Scotch Whisky Research Institute

Results from the Juno investigation of Jupiter have challenged our understanding of Jupiter origin and evolution. As the archetype of giant planets, the study of Jupiter provides knowledge needed to understand the origin of our own solar system and the planetary systems being discovered around other stars. Jupiter uniquely informs us about the origin of our own planetary system. The mass of Jupiter’s heavy element core and the abundance of heavy elements in the atmosphere discriminate among models for giant planet formation. Measurements by Juno of Jupiter’s gravity field suggest Jupiter’s core is diffuse, extended and contains compositional gradients. These new results require new models of Jupiter’s formation and evolution. The gravity science results on the measurement of J4 coupled to current estimates on the hydrogen and helium equation of state suggests Jupiter’s interior composition has low metallicity, potentially solar or even sub-solar. This is inconsistent with measurements of the atmosphere by both Juno and the Galileo probe which indicate the atmospheric composition is of higher metallicity (2-4x solar).The combined results from Juno provide new constraints on theories of Jupiter’s formation and evolution and giant planets in general. A summary of Juno’s results relevant to Jupiter’s formation and evolution will be presented along with a discussion of theoretical implications on Jupiter, and giant planets both within our solar system and beyond.

Rising global temperatures and altered rainfall patterns are increasing the risk of wildfires that pose viticultural challenges due to grape contamination by smoke containing volatile phenols (VPs). VPs permeate grape pericarp, producing an unpalatable "smoke taint" in resulting wines. Tainted wines from three varieties (Sauvignon Blanc, Shiraz, and Pinot Noir) were double distilled and the spirit matured using two different oak treatments. Chemical analysis by GC-MS, hedonic evaluation, and sensory profiling by rate-all-that-apply were undertaken. The "heart" fractions from double distillation had low levels of VPs, and matured spirit typically showed a greater oak influence in contrast to wildfire derived VPs. Sensory analysis confirmed that double distillation decreased the aroma impact of smoke derived VPs and encouragingly, preference was subsequently improved by oak maturation of the produced spirit. Consumers are likely to accept oaked brandies produced from smoke tainted wine, thereby providing a viable commercial use of wildfire affected grapes.

Methanol is a toxic alcohol contained in alcoholic beverages as a natural byproduct of fermentation or added intentionally to counterfeits to increase profit. To ensure consumer safety, many countries and the EU have established strict legislation limits for methanol content. Methanol concentration is mostly detected by laboratory instrumentation since mobile devices for routine on-site testing of beverages in distilleries, at border stations or even at home are not available. Here, we validated a handheld methanol detector for beverage analysis in an ISO 5725 interlaboratory trial: A total of 119 measurements were performed by 17 independent participants (distilleries, universities, authorities, and competence centers) from six countries on samples with relevant methanol (0.1, 1.5 vol%). The detector was based on a microporous separation filter and a nanostructured gas sensor allowing on-site measurement of methanol down to 0.01 vol% (in the liquid) within only 2 min by laymen. The detector showed excellent repeatability (<5.4%), reproducibility (<9.5%) and small bias (<0.012 vol%). Additional measurements on various methanol-spiked alcoholic beverages (whisky, rum, gin, vodka, tequila, port, sherry, liqueur) indicated that the detector is not interfered by environmental temperature and spirit composition, featuring excellent linearity (Pearson’s R²>0.99) down to methanol concentrations of 0.01 vol%. This device has been recently commercialized (Alivion Spark M-20) with comparable accuracy to the gold-standard gas chromatography and can be readily applied for final product inspection, intake control of raw materials or to identify toxic counterfeit products.

Whitepaper #192 in the Decadal Survey for Solar and Space Physics (Heliophysics) 2024-2033. Main topics: basic research; infrastructure/workforce/other programmatic. Additional topics: ground-based missions/projects; state of the profession; laboratory space plasma physics; […]

Whitepaper #138 in the Decadal Survey for Solar and Space Physics (Heliophysics) 2024-2033. Main topics: basic research; infrastructure/workforce/other programmatic. Additional topics: solar physics; state of the profession; space-based missions/projects; inner heliosphere; […]

On June 7th, 2021 the Juno spacecraft visited Ganymede and provided the first in situ observations since Galileo’s last flyby in 2000. The measurements obtained along a one-dimensional trajectory can be brought into global context with the help of three-dimensional magnetospheric models. Here we apply the magnetohydrodynamic model of Duling et al. (2014) to conditions during the Juno flyby. In addition to the global distribution of plasma variables we provide mapping of Juno’s position along magnetic field lines, Juno’s distance from closed field lines and detailed information about the magnetic field’s topology. We find that Juno did not enter the closed field line region and that the boundary between open and closed field lines on the surface matches the poleward edges of the observed auroral ovals. To estimate the sensitivity of the model results, we carry out a parameter study with different upstream plasma conditions and other model parameters.

