditional interpretations, Ancón housed both a permanent settlement and cemetery – perhaps even serving as a Wari outpost – during the Middle Horizon. A reexamination of published data from Ancón, however, suggests that this narrative is flawed. Instead, the site most likely functioned primarily – if not exclusively – as a cemetery during the Middle Horizon and Wari material culture was scant, at best.

ABSTRACTThe central components of the ABA core signaling pathway are families of receptors, clade A type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs), SNF1-Related Protein Kinases (SnRK2s), and diverse sets of proteins regulated by phosphorylation via these kinases, including bZIP transcription factors such as ABA-INSENSITIVE(ABI)5. The larger network of ABA signaling factors includes additional kinases and E3 ligases that modify these components to affect their activity and stability. The ABI5-Binding Proteins (AFPs) are negative regulators of ABA response. This study shows that the AFPs interact with specific family members of all components of this pathway and are substrates for SnRK2s and PP2Cs. AFPs also interact with subsets of MAP kinases (MPKs) and 14-3-3 proteins previously found to regulate activity of the ABI5-related clade of transcription factors. Residues predicted to be phosphorylated are conserved between AFPs, but are located within regions predicted to be unstructured. ABA promotes phosphorylation of AFP2, but conditions that prevent phosphorylation of AFP2 result in decreased stability, a shift in localization toward dispersed foci, and reduced effectiveness for inhibiting ABA response at germination. Thus, AFP2 appears to be an important hub in the ABA core signaling pathway.

Quantitative methodology and the field of measurement have racist, sexist, and eugenicist histories. These histories have led many to abandon quantitative methods, believing that achieving equity is not possible with methods developed to propagate oppression. However, more critical and emerging scholarship has begun to articulate a Critical Quantitative (CQ) perspective. This paper aims to move beyond the critique of quantitative methods and to consolidate this emerging CQ literature, by articulating specific applications and enactments of a CQ framework. To do so, this paper articulates five guiding principles (i.e., foundation, goals, parity, subjectivity, and self-reflexivity) and details how CQ can address racism and inequity. We then use two examples to illustrate how CQ researchers can use MIMIC models to identify and mitigate racist uses of measurements. Finally, we note that while CQ can help scholars identify and mitigate how racism permeates measurement, this is not the same as directly intervening on the interlocking systems of inequality that perpetuate racism, anti-Blackness, and other forms of oppression that constrain humanity and opportunity.

The growing popularity of aesthetic procedures involving fillers, biostimulators, and neurotoxins has prompted concerns about patient safety. To address these concerns, a global Safety Task Force (STF) was formed. The inaugural STF meeting prioritized vascular compromise prevention and management, guiding clinical trial design and materials for future meetings, and collecting data from experts on current safety methods. The STF was formed and consisted of 16 experts from nine different countries, with each possessing distinct expertise in various fields related to aesthetic injectables. Current safety data, protocols, knowledge gaps and future research priorities were discussed and voted upon. The establishment of a global database for tracking filler-related AEs was favored by 93% of participants. Discussions revolved around the database's scope, data standardization, and whether non-medical contributors should be included. Aspiration as a safety technique garnered support from 73% of participants. Approximately 43% of participants incorporate ultrasound in their injections, with divergent opinions on its impact and potential when used as a standard of practice versus in AE management. Most physicians on the task force incorporated cannula use for some of their injections (93%). There were varying perspectives on treatments for vascular adverse events (VAE), the primary causes, and the adoption of new protocols in the field. The STF meeting underscored the need for a coordinated effort to address complications related to HA fillers, including VAE management and hyaluronidase protocols. Reliable treatment endpoints were evaluated, but improved measurement methods are needed. Future meetings will focus on addressing delayed complications, furthering safety in this field.

In this article, spacetime is modeled as a quantum mechanical sonic medium consisting of Planck length oscillations at Planck frequency. Planck length-time oscillations give spacetime its physical constants of c, G and ħ. Oscillating spacetime is proposed to be the single universal field that generates and unifies everything in the universe. The 17 fields of quantum field theory are modeled as lower frequency resonances of oscillating spacetime. A model of an electron is proposed to be a rotating soliton wave in this medium. An electron appears to have wave-particle duality even though it is fundamentally a quantized wave. This soliton wave can momentarily be smaller than a proton in a high energy collision or can have a relatively large volume of an atom’s orbital wave function. Finding an electron causes it to undergo a superluminal collapse to a smaller wave size. This gives an electron its particle-like properties when detected. The proposed wave-based electron model is tested and shown to have an electron’s approximate energy, de Broglie wave properties and undetectable volume. Most important, this electron model is shown to also generate an electron’s electrostatic and gravitational forces. The gravitational properties are derived from the nonlinearity of this medium. When an electron’s gravitational and electrostatic forces are modeled as distortions of soliton waves, the equations become very simple, and a clear connection emerges between these forces. For example, the gravitational force between two Planck masses equals the electrostatic force between two Planck charges. Both force magnitudes equal ħc/r2.

Abstract Technology-mediated simulations of teaching are used increasingly to represent practice in the context of professional development interventions and assessment. Some such simulations represent students as cartoon characters. An important question in this context is whether simplified cartoon representations of students can convey similar meanings as real facial expressions do. Here, we share results from an implementation and replication study designed to observe whether and how (1) cartoon-based representations of emotion using graphical facial expressions can be interpreted at similar levels of accuracy as photo representations of emotions using actors and (2) the inclusion of markers of student emotions in storyboard-based scenarios of secondary mathematics teaching affects teachers’ appropriateness rating of the actions taken by a teacher represented in the storyboard. We show graphical representations of emotions can evoke particular intended emotions and that markers of student emotions in representations of practice could cue mathematics teachers into particular judgments of action. The Impact Sheet to this article can be accessed at 10.6084/m9.figshare.24219964