Scientific Methods (United States)

The development of cost-effective and efficient photoanodes is essential for advancing photoelectrochemical oxygen evolution reaction (PEC-OER) technology. Herein, we report the successful fabrication of Ni2Fe layered double hydroxides (Ni2Fe-LDHs)@WO3 composite photoanodes via a combined approach of ultrasonication-assisted exfoliation and electrostatic self-assembly techniques. The composite was constructed from WO3 nanosheets derived from WO2Cl2 dissociation and Ni2Fe-LDHs nanosheets obtained through exfoliation of bulk Ni2Fe-LDH. Detailed characterization revealed a densely packed, scale-like morphology and strong electronic coupling within the fabricated heterostructured material, facilitating enhanced photon harvesting, optimized charge transport, and accelerated reaction kinetics. Electrochemical tests demonstrated that the composite exhibited a remarkable photocurrent density of 3.62 mA cm–2 at 1.23 V vs RHE, nearly seven times higher than that of pristine WO3. Mechanistic analyses highlighted that the introduction of Ni2Fe-LDHs created a favorable built-in electric field and promoted the formation of high-valence Ni species, significantly enhancing the PEC-OER performance. This study provides a novel strategy for developing advanced solar-driven water splitting materials.

Carotenoids are naturally occurring plant pigments and play important roles in human health. Low stability and availability of carotenoid standards remain key challenges to the accurate quantification of carotenoids in foods. In this study, a quantification method using relative response factors (RRFs) in HPLC-PDA was developed and validated for the quantitation of carotenoids in plant foods. Authentic standards of 10 carotenoids commonly found in plant-based foods were obtained commercially. The RRF of each individual standard was generated against β-carotene. Method validation was conducted to assess specificity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, linearity and working range, precision, and accuracy. In addition, quantifications of carotenoids in selected food samples by HPLC using RRF and individual standards were conducted and compared. Method validation results suggested that the method is reliable and reproducible. Quantifications of carotenoids in five different leafy green vegetables using RRFs yielded results comparable to and consistent with those using individual standards. The quantification method using RRF provides an accurate, consistent, and cost-effective approach for quantifying major carotenoids in plant foods.

Moral and ethical education of schoolchildren is one of the key objectives of the modern educational system. In the era of digitalisation, globalisation, and rapid social transformations, the formation of stable moral guidelines among the younger generation becomes an especially pressing issue. The school, alongside the family, plays a decisive role in shaping the child’s personality, value system, and moral principles. However, under conditions of a crisis in family upbringing, it is precisely educational institutions that become the principal environment where a child may acquire moral guidelines and experience of positive interaction. Therefore, the search for effective solutions to the problems of moral and ethical education gains particular importance. The novelty of the study lies in presenting a comprehensive review of the challenges of contemporary moral and ethical education and possible solutions. The subject of the study is the problems of modern moral and ethical education exemplified by Russian society. The object of the study is representatives of the new generation of school-age society. The study aims to actualise the problem of contemporary moral and ethical education of children and adolescents in the society of the twenty-first century. In the course of the study, both general scientific methods, such as analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, the comparative method, and the systemic approach, as well as selected psychological and pedagogical methods were employed. The author presents an analysis of the genesis of the issue of contemporary moral and ethical education, a comprehensive review of the problems of moral and ethical upbringing of the younger generation in modern society, and situational examples from social practice that clearly illustrate certain evident problems in the moral and ethical education of school-age children and adolescents, along with the development of updated pathways towards resolving this issue. The author concludes that addressing the problems of moral and ethical education is not merely a pedagogical, but a national task, upon the success of which the future of society depends. Sustainable development is possible only if society is able to foster a generation capable not only of successfully adapting to the challenges of modernity but also of maintaining fidelity to moral ideals, which constitute the foundation of a strong, cohesive, and sustainable society.