Earth and Space Science Open Archive This work has been accepted for publication in Journal of Geophysical Research - Planets. Version of RecordESSOAr is a venue for early communication or feedback before peer review. Data may be preliminary. Learn more about preprints. preprintOpen AccessYou are viewing the latest version by default [v1]Local Time Dependence of Jupiter's Polar Auroral Emissions Observed by Juno UVSAuthorsThomas K.GreathouseiDRandyGladstoneiDMaarten H.VersteegVincentHueJoshuaKammerRohini SGilesiDMichael W.DavisScott JBoltonSteven M.LevinJohn E. P.ConnerneyJean-Claude M.C.GérardiDDenisGrodentBertrandBonfondiDEmmaBunceiDMarissa F.VogtiDSee all authors Thomas K. GreathouseiDCorresponding Author• Submitting AuthorSouthwest Research InstituteiDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6613-5731view email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressRandy GladstoneiDSouthwest Research InstituteiDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0060-072Xview email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressMaarten H. VersteegSouthwest Research Instituteview email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressVincent HueSouthwest Research Instituteview email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressJoshua KammerSWRIview email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressRohini S GilesiDSouthwest Research InstituteiDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7665-6562view email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressMichael W. DavisSouthwest Research Instituteview email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressScott J BoltonSouthwest Research Instituteview email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressSteven M. LevinJet Propulsion Laboratoryview email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressJohn E. P. ConnerneyNASA Goddard Space Flight Centerview email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressJean-Claude M.C. GérardiDUniversité de LiègeiDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8565-8746view email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressDenis GrodentUniversité de Liègeview email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressBertrand BonfondiDUniversité de LiègeiDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2514-0187view email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressEmma BunceiDUniversity of LeicesteriDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9456-0345view email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressMarissa F. VogtiDBoston UniversityiDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4885-8615view email addressThe email was not providedcopy email address

Mid-infrared imaging and spectroscopy provides a powerful diagnostic of the atmospheric conditions on the giant planets of our Solar System, from their churning tropospheric cloud decks to their seasonally-changing stratospheres. Mid-infrared studies have revealed long-term cycles of atmospheric variability; eruptions of powerful convective storms; changes within long-lived vortices; and can even diagnose the aftermath of comet/asteroid strikes. Observations in the N and Q bands provide our only unique measurements of atmospheric temperature, composition, and cloud opacity, and yet all current (Juno) and future (JUICE) robotic missions to Jupiter lack this crucial capability. Ground-based observations (from ESO, Subaru, Gemini, and NASA's IRTF) therefore play a vital supporting role in observing these four worlds, and can even provide new discoveries at distant Uranus and Neptune, despite atmospheric temperatures approaching 50 K, and angular sizes of 2-4". Continued imaging and spectroscopy capabilities in the N and Q bands, over a 1-arcmin field of view, is vital for the continued exploration of these giant planets.

ABSTRACT The current research focused on the isolation of a yeast strain possessing an enzyme complex for use in baking high quality, high cassava-wheat composite bread. Yeast isolates were obtained from soil, fruit and wine samples and screened for the ability to synthesize lipase, cellulase, xylanase, pectinase, amylase and protease. Enzyme cocktails from four selected isolates were used for baking 50/50% cassava/wheat composite bread. Quality assessment was based on the baked product that gave the highest specific volume and acceptability rating when compared to 100% wheat bread. Enzyme cocktail from isolate C18, identified as Yarrowia phangngaensis XB3 gave the best results. This strain grew well at 24ºC and was able to ferment glucose, maltose, and galactose. Fatty acid methyl ester analysis showed that oleic acid was most abundant in its cell wall. Y. phangngaensis XB3 has the potential to serve as an enzyme source in cassava composite bread technology.

Whitepaper #224 submitted to the Planetary Science and Astrobiology Decadal Survey 2023-2032. Topics: giant planets systems; habitability and water; solar system formation, dynamics processes, and chronology