Shaanxi Railway Institute

The dynamic characteristics of silty-cement modified aeolian sand for high-speed railway subgrade have been insufficiently studied. Its engineering applicability needs to be validated.The internal acceleration distribution patterns are systematically investigated. The attenuation characteristics are analyzed through 1:10 scale laboratory model tests. The cumulative settlement changes are analyzed under dynamic loading conditions. Its engineering suitability was evaluated through comparative analysis which conducted the existing modified soil subgrade dynamic response data. Key findings are as follows: (1) The vibration energy attenuation pattern was found to align with established research. More than 50% of energy loss was concentrated in the modified layer structure. (2) A dynamic response limit of 2.49 m was reached for the modified subgrade. This result was found to be comparable to previous studies. Adequate safety margin for embankment structures was ensured. (3) The cumulative settlement under single-cycle 100,000 vibration cycles was measured at approximately 0.297 mm. Superior settlement resistance was demonstrated compared to other modified soils. However, a significant settlement increase of 0.970 mm was observed under double-cycle 100,000 cycles. Compromised deformation resistance was indicated. (4) The theoretical framework for dynamic response analysis was enriched by these findings. A technical basis was provided for implementing this innovative silty-cement modified aeolian sand system in desert fringe regions.

Soil erosion undermines the sustainable development of land—a vital resource for human survival. Research into the spatiotemporal dynamics of soil erosion is therefore crucial for formulating effective soil and water conservation strategies and advancing ecological protection efforts. In the domain of soil erosion research, the Universal Soil Loss Equation and Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE/RUSLE) model represent the dominant approach for quantifying soil erosion volumes. While this methodology yields reliable outcomes, it fails to incorporate an assessment of the relative significance of the factors embedded within the model. This study selected the Henan section of the Yellow River Basin as the research area, using monthly remote sensing data from 2010 to 2025 as the main data source. Taking into account factors such as rainfall, slope, elevation, vegetation coverage, and hydrological conservation measures, the RUSLE model was used to calculate and combine Geographic Information System (GIS) geographic detectors for quantitative analysis of soil erosion factors. The results showed the following: (1) The average soil erosion modulus in the study area from 2010 to 2025 was mainly micro and mild erosion. (2) Soil erosion exhibits a certain periodicity, with a year of significant soil erosion occurring every 3–4 years. The overall trend of soil erosion is a decrease. (3) Geographic detector analysis shows that slope has the greatest impact on soil erosion, with larger slopes leading to more severe soil erosion. The influence of each factor ranges from large to small as slope > water conservation measures > rainfall > vegetation coverage > elevation. (4) The interaction between factors can enhance the influence on soil erosion, and the interaction between vegetation cover factors and other factors significantly increases the influence; after interacting with various factors, the slope factor will significantly increase the influence of soil erosion. The research results can provide technical support and decision-making basis for ecological protection in the Yellow River Basin, such as through soil and water conservation, returning farmland to forests, and slope greening; The dominant factors and obvious interaction factors in the research area can provide a scientific basis for subsequent scholars to optimize the parameters of regional models.

Given the insufficient understanding of the bearing mechanism and failure modes of large-diameter under-reamed piles in complex strata, this study conducted scaled laboratory model tests based on similarity theory. A visualized “semi-model pile static loading-reaction frame” system was established to systematically investigate the influence of under-reaming angle (0° ~ 25°) and pile embedment depth (60 ~ 80 cm) on the bearing characteristics and failure mechanisms of the pile foundation. The results show that: 1) The under-reaming angle is the dominant factor controlling bearing performance. A reasonable increase in this angle can significantly enhance the ultimate bearing capacity, with a 204.99% improvement observed at 20° compared to the uniform-section pile. However, the enhancement effect weakens with increasing embedment depth. Comprehensive analysis suggests that 15° ~ 20° is the optimal under-reaming angle range; an excessive angle induces stress concentration at the “shoulder” of the pile, leading to interfacial detachment between pile and soil, thus limiting further improvement in bearing capacity. 2) The under-reamed structure effectively optimizes the load transfer path along the pile shaft. The end bearing resistance ratio increases first and then decreases with the under-reaming angle, reaching a maximum of 65.09% at 20°, indicating a transition of the load transfer mechanism from shaft-resistance-dominated to end-resistance-dominated behavior. 3) The failure morphology of the pile toe rock evolves from “penetrative shear failure” in the uniform pile (failure zone ≈ 1.25D) to “fan-shaped compaction” at the optimal under-reaming angle (≈ 4D), and further enlarging the angle results in unstable “bulging and collapse” failure. This study systematically reveals the full-process mechanism from load bearing to failure in large-diameter under-reamed piles, providing a theoretical basis for optimizing design parameters and predicting failure behavior. The findings offer valuable references for engineering design and improvement of design codes.

BackgroundMuscle hypertrophy, as a central goal in sports training, rehabilitation interventions, and health promotion, relies on scientifically designed resistance training and appropriate nutritional strategies. However, research on the synergistic effects of nutritional interventions and resistance training in promoting muscle hypertrophy is characterized by thematic fragmentation, insufficient integration between mechanistic and applied research, and imbalances across different regions and population groups.MethodsTo systematically delineate the developmental trajectory and emerging trends in this field, a comprehensive search was conducted in the Web of Science Core Collection, initially retrieving 456 publications. After rigorous screening and data cleaning, 411 English-language articles published between 1992 and 2025 were retained for analysis. Scientometric techniques were applied to construct knowledge maps using three major tools: Bibliometrix (R 4.4.3), VOSviewer (1.6.20), and CiteSpace (6.2.6). Bibliometrix was used to analyze publication trends and thematic evolution; VOSviewer to map keyword co-occurrence and collaboration networks; and CiteSpace to detect citation bursts and visualize knowledge structures. Collectively, these methods facilitated the identification of high-frequency keywords, hotspot transitions, collaborative patterns, and underexplored thematic gaps.ResultsThe results indicate that: (1) the combination of protein supplementation and resistance training represents the most prominent intervention strategy; (2) a stable tripartite research model has emerged, centering on the interaction among training, nutrition, and structural adaptation; (3) the thematic focus has gradually shifted from molecular mechanisms toward practical applications, emphasizing issues such as aging and functional improvement; and (4) notable research gaps remain, particularly the underrepresentation of women and Asian populations, insufficient attention to recovery, metabolism, and periodized nutrition, and the lack of a systematic framework for individualized interventions.ConclusionThis study delineates the developmental trajectory, structural characteristics, and future directions of research in this field over the past three decades, providing empirical evidence and a theoretical foundation for the scientific formulation of muscle health enhancement strategies.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41043-025-01031-w.

Resistive switching (RS) devices based on Nb:SrTiO3 (NSTO) hold significant potential for next-generation data storage due to their tunable resistance, stability, and low power consumption. The majority of existing research studies have predominantly focused on metal/NSTO structures that utilize single-crystal NSTO. Although this configuration exhibits superior performance, it is costly and cannot be easily integrated. Another important point is that epitaxial structures can enhance device stability because of their excellent interfaces. However, epitaxial growth of metals on NSTO poses significant challenges due to inherently high structural mismatches, which has led to inconsistent results reported by various researchers employing the same metal/NSTO structure. In this study, NSTO films with different Nb doping amounts were prepared on YBa2Cu3O[Formula: see text][Formula: see text] (YBCO) layers to form NSTO/YBCO heterostructures. YBCO serves as both the electrode and the epitaxial heterolayer material for NSTO. The photogenerated voltage and RS properties of epitaxially grown NSTO/YBCO structures were investigated in detail. At a low Nb doping amount, NSTO cannot produce sufficient photogenerated carriers, while excessive Nb doping results in a low interface barrier height, causing the photogenerated open-circuit voltage of the NSTO/YBCO structure to initially increase and then decrease with the increase in Nb doping amount (the peak value is observed at a Nb doping concentration of 1%). On the other hand, the electrical conductivity of NSTO increases with Nb doping, leading to an increase in the photogenerated short-circuit current. Further, the RS characteristics of the NSTO/YBCO structure were investigated, and clockwise and counterclockwise RS behaviors under low and high bias voltages were observed, respectively. At low voltages, the clockwise RS effect is primarily attributed to the increased interfacial barrier resulting from the migration of oxygen vacancies in YBCO. Conversely, at high voltages, the migration of oxygen ions within NSTO leads to a reduction in the interfacial barrier, thereby inducing a counterclockwise RS effect. In addition, at low bias voltages, the resistance ratio between the high-resistance state and the low-resistance state under [Formula: see text] 1/[Formula: see text] 2 V bias voltages first increases and then decreases as the Nb doping amount increases, with the highest resistance ratio (>100) observed at 1% Nb doping. These findings provide novel insights into the RS mechanism, and it is envisaged that they will promote the application of conductive oxides in RS devices and the development of multilevel memory devices.

Traffic information analysis plays an essential role in urban signalized intersection control. Wi-Fi technology can be used in multiple scenarios. It is effective to use a Wi-Fi data acquisition device to detect traffic information. This paper aims to study a traffic information detection method at a single intersection based on Wi-Fi data, determine the architecture design of the Wi-Fi data acquisition system, design the Wi-Fi data processing process, and then realize the acquisition of Wi-Fi data at a single intersection. K-means clustering algorithms and the LSTM neural network prediction model are used to obtain the space mean speed and vehicle steering ratio of the intersection sections. This method can be used to obtain and forecast various types of traffic information at intersections. The traffic information of an intersection in Xi’an is detected and predicted by using Wi-Fi technology. The experimental results show that the proposed method has high prediction accuracy.

As artificial intelligence (AI) technology quickly grows, college students have new worries and fears. Using Marx’s theory of labour alienation, this study explores the complex relationship between college students’ job-seeking anxiety (JSA) and career self-efficacy (CSE) in the context of the AI era. A structural equation modeling (SEM) study of data from 455 Chinese students indicates that CSE adversely affects JSA. Moreover, AI attitudes (AIA) and AI literacy (AIL) play significant mediating roles in the relationship between career self-efficacy (CSE) and job-specific anxiety (JSA). Specifically, these factors help explain how CSE influences JSA by fostering positive perceptions of AI and improving students’ understanding of AI technologies. The findings underscore the importance of cultivating positive attitudes toward AI, enhancing AI literacy, and strengthening career self-efficacy to reduce job-seeking anxiety and better prepare students for the challenges of an AI-driven job market. These observations provide significant implications for educators and policymakers in developing interventions to enhance students’ career preparedness and protect their mental health during technological changes.

Analyzing 28 articles from databases including WOS, Scopus, and ProQuest, this systematic review investigates the application of Hofstede’s cultural dimensions theory in education. It reveals a sustained scholarly interest in cultural dimensions with substantial contributions from scholars in China, Japan, Israel, and the UK. The study focuses on the impact of cultural dimensions on educational management and their influence on teaching and learning behaviors. Significant findings indicate that key dimensions—power distance, individualism versus collectivism, and long-term orientation—affect educational management behaviors, leadership practices behaviors, teaching and learning behaviors. The review emphasizes the necessity of cultural sensitivity in educational practices and policies, advising educators and policymakers to adapt their approaches to diverse cultural contexts. While offering valuable insights into the development of culturally sensitive educational strategies in the context of globalization, the review also acknowledges limitations such as publication bias and calls for more empirical research.