Seva Mandir

Abstract The self-assembly behavior of Gemini surfactants i.e. alkanediyl-α,α-bis(hydroxyethylmethylhexadecylammonium bromide) (16-s-16 MEA, 2Br − ; s = 4 and 6) was investigated in pure water and in water–organic mixtures (10 and 20 % v/v) of acetonitrile (ACN), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and dimethylformamide (DMF) by conducticty and surface tension method at 300–320 K. The critical micelle concentration (CMC), degree of micellar ionization ( α ), surface excess concentration ( Γ max ), minimum molecular area at the interface (A min ), surface pressure at the CMC ( π CMC ), and thermodynamic parameters i.e. standard Gibbs free energies of micellization ( ΔG ° m ), Gibbs free energy of adsorption ( ΔG ° ads ), Gibbs free energy of transfer ( ΔG ° trans ), standard Gibbs free energy of micellization per mole of surfactant monomer ( ΔG ° tail ), enthalpy ( ΔH ° m ), and entropy ( ΔS ° m ), of micellization of the Gemini surfactant have also been determined. The CMC value increases with increasing spacer of Gemini surfactant (16-4-16, MEA 2Br − < 16-6-16, MEA 2Br − ), volume percentage of solvents and temperatures. Acetonitrile shows the higher CMC values as compare to other solvents. The surface excess concentration value increases with inceasing volume perentage of solvents. The negative free energy of adsorption shows a greater propensity for adsorption at the air-solution interface than for micellization.

Abstract This paper offers a comprehensive analysis of the RSA public key cryptosystem, focusingon its security and efficiency. The size of the key used determines how the RSA algorithmis evaluated. In this study, a Python implementation of the RSA algorithm with varying key sizes is presented, and the performance in terms of key generation, encryption, anddecryption time is examined. Tables and graphical representations are used to display theresults.The processes of encryption, decoding, key creation, and mathematical principles are covered. System specs are used to compare various RSA keys. Various key sizes andpre-made graphs for encryption time, decryption time, and security strength are used to assess performance. The use of common cryptographic libraries for Python imple-mentation is also covered.In order to create a more secure RSA algorithm, this researchstudy attempts to modify the RSA algorithm.RSA cryptosystem algorithm is widely usedcryptographic algorithm in network security but it has problem of integer’s factorisation for small numbers. This study presents and compares a number of RSA cryptosystemimprovements that aim to increase security and expedite the encryption and decryption process.

Plant essential oils extracted from various parts are known for their potential antimicrobial properties. The gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of Ocimum tenuiflorum essential oil (TEO) revealed estragole and eugenol as major compounds. The FTIR profiling showed the presence of functional groups like O─H, C─H, C═O, C─C, which is in correspondence with the results of GC-MS analysis. In a similar way, UV-visible spectroscopy identified peaks within 315nm that showed the presence of C═C and aromatic compounds. The disc diffusion results revealed Aeromonas hydrophila to be more sensitive, with 29.57±0.32mm zone of inhibition (ZoI) and Aeromonas jandaei with 28.07±0.83mm. The MIC and MBC values of A. hydrophila were 0.125% and 0.25%, while 0.25% and 0.5% for A. jandaei. DPPH and ABTS assay for antioxidant activity determined the IC50 value to be 53.67±0.16 µg/mL and 53.7±0.2µg/mL. Strong antibiofilm activity (%) was observed against both A. hydrophila and A. jandaei, with 94.3% and 90% respectively. The present study provides insight into the sustainable use of TEO against bacterial infections by Aeromonas spp. isolated from moribund Labeo rohita.

Partai politik merupakan aktor penting dalam sistem demokrasi, namun secara hukum tata negara Indonesia, keberadaannya tidak secara eksplisit diatur dalam konstitusi. Posisi ini menjadikan partai politik sebagai entitas non-konstitusional yang tetap memiliki peran strategis dalam pembentukan pemerintahan dan pengisian jabatan publik. Latar belakang masalah penelitian ini berangkat dari lemahnya demokrasi internal partai, yang sering kali diwarnai sentralisasi kekuasaan, minimnya transparansi, dan rendahnya partisipasi anggota dalam pengambilan keputusan. Kondisi tersebut dapat berdampak pada kualitas demokrasi nasional. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis urgensi regulasi internal partai politik dari perspektif hukum tata negara, khususnya untuk menjamin demokrasi internal sebagai syarat keberlangsungan demokrasi yang sehat. Permasalahan penelitian dirumuskan dalam pertanyaan: Bagaimana posisi partai politik sebagai entitas non-konstitusional memengaruhi kualitas demokrasi internal, dan regulasi internal seperti apa yang dibutuhkan untuk memperbaikinya?. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketiadaan pengaturan konstitusional membuat pengawasan terhadap demokrasi internal partai lebih bergantung pada undang-undang dan peraturan internal masing-masing partai. Namun, regulasi internal yang ada umumnya masih bersifat formalitas dan tidak efektif mencegah praktik oligarki politik. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa penerapan prinsip transparansi, akuntabilitas, mekanisme pemilihan yang demokratis, serta perlindungan hak anggota merupakan kunci perbaikan. Kesimpulannya, meskipun partai politik tidak diatur langsung dalam konstitusi, regulasi internal yang kuat dan implementatif menjadi urgensi untuk menjamin demokrasi internal. Tanpa perbaikan ini, partai politik berisiko menjadi instrumen kekuasaan yang jauh dari prinsip demokrasi substantif.