Modern challenges and speed of information exchange for decision-making require new tools capable of storing and processing large amounts of data. The paper describes the principles, relevance and foundations of the expert-analytical platform MyGeoMap. The platform is designed to optimize and solve a wide range of scientific and practical problems. When creating the platform, we used the experience and knowledge accumulated by the Petroleum Geology Department, Geological Faculty of the Lomonosov Moscow State University. The platform allows to solve the following problems: promptly obtain information about oil and gas facilities anywhere in the world, search for analog deposits, use the platform as a corporate database and / or analytics tool, and much more. To date, the platform has collected more than a million geological, geophysical, industrial, environmental and other objects with georeferencing and attribute information. All data is collected from various open sources and integrated into a single digital environment. Data verification is carried out by qualified employees of the Institute for Advanced Oil and Gas Research of Moscow State University. The platform has its own intellectual developments, including the use of artificial intelligence tools for analytics and building predictive models. Platform users represent a specialized expert community whose potential has yet to be revealed. The MyGeoMap platform is a unique project that already today solves a number of interesting and important problems not only for the search and exploration of oil and gas fields, but also for other areas of economic development where geology plays a key role.

Properly colored cycles are closely related to directed cycles in directed graphs, and play an important role in molecular biology, transportation and communication, social sciences and other fields. In this thesis, we study the existence of properly colored cycles in edge-colored graphs and related cyclic properties, like the existence of properly colored cycles, cycle-factors and properly colored cycles of different or all lengths. The main results are as following.<br/><br/>We study the existence of short properly colored cycles in edge-colored complete graphs and edge-colored bipartite graphs. We give a sufficient condition for the existence of properly colored 4-cycles and characterize the extremal graphs. We also characterize the extremal graphs for several known results on the existence of properly colored triangles. Then we give sufficient conditions guaranteeing that every vertex is contained in a properly colored triangle and 4-cycle, respectively. Moreover, we obtain a sufficient condition for the existence of properly colored cycles of length at most 6 in edge-colored bipartite graphs.<br/><br/>By characterizing edge-colored complete graphs containing no PC odd cycles, we give an efficient algorithm for deciding the existence of PC odd cycles in an edge-colored complete graph. Moreover, we give an equivalent characterization of the existence of properly colored cycles of length k modulo m in edge-colored complete graphs.<br/><br/>We obtain sufficient conditions for the existence of k (vertex-disjoint) properly colored cycles of different lengths in edge-colored complete graphs.<br/><br/>We obtain a sufficient condition for the existence of properly colored cycle-factors in edge-colored bipartite graphs. Our result is a generalization of Lo's result on properly colored cycle-factors in edge-colored graphs in [SIAM J. Discrete Math. 28 (2014) 18--36].<br/><br/>We obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for edge-colored complete bipartite graphs containing no monochromatic paths of length three to be PC even vertex-pancyclic. Our result is a generalization of a result of Häggkvist and Manoussakis on bipartite tournaments in [Combinatorica 9 (1989) 33–38].

When compared to the much more common voltage-source inverter (VSI), the current-source inverter (CSI) is rarely used for variable speed drive applications, due to its disadvantages: the need of a constant DC-link current, typically realized with a front-end converter, and the need for reverse-voltage blocking (RVB) devices, typically implemented with in-series diodes. This limits the overall efficiency of the architecture. This paper investigates latest progress of the CSI research, with the aim of demonstrating why CSI could come back in the near future. Different architectures based on modern wide-bandgap (WBG) switches are analyzed, with an emphasis on why CSI can be advantageous compared to VSI.

BSA) measured by PREPI questionnaire -PREPI: Single question in which the patient estimates how many palms of the hand are needed to cover psoriasis patches on the body -A palm of the patient's hand is ~ 1% BSA ■ Psoriatic arthritis diagnosis is self-reported

Chemical modifications to DNA, histones and RNA make changes happen. Scientists are exploring ways to track these modifications and how they interact.

&lt;p&gt;Figure S1. Copy number changes in PTEN region. Figure S2. Analysis of TP53 Aberrations. Figure S3. Allelic imbalance analysis. Figure S4. Example of HOXA9 immunohistochemistry and digital analysis output images. Figure S5. Gene expression analysis of genes within the 3 regions of copy number loss in CAS.&lt;/p&gt;