Sciences Po Toulouse

« La demande pour la justice doit être formulée pour que la justice soit délivrée »2 : tel est le mode d’ordre des stratégies de plaidoyer déployées au sein des procès climatiques dits de troisième vague3. En effet, afin de légitimer l’engagement d’un mouvement de responsabilisation climatique des acteurs étatiques comme infra-étatiques devant le prétoire, il

Despite global efforts to harmonize international trade statistics, our understanding of digital trade and its implications remains limited. Here, we introduce a method to estimate bilateral exports and imports for dozens of sectors starting from the corporate revenue data of large digital firms. This method allows us to provide estimates for digitally ordered and delivered trade involving digital goods (e.g. video games), productized services (e.g. digital advertising), and digital intermediation fees (e.g. hotel rental), which together we call digital products. We use these estimates to study five key aspects of digital trade. We find that, compared to trade in physical goods, digital product exports are more spatially concentrated, have been growing faster, and can offset trade balance estimates, like the United States trade deficit on physical goods. We also find that countries that have decoupled economic growth from greenhouse gas emissions tend to have larger digital exports and that digital products exports contribute positively to the complexity of economies. This method, dataset, and findings provide a new lens to understand the impact of international trade in digital products.

La « crise écologique » bouleverserait nos comportements reproductifs. Alertés par l’insoutenabilité d’un excès démographique supposé ou inquiets d’un futur qu’on annonce apocalyptique, de plus en plus d’individus choisiraient de renoncer à la procréation et s’interdiraient, par souci éthique, d’avoir des enfants. À partir d’une enquête récente auprès d’une jeune génération de « childfree », nous montrons que la question environnementale traverse effectivement certains choix d’agencement familial. Mais les entretiens indiquent aussi que l’écologie apparaît comme un argument éthique secondaire, légitimant – voire anoblissant – le souhait préalable d’une vie sans enfants. En donnant à entendre les arguments de ceux, et surtout celles, qui choisissent de ne pas avoir d’enfants pour préserver l’environnement, l’article montre que leur souci, moins qu’une tendance partagée, s’inscrit en réalité dans un contexte singulier où la volonté de ne pas procréer reste entachée d’un stigmate puissant, appelant à des stratégies de justification et d’évitement.

"The neo-liberal era and its NPM-driven reforms being over, our polities confronted with terrible poly- crises and great transitions to handle, rediscover the importance of robust Neo-Weberian States and public administrations. Public employers are thus in great need of attracting the young talented people from the Z and Alpha Generations to join the Public Service. Alas, the public sector’s attractiveness in the eyes of youngsters has dropped in almost all European countries, for many reasons that are diagnosed in the article’s first section. This tricky situation calls for the setting up of a new, proactive public policy of attractiveness, whose target group, the undecided young people whose education does not predestine them to the public or the private sector, is identified in the next section. Then, a plea in favor of activating four pertinent levers of intrinsic motivation amongst these youngsters is presented in detail. The article concludes on the likely contribution of such an attractive policy to the overall objective of reconnecting (young) people with the State and the public institutions — a great need for our post-modern democracies."

ABSTRACT This article examines the possibilities of implementing race- and gender-separated organisational models within institutional participatory mechanisms in the light of the concept of discretion. Based on an investigation carried out within a participatory mechanism in a French working-class neighbourhood, the text shows how discretion allows the existence of a homogeneous public in terms of gender and race, despite the French colourblind political context marked by the valorisation of the norm of ‘social mix’. The article highlights the effects of this discreet non-mixed organisation both in terms of individual empowerment processes for the participants and in terms of the acknowledgment of this group as a legitimate audience by local institutions.