Shanxi Eye Hospital

To evaluate the associations of hypertension history, blood pressure (BP) levels, and parameters with retinal vascular occlusion (RVAO) risk, and to identify potential mediating plasma proteins. The cohort study used data from 439,057 UK Biobank participants. Multivariable Cox regression was used to evaluate associations between incident RVAO and exposures: hypertension history (with stratification of control status and disease duration), hypertension stages (per 2017 guidelines), systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), mean arterial BP (MABP), and pulse pressure (PP). Mendelian randomization (MR) was subsequently used to assess causality and identify mediating plasma proteins. In observational analysis, hypertension history (uncontrolled and long/unknow duration), stage 1 hypertension, stage 2 hypertension, higher BP parameters (SBP, MABP, and PP) were associated with an increased risk of RVAO, whereas DBP showed no significant association. The MR analysis supported the causal relationships for hypertension history and SBP but not for DBP. Six plasma proteins were identified as potential mediators for the hypertension history, with secretory leukocyte peptidase inhibitor (SLPI) explaining the largest proportion of the effect (13.3%). Ankyrin Repeat and SOCS Box Containing 9 (ASB9) was found to mediate the effects for both hypertension history (3.56%) and SBP (4.31%) to RVAO. Hypertension history and elevated SBP were significant risk factors for RVAO. Specific plasma proteins, notably SLPI and ASB9, may serve as mediators and represent potential targets for therapeutic intervention. The identification of mediating plasma proteins, such as SLPI and ASB9, provides novel therapeutic targets and biomarkers for preventing RVAO among individuals with hypertension.

Vision loss remains a significant global health burden, primarily driven by irreversible ocular conditions such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), glaucoma, severe ocular trauma, and intraocular malignancies. Despite advances in retinal prosthetics and stem cell-based therapies, current treatment options are still limited in their ability to fully restore visual function. Allogeneic whole-eye transplantation (WET) has recently gained attention as a novel and potentially transformative strategy for vision restoration. This review synthesizes recent progress in the field, including advancements in microsurgical techniques, immunosuppressive protocols, and neural integration strategies, drawing on evidence from both preclinical animal models and emerging human studies. Key components, including optic nerve (ON) regeneration, vascular anastomosis, immune tolerance, and donor–recipient matching, are critically examined. Furthermore, we address ongoing barriers, including graft viability, chronic rejection, central visual pathway rewiring, and ethical considerations surrounding the procurement of donor eyes. While substantial milestones have been achieved, particularly in experimental settings, clinical translation remains in its early stages. This review highlights current limitations and proposes future directions for multidisciplinary research aimed at overcoming these challenges and advancing WET toward clinical reality.

PurposeThis 12-month, prospective, single-arm, postmarketing study assessed efficacy, safety, and patient satisfaction for AcrySof IQ PanOptix TFNT00 intraocular lens in a Chinese population.Patients and MethodsAdults with bilateral cataracts received TFNT00 (286 eyes); visual acuity (VA) was assessed at 12 months. Manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE), corrected and uncorrected distance VA (CDVA, UDVA), distance-corrected and uncorrected intermediate (DCIVA, UIVA) and near (DCNVA, UNVA) VA, and defocus curve were evaluated. Patient-reported outcomes were assessed using questionnaires. Adverse events (AEs) were evaluated.Results134/144 patients (268/286 eyes) completed the study. At 12 months, MRSE was −0.06±0.36 D. Monocular and binocular CDVA ≤0.3 logMAR was achieved in 99.3% of patients. Mean±SD monocular CDVA, UDVA, DCIVA, UIVA, DCNVA, and UNVA were −0.01±0.13, 0.04±0.13, 0.076±0.14, 0.089±0.14, 0.084±0.13, and 0.096±0.13 logMAR, respectively. Binocular VA was equal to or better than 0.1 logMAR for defocus range +0.5 to −3.0 D. Most patients achieved spectacle independence for distance (94%), intermediate (90%), and near (87%) vision; 88% were “satisfied” or “very satisfied.” No device-related AEs were reported. Forty eyes (14%) had posterior capsular opacity (37 were clinically nonsignificant; 1 [0.4%] required posterior capsulotomy). Five cystoid macular edema cases (1.7%) were reported. Severe starbursts, halo, and glare were reported by 15.6%, 4.4%, and 2.3% of patients, respectively, with only 1.5% of patients significantly bothered by each.ConclusionTFNT00 was safe and effective in a Chinese population, providing good VA at far, intermediate, and near distances, with high rates of spectacle independence and patient satisfaction.

PurposeContinuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (CCC) quality affects posterior capsule opacification and visual outcomes after cataract surgery. We developed a novel metric, the Capsulotomy Proficiency Index (CPI), to objectively evaluate the CCC manipulation during cataract surgery.MethodsWe developed a self-design code using MATLAB software to outline the motion trail of the capsulorhexis forceps, the surgical field motion amplitude, the CCC profile (circularity, deviation, decentration), the number of grasps and the total and effective CCC operating time, etc. Considering the weight of each parameter, an integrated CPI value was used to evaluate each CCC surgical video. A Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the mean CPI from the two groups.ResultsThis study included two surgeons with different total cataract surgery volumes (group A: a surgeon with experience of less than 500 cases, group B: a surgeon with experience of more than 1000 cases). 15 CCC videos from each surgeon during the same working period were randomly selected. Group A demonstrated a significantly lower CPI mean value than group B (0.47±0.32 and 0.89±0.23), indicating a significant difference in surgical level.ConclusionsBased on the objective CCC surgical video evaluation, the CPI could reflect the surgical level difference in CCC manipulation.

To evaluate the diagnostic performance of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) in detecting metastatic conjunctival melanoma (CM). This retrospective study enrolled 67 patients with histopathologically confirmed CM who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT for follow-up or suspected recurrence. Parameters including short-axis diameter of lesions, maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), the target-to-nontarget (T/NT) ratios of cervical lymph nodes, and bone lesion characterization (osteolytic, osteoblastic, or unchanged) were evaluated. Metastases were confirmed via either histopathology or ≥ 6-month imaging follow-up. Diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and metastatic patterns were analyzed at patient level. A total of 16 patients were confirmed metastasis. The median interval from surgery to metastasis was 20.3months (range 1-100months), with 56.3% (9/16) occurring within the first postoperative year. PET/CT detected metastases in 13 patients, missed metastases in 3 patients (2 with small preauricular lymph nodes and 1 with tiny pulmonary metastases), and misdiagnosed 1 patient with parotid benign nodules as metastatic. PET/CT demonstrated a sensitivity of 81.3%, specificity of 98.0%, and accuracy of 94.0%. The most common metastatic sites included lymph nodes (62.5%), bone (37.5%), lung (31.3%), and liver (25.0%), with PET/CT demonstrating detection rates of 95.5%, 100%, 86.7%, and 100%, respectively. PET/CT also identified metastases in rare sites, including the thyroid, cerebellum, adrenal glands, pericardium, pancreas, and subcutaneous/soft tissue. Lymph node metastases in CM predominately occurred in ipsilateral regional nodes (90.1%), with rare bilateral involvement (9.1%). Metastatic lymph nodes in the cervical and submandibular regions showed significantly higher mean SUVmax (11.6 ± 10.5 vs. 2.9 ± 0.9; p = 0.005) and T/NT ratios (6.9 ± 8.2 vs. 3.0 ± 1.0; p = 0.011) compared to inflammatory lymph nodes. SUVmax of metastatic lymph nodes, lung metastases, and liver metastases showed positive correlations with lesion size (p < 0.05 for all). Among metastatic lymph nodes, 53.2% had a short-axis diameter < 10mm, and 59.1% of bone metastases exhibited no abnormal CT density. 18F-FDG PET/CT provides high diagnostic accuracy in detecting systemic metastases of CM during follow-up assessments, particularly for small lymph nodes, early bone metastases, and uncommon sites